Mover (political party)

{{short description|Political party in Ecuador}} {{Infobox political party | name = Revolutionary and Democratic Ethical Green Movement | native_name = Movimiento Verde Ético Revolucionario y Democrático | native_name_lang = es | logo = MOVER-35.svg | logo_size = | colorcode = {{party color|MOVER (political party)}} | president = | secretary_general = René Espín | abbreviation = MOVER | founder = Rafael Correa | foundation = {{start date|2006|4|3|df=y}} (as PAIS Alliance) | dissolution = 27 January 2024 | predecessor = Alianza Bolivariana Alfarista Amauta Jatari Partido Comunista de Ecuador Movimiento Pais Poder Ciudadano Ruptura de los 25 | headquarters = Ulloa and Av. República, Quito | newspaper = ''Somos PAIS'' (until 2021) | youth_wing = | membership_year = 2016 | membership = 979,691 | ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |'''2006–2017:''' |Socialism of the 21st century |Democratic socialism<ref>Ortiz-T., Pablo (2008), "Ecuador", The Indigenous World 2008, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, p. 147</ref> |Third Way<ref>https://panampost.com/carlos-sabino/2014/09/01/la-tercera-via-latinoamericana-las-mismas-viejas-recetas-fracasadas/</ref> |'''2017–2024:''' |Neoliberalism |Third Way<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/04/11/lenin-morenos-new-economic-policy | title=Lenín Moreno's new economic policy | newspaper=The Economist }}</ref> }} | position = '''2006–2017:''' Left-wing<ref name="IWGIA"/> '''2017–2024:''' Centre to centre-right | national = United Front (2014–2018) National Democratic Action (2023–2024) | regional = COPPPAL São Paulo Forum (until 2021) | colours = {{colour box|#7CFC00}} Lime green (until 2021) {{colour box|#438b44}} Dark green {{colour box|#003870}} Midnight blue {{colour box|#B7D85C}} Bitter lemon | website = {{URL|https://mover.com.ec/}} | country = Ecuador }}

The '''Revolutionary and Democratic Ethical Green Movement''' ({{langx|es|Movimiento Verde Ético Revolucionario y Democrático}}, '''MOVER''') was a centre<ref name="Sin-nombre-p4cI-1">{{cite web|date=3 January 2019|language=en|title=Lenin Moreno: It is necessary to establish a new ideology|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/talktojazeera/2019/01/lenin-moreno-establish-ideology-190103060748796.html|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref name=CARNEGIE/> to centre-right<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.recp.es/files/view/pdf/congress-papers/16-0/2800/ | title=Desenredando la ambigüedad: la relación entre los partidos populistas y la democracia liberal | language=es | trans-title=Unraveling the ambiguity: the relationship between populist parties and liberal democracy | website=www.recp.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Tesis para obtener el título de maestría de Investigación en Política Comparada | language=es | trans-title=Thesis for the Master's degree in Comparative Political Research | url=https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/bitstream/10469/18168/2/TFLACSO-2022JAJC.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180553/https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/bitstream/10469/18168/2/TFLACSO-2022JAJC.pdf | archive-date=2024-02-02}}</ref><ref name=CARNEGIE>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/07/is-ecuador-a-model-for-post-populist-democratic-recovery?lang=en|title=Is Ecuador a Model for Post-Populist Democratic Recovery?|last=Stuenkel|first=Oliver|date=2019-07-11|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712184324/https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/07/11/is-ecuador-model-for-post-populist-democratic-recovery-pub-79472|archive-date=2019-07-12|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref> neoliberal<ref>{{cite book|access-date=2024-02-02|date=2020-11-13|first1=Giuseppe Lo|first2=Rafael Domínguez|first3=Pierre-Olivier Sire|first4=Javier Alberto Vadell|first5=Antonina Ivanova|first6=Eduardo Crivelli|first7=Ada Celsa Cabrera|first8=Alexandre Cesar Leite|first9=Aline Carolina da Rocha|language=es|last1=Brutto|last2=Martín|last3=Bauman|last4=Compagnucci|last5=Boncheva|last6=Minutti|last7=García|last8=Cunha|last9=Mota|publisher=Ed. Universidad de Cantabria|title=Desglobalización y análisis del sistema de cooperación internacional desde una perspectiva crítica|isbn=978-84-17888-11-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUsQEAAAQBAJ&q=%22Lenin+Moreno%22%22centro+derecha%22}}</ref> political party in Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/talktojazeera/2019/01/lenin-moreno-establish-ideology-190103060748796.html|title=Lenin Moreno: It is necessary to establish a new ideology|date=3 January 2019|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> In 2016, it had 979,691 members.<ref name="2016 membership">{{cite news|date=6 September 2016|title=3,5 millones de firmas avalan a 16 grupos políticos|url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/politiko-2017/1/3-5-millones-de-firmas-avalan-a-16-grupos-politicos|accessdate=1 August 2021|work=El Telégrafo|language=es}}</ref> Until 2021 it was known as the '''PAIS Alliance (Proud and Sovereign Homeland)''' ('''PAIS''', {{langx|es|Alianza PAIS (Patria Altiva i Soberana)|links=no}}).

Founded by Rafael Correa in April 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americaeconomia.com/politica-sociedad/politica/conozca-la-historia-de-alianza-pais-de-un-binomio-al-control-del-poder-en|title=Conozca la historia de Alianza PAIS, de un binomio al control del poder en Ecuador|website=América Economía}}</ref> the party soon found success amid the "pink tide" period in Latin America. The party's early period in power (2007–2017) is known as the Correa era, named after the longtime leader Correa, who was also the President of Ecuador. Correa was highly popular due to his efforts to make the national economy grow and his politics of social spending and social assistance.<ref name="BBCfeb2017"/>

When Correa's third term came to an end, he was followed by his vice-president Lenín Moreno, who moved the party closer to the centre<ref name="Roberts">{{cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/international-economies/commentary/can-ecuador-continue-gain-economic-freedom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929234641/https://www.heritage.org/international-economies/commentary/can-ecuador-continue-gain-economic-freedom|url-status=unfit|archive-date=September 29, 2020|title=Can Ecuador Continue to Gain Economic Freedom?|first=James M.|last=Roberts|website=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref><ref name="Valencia">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ecuador-protests-idUSKBN1WJ1FI|title=Ecuador unions call off anti-austerity protests after 370 arrests in two days|first=Alexandra|last=Valencia|newspaper=Reuters |date=October 5, 2019|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> and enjoyed a popularity rating as high as 77% shortly after the 2017 Ecuadorian general election. Moreno's sharp move to the right and its economic and political policies resulted in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests and mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. Further, Moreno left office with an approval rating of 9% according to a survey by the firm Cedatos, associated to Gallup.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://cedatos.com.ec/2021/05/23/opinion-de-la-poblacion-sobre-mandatarios-saliente-y-entrante-expectativas-hacia-el-futuro-estudio-cerrado-al-21-de-mayo-de-2021/|title=OPINIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN SOBRE MANDATARIOS SALIENTE Y ENTRANTE; EXPECTATIVAS HACIA EL FUTURO. Estudio cerrado al 21 de mayo de 2021.|website=Cedatos.com.ec|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref>

On 4 December 2021, the PAIS Alliance renamed itself to MOVER. The change was approved by the National Electoral Council in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Alianza País se transforma en Mover |url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/alianza-pais-mover-patricio-barriga.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=El Comercio}}</ref>

== Background == {{politics of Ecuador}} The roots of the PAIS Alliance go back to 1999, when Ricardo Patiño, together with Alberto Acosta, Patricia Dávila, Ivonne Benítez, and other Ecuadorian politicians, urged the creation of Jubilee 2000 Net Guayaquil, a civil corporation that would investigate ways to solve the serious issue of the Ecuadorian foreign debt, which had risen to a historical high.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Salmon|first=Felix|date=2011-07-05|title=How Ecuador sold itself to China|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/07/05/how-ecuador-sold-itself-to-china/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709045604/http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/07/05/how-ecuador-sold-itself-to-china|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-07-09|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Reuters Blogs}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Direct Appeals: Alianza PAIS in Ecuador |date=2024 |work=Creating Partisans: The Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America |pages=94–110 |editor-last=Poertner |editor-first=Mathias |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/creating-partisans/direct-appeals/730E26E7A0030E58FE60DB4A2E09376D |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009446327.004 |isbn=978-1-009-44629-7|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Rafael Correa, Gustavo Larrea, and Fander Falconí also joined the group. Alliance PAIS influenced many successive political movements, giving its structure to movements like Civic Initiative, National Democratic Action, Alliance Bolivariana Alfarista, and Jubilee 2000.{{clarify|date=September 2020}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Elected Left, Governing Right|url=https://nacla.org/news/2019/03/15/elected-left-governing-right|access-date=2020-12-19|website=NACLA|language=en}}</ref>

The PAIS Alliance movement functioned under the Ecuadorian Socialist Party, sharing humanist movements and social bases.<ref name=":0"/>

== Party leadership and organization == The party has been led by Ana Belén Marín following the expulsion of Lenín Moreno from the party after the party's crushing defeat in the 2021 general elections. Other important leaders include former Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa, President of the National Assembly Fernando Cordero Cueva, the former Alcalde of Quito Augusto Barrera Guarderas, the Assemblyman Fernando Bustamante, Aminta Buenaño, the ex-Secretary of Planning Fander Falconí, and the Chancellor of the Republic Ricardo Patiño.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rogtayuk|first=Denis|date=|title=Ecuador's Neoliberal Government Is Trying to Ban Rafael Correa from the 2021 Elections|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/08/ecuador-moreno-correa-elections|access-date=|website=Jacobin Mag}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-10|title=Bribery trial begins against ex-Ecuador leader Rafael Correa|url=https://apnews.com/article/a8729ae007b617dbe7752dab1a8160d8|access-date=2020-12-19|website=AP NEWS}}</ref>

As of 2011, the 22 vocales, or speakers, of the National Directive are Ricardo Patiño, Doris Soliz, Augusto Barrera, Irina Cabezas, Fernando Cordero, Nancy Morocho, Fander Falconí, María Luisa Moreno, Roberto Cuero, Ximena Ponce, Juan Carlos, Roxana Alvarado, Miguel Carvajal, Dora Aguirre, Jorge Loor, Gabriela Rivadeneira, Diego Borja, Patricia Sarzoza, Gustavo Baroja, Andrea Gonzaga, Leonardo Vicuña, and Olguita Mejía. Members of the Commission of Ethics include Karla Chávez, Carlos Marx, and Galo Borja. Members of the Electoral Commission include Mayerli Vásquez, Paúl Granda, and Xavier Ponce.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movimientoalianzapais.com.ec/blog/2011/02/01/alianza-pais-se-alinea-totalmente-a-correa/|title=Movimientoalianzapais - Mein Blog|website=movimientoalianzapais.com.ec|access-date=2011-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822132141/http://movimientoalianzapais.com.ec/blog/2011/02/01/alianza-pais-se-alinea-totalmente-a-correa/|archive-date=2011-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> PAIS Alliance publishes the newspaper ''El Ciudadano''. The young wing of the party is called the Juventudes Alianza País.<ref>[http://www.oromartv.com/Noticias-Nacionales/Juventudes-Alianza-PAIS.html "Juventudes Alianza País"].{{dead link|date=April 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Oromar TV.</ref>

== History == ===Overview=== Under Correa, PAIS was more left-leaning and followed a form of anti-imperialism, Bolivarianism, democratic socialism,<ref name="IWGIA">{{citation |first=Pablo |last=Ortiz-T. |title=Ecuador |work=The Indigenous World 2008 |publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |year=2008 |page=147}}</ref> left-wing populism, left-wing nationalism, and progressivism, as part of socialism of the 21st century, which was followed by like-minded parties in Bolivia and Venezuela, which became known as Correism. The party had majority governments throughout the period in power and also had a supermajority from 2013 to 2017. During this period, Correa's administration increased government spending, reducing poverty, raised the minimum wage, and increased the standard of living in Ecuador.<ref name="BBCfeb2017">{{cite news|title=Ecuador election: Who will succeed Rafael Correa?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-38976948|access-date=24 February 2017|work=BBC News|date=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="ECONfeb2017">{{cite news|title=What to expect from Ecuador's elections|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21717119-under-rafael-correa-living-standards-rose-he-governed-heavy-hand-and-leaves-lot|access-date=24 February 2017|newspaper=The Economist|date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="FTfeb2017">{{cite news|last1=Schipani|first1=Andres|title=Ecuador's Lasso looks to overturn Correa's revolution|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e714ff42-f8f4-11e6-9516-2d969e0d3b65|access-date=24 February 2017|work=Financial Times|url-access=subscription|date=22 February 2017}}</ref> At the same time, income and wealth inequalities, as measured by the Gini coefficient, decreased.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cepr.net/images/stories/reports/ecuador-2017-02.pdf |title=Report |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=2017 |access-date=2021-05-13}}</ref>

When Correa's third term came to an end, he was followed by his vice-president Lenín Moreno, who moved the party closer to the centre<ref name="Roberts"/><ref name="Valencia"/> towards Third Way social democracy,<ref name="New policy">{{cite news|url= https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/04/11/lenin-morenos-new-economic-policy |title= Lenín Moreno's new economic policy |date= 2019-04-11 |newspaper= The Economist |access-date= 2019-10-11 |issn= 0013-0613}}</ref> which both left-wing critics and some observers deemed as unpicking left-wing legacy and renouncing socialism,<ref name="The Socialist">{{cite news|title= The Socialist Who Gave Up Julian Assange and Renounced Socialism |agency= Bloomberg |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-29/ecuador-s-leader-kicked-out-assange-shunned-venezuela-and-embraced-the-u-s}}</ref> while capitulating to neoliberalism.<ref name="National strike">{{cite news|title= Ecuador paralyzed by national strike as Moreno refuses to step down |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/09/ecuador-strike-lenin-moreno-latest |agency= The Guardian}}</ref><ref name=movingtoright>{{cite news|title= Moreno Is Breaking Ranks with the Correa Administration |url= https://www.fairobserver.com/region/latin_america/lenin-moreno-rafael-correa-ecuador-latin-america-politics-news-10291/ |access-date= 9 October 2019 |agency= Fair Observer |date= Sep 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Moreno unpicks">{{cite news|title= Lenín Moreno unpicks Ecuador's leftwing legacy |url= https://www.ft.com/content/aa2c331a-e265-11e7-97e2-916d4fbac0da |access-date= 9 October 2019 |agency= The Financial Times|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In part, this came as a result of recession by the end of Correa's tenure due to reliance on oil, public expenditures, the 2016 Ecuador earthquake (more than 650 deaths and damage estimated at the equivalent of about 3% of GDP), and international pressure, resulting in government spending being slashed.<ref name="BBCfeb2017"/><ref name="ECONfeb2017"/><ref name="FTfeb2017"/><ref name="STfeb2017">{{cite news|last1=Solano|first1=Gonzalo|title=Official: Ecuador's presidential election headed to runoff|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/ruling-party-candidate-leads-in-ecuadors-presidential-vote/|access-date=24 February 2017|work=The Seattle Times|date=19 February 2017}}</ref>

Moreno maintained a majority approval rating throughout his term as vice president, his management was approved by 91% of Ecuadorians in May 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.ec/el-91-de-ecuatorianos-apoya-la-gestion-del-vicepresidente-lenin-moreno/|title=El 91% de ecuatorianos apoya la gestión del vicepresidente Lenín Moreno|website=www.vicepresidencia.gob.ec|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> and enjoyed a popularity rating as high as 77% shortly after the 2017 Ecuadorian general election. His approval dropped to 69% by the start of 2018, before dropping to 46% by mid-2018, and further fell to under 27% by mid-2019; in May 2020, it fell to 16%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cuencahighlife.com/morenos-approval-rating-tumbles-as-popular-concern-grows-over-border-violence/|title=Moreno's approval rating tumbles as popular concern grows over border violence – CuencaHighLife|website=cuencahighlife.com|date=May 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/05/ecuador-votes-to-limit-presidents-terms-in-blow-to-rafael-correa|title=Ecuador votes to limit presidents' terms in blow to Rafael Correa|agency=Associated Press|date=5 February 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 October 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/04/11/lenin-morenos-new-economic-policy|title=Lenín Moreno's new economic policy|date=11 April 2019|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=14 October 2019|issn=0013-0613}}.</ref> Moreno's sharp move to the right and its economic and political policies resulted in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests and mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, reaching only 5% of approval by early 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/desgaste-institucional-ocaso-funciones-100942.html|title=Desgaste institucional en el ocaso de las funciones|website=www.expreso.ec|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Moreno left office with an approval rating of 9% according to a survey by the firm Cedatos,<ref name="auto1"/> and had a higher approval rating among those who voted for Guillermo Lasso (20%) than those who voted for Moreno himself (5%), although he was disapproved of by both groups. In light of those developments and Correa founding the left-wing Citizen Revolution Movement, even as Moreno did not pursue re-election and left the party to become an independent politician, PAIS collapsed in the 2021 Ecuadorian general election, losing all of its seats.<ref name="Rogatayuk 2021"/>

=== First period === ''PAIS'' (Proud and Sovereign Homeland) Alliance was officially founded by Rafael Correa at the start of 2006 presidential campaign. Originally espousing democratic socialist views,<ref name="IWGIA" /> the movement called for political sovereignty, regional integration, and economic relief for Ecuador's poor.<ref>[http://www.eluniverso.com/2007/07/23/0001/8/52BB6011269D4A87B7E96771F48D4A62.aspx ‘Socialismo’ en el discurso de Correa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109062438/http://www.eluniverso.com/2007/07/23/0001/8/52BB6011269D4A87B7E96771F48D4A62.aspx |date=2009-01-09 }} El Universo, July 23, 2007</ref>

During the campaign, Correa proposed a constituent assembly to rewrite Ecuador's constitution.<ref>McDermott, Jeremy [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=1520372006 Man of the people closes in on presidency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312170637/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=1520372006 |date=2007-03-12 }}, ''The Scotsman'', 14 October 2006.</ref> PAIS Alliance did not run any congressional candidates, as Correa had stated that he would call for a referendum to begin drafting a new constitution; however, the PAIS Alliance movement signed a political alliance with the Ecuadorian Socialist Party, which did present candidates for the National Congress.<ref>[http://www.rafaelcorrea.com/la_noticia/296/El%20Movimiento%20Pa%C3%ADs%20y%20el%20Partido%20socialista%20Ecuatoriano%20firmaron%20una%20alianza%20pol%C3%ADtica Alianza PAIS and Socialist Party sign alliance on Alianza PAIS website]{{in lang|es}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118094426/http://www.rafaelcorrea.com/la_noticia/296/El%20Movimiento%20Pa%C3%ADs%20y%20el%20Partido%20socialista%20Ecuatoriano%20firmaron%20una%20alianza%20pol%C3%ADtica |date=2009-11-18 }}</ref>

In the 2006 Ecuadorian general election, Correa came in second place (22.84%), behind banana tycoon Álvaro Noboa (26.83%). Correa won the subsequent 26 November 2006 runoff election with 56.67% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.tse.gov.ec/Resultados2006_2v/Limpiacochee.aspx?CodDign=1 RESULTADOS: NACIONALES]{{in lang|es}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Tribunal Supremo Electoral</ref> He took office on 15 January 2007.

==== Constituent referendum ==== On 15 April 2007, Ecuadoreans voted overwhelmingly (81.72% in favor) to support the election of a constituent assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tse.gov.ec:80/Resultados2007/Parlamento.aspx?CodDign=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630223326/http://www.tse.gov.ec:80/Resultados2007/Parlamento.aspx?CodDign=8|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-06-30|title=Consulta Popular Nacional|date=2007-06-30|access-date=2017-06-05|language=es}}</ref>

==== Constituent Assembly election ==== In the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly election, President Correa won backing for his plans to rewrite Ecuador's constitution and expand state control of the nation's economy. Correa's faction also won approximately 61% of the seats in the National Assembly (80 of 130 Assembly Members).<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ahC.qiXINCA8 Correa Wins Majority in Ecuador Vote to Rewrite Constitution], Bloomberg News, 2 October 2007.</ref> The Constituent Assembly was originally led by PAIS Alliance member Alberto Acosta, who was soon replaced by another PAIS member, Fernando Cordero.

==== Constitutional referendum ==== A constitutional referendum was held on 28 September 2008 to vote on the Ecuadorian constitution drafted by the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prensa-latinaenglish.com/article.asp?ID={C0C91E78-4425-4BEC-AFB0-3271D94DF2DD})&language=EN|title=Ecuador Assembly Approves Constitution - Prensa Latina}}</ref> Partial results show that 64% of voters voted to approve the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7640704.stm | work=BBC News | title=Ecuadoreans back new constitution | date=29 September 2008}}</ref>

=== Second period === ==== Primary elections ==== For the first time in the political history of Ecuador, an organized political party selected its candidates by means of primary elections. PAIS Alliance organized primary elections for 25 January 2009 in the whole country. The objective was that the members of the political movement would name the candidates for the elections of 26 April 2009.<ref>[http://www.acuerdopais.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=243&Itemid=65 ''Reglamento: Elecciones Primarias 2009''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225112944/http://www.acuerdopais.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=243&Itemid=65 |date=2009-02-25 }} ''Acuerdo PAIS''</ref>

==== General elections ==== Correa was re-elected for a second term in the 2009 Ecuadorian general election. It was the first time in thirty years that the country had re-elected a president. PAIS also won the largest legislative block in the National Assembly, although it was not a majority.<ref name="TRN2009Win">''[http://therealnews.com/id/3622/April27,2009/%22Avenger+against+oligarchy%22+wins+in+Ecuador "Avenger against oligarchy" wins in Ecuador]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' The Real News, April 27, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniverso.com/2009/06/24/1/1355/CE8DB0411BD74639BAE78622BE43B17F.html|title=PAIS, sin mayoría tras definirse los 124 escaños|date=23 June 2009}}</ref>

In the 2009 legislative election for the Andean Parliament, Alliance PAIS obtained 3 of 5 parliamentarians.<ref>[http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/ecuatorianos-designan-parlamentarios-andinos-en-apaticas-elecciones-353279.html "Ecuatorianos designan parlamentarios andinos en apáticas elecciones"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217230159/http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/ecuatorianos-designan-parlamentarios-andinos-en-apaticas-elecciones-353279.html|date=17 December 2011}}. HOY Ecuador {{in lang|es}}. 14 June 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</ref><ref>[http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/movimiento-pais-alcanza-tres-de-las-cinco-curules-en-el-parlamento-andino-353424.html "Alianza País alcanza tres de las cinco curules en el Parlamento Andino"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430163959/http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/movimiento-pais-alcanza-tres-de-las-cinco-curules-en-el-parlamento-andino-353424.html|date=30 April 2011}}. ElTiempo.com {{in lang|es}}. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120629150533/http://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias-cuenca/18482-pais-encabezara-representantes-de-ecuador-en-parlamento-andino/ "PAIS encabezará representantes de Ecuador en Parlamento Andino"]. . HOY Ecuador {{in lang|es}}. 16 June 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</ref>

Correa was ratified as president of the movement in November 2010. Galo Mora was designated as the first secretary-general.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globedia.com/ratifica-convencion-alianza-pais-liderazgo-presidente-correa|title=Ratifica convención de Alianza País liderazgo de presidente Correa|website=globedia.com}}</ref>

On 1 October 2016, former Vice President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno was nominated as a candidate for the 2017 Ecuadorian presidential election at the conference of País Alliance. The statement was made by President Correa.

In the 19 February 2017 election, Moreno won the elections with 39.3% of the vote; however, he was short by less than one percentage point of outright victory, as Ecuador requires in its two-round system. In the Ecuadorian system, to avoid a runoff a candidate needs to either win 50 percent of the first-round vote, or take 40 percent of the vote and be at least 10 percent ahead of the runner-up (Guillermo Lasso had obtained 28.09%; had Moreno gained 40 percent, he would have won on the 40–10 rule). He defeated Lasso in the 2 April 2017 second runoff with 51.16% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news|title=CNE informa 'resultados irreversibles': Moreno 51.16% – Lasso 48.84%|url=http://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/noticias/politica/258611-cne-informa-resultados-irreversibles-moreno-5116-lasso-4884|access-date=28 April 2017|language=es |publisher=Ecuavisa|date=4 April 2017}}</ref>

=== Moreno administration ===

[[File:Lenín Moreno en 2017.jpg|thumb|Lenín Moreno, former President of Ecuador]] Within months of winning the election, Moreno moved away from his election platform,<ref name="New policy" /> igniting a feud with ex-president Rafael Correa. Moreno distanced himself from populist policies championed by Correa and the Venezuelan government, arguing that Ecuador needed to be independent from ALBA.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/6a7d8ed8738a475d8b6c276ffa0b761e|title=Ecuador leaves Venezuelan-run regional alliance|date=24 August 2018|access-date=9 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824061420/https://apnews.com/6a7d8ed8738a475d8b6c276ffa0b761e|archive-date=24 August 2018|work=Associated Press}}</ref> Moreno continued to identify himself as a social democrat throughout this process.<ref name="CARNEGIE" />

In February 2018, Moreno led the 2018 Ecuadorian referendum and popular consultation, which proposed more strict corruption laws and more regulations to protect natural areas within the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/preguntas-consulta-referendum-leninmoreno-ecuador.html|title=¿Cuáles son las siete preguntas del referéndum y la consulta popular del 4 de febrero del 2018 en Ecuador?|website=El Comercio|date=3 October 2017 |language=es-LA|access-date=2018-08-01}}</ref> The most significant proposal approved by Ecuadorians in the referendum was the re-establishment of term limits for the presidency, effectively blocking Correa's future electoral bids.<ref name=CARNEGIE/> At the time, Moreno enjoyed an approval rating near 80 percent according to polls.<ref name="CARNEGIE"/>

Under Correa, the Ecuadorian government had begun to overspend and increase borrowing, with the country's debt tripling in a five-year period.<ref name="New policy"/> Moreno was tasked with overhauling Ecuador's economy, resulting in spending cuts.<ref name="New policy"/> The moves to reverse Correa's populist policies did not earn Moreno more popular support, however, and by April 2019 his approval rating had dropped to around 30 percent.<ref name="New policy"/><ref name="CARNEGIE"/> By early 2020, his popularity had reduced to 7.72%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Encuestadora: la popularidad de Lenín Moreno toca fondo|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/encuestadora-popularidad-lenin-moreno-toca-fondo-4748.html|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.expreso.ec}}</ref>

In 2021 Ecuadorian general election, Moreno did not seek re-election. Meanwhile, the party lost all of its seats in the National Assembly.<ref name="Rogatayuk 2021">{{cite news|last=Rogatayuk|first=Denis|url=https://jacobin.com/2021/02/ecuador-election-arauz-hervas-perez-neoliberalism|title=Ecuador's Election Was a Massive Repudiation of Neoliberalism|date=18 February 2021|work=Jacobin|accessdate=1 August 2021}}</ref> On 4 March 2021, Moreno was expelled from the PAIS Alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-04 |title=Alianza PAIS expulsa a Lenín Moreno, quien se había desafiliado de esa organización política |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/desafiliacion-y-expulsion-de-lenin-moreno-de-alianza-pais-nota/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=El Universo |language=es}}</ref>

===ADN era ===

For 2023 Ecuadorian general election, in which both the presidency and all seats in the National Assembly were contested, MOVER ran as a member of a broader alliance, National Democratic Action.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election for Ecuadorian National Assembly |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/4144/ |publisher=International Foundation for Electoral Systems}}</ref> The presidential candidate from the alliance was Daniel Noboa. He took the second place in the first election round and went into a runoff with Luisa González.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ecuador: presidential election first round results 2023 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1407207/votes-presidential-elections-in-ecuador/ |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> On 15 October 2023, Noboa obtained 52.3% of the votes in the runoff, winning the election to be Ecuador’s next president.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alvarado |first1=Tara John, Abel |title=Noboa, 35, to become Ecuador's next president following election dominated by spiraling crime |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/15/americas/ecuador-election-gonzalez-noboa-intl-latam/index.html |work=CNN |date=15 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Dissolution===

On January 27, 2024 The National Electoral Council cancelled the movement, leading to the dissolution of the movement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Albán |first1=Alfonso |title=El CNE aprueba la cancelación del movimiento MOVER, antes Alianza PAIS |url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/cne-aprueba-cancelacion-movimiento-mover-alianza-pais-187653.html |work=Expreso |date=28 January 2024 |language=es}}</ref>

== Political project == PAIS occupies the slot of party number 35 on the Ecuadorian ballot. The colours of PAIS are bitter lemon and midnight blue. The slogan for the 2007 elections ''Dale Patria'' translates to "Go Homeland" in English. In 2016, it had an approximate membership of 979,691 people.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=2016-09-06|title=La CC aún no tramita el pedido de aclaración por supuesta estafa|url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/politiko/1/la-cc-aun-no-tramita-el-pedido-de-aclaracion-por-supuesta-estafa|access-date=2021-08-01|website=El Telégrafo|language=es-es}}</ref>

== Election results == === Presidential elections === {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center ! rowspan="2" |'''Election''' ! rowspan="2" |Party candidate !'''Votes''' !'''%''' !'''Votes''' !'''%''' ! rowspan="2" |Result |- ! colspan="2" |First round ! colspan="2" |Second round |- !2006 | rowspan="3" |Rafael Correa |1,246,333 |22.84% |3,517,635 |56.67% |'''Elected''' {{Y}} |- !2009 |3,584,236 |51.99% | colspan="2" | |'''Elected''' {{Y}} |- !2013 |4,918,482 |57.17% | colspan="2" | |'''Elected''' {{Y}} |- !2017 |Lenín Moreno |3,716,343 |39.36% |5,062,018 |51.16% |'''Elected''' {{Y}} |- !2021 |Ximena Peña |142,909 |1.54% | colspan="2" | |'''Lost''' {{N}} |- !2023{{efn|Run as part of the National Democratic Action (ADN) coalition.}} |Daniel Noboa |2,315,296 |23.47% |5,251,695 |51.83% |'''Elected''' {{Y}} |- |}

=== National Assembly elections === {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center !Election !Party leader !Votes !% !'''Seats''' !+/– |- !2009 |rowspan=2 |Rafael Correa |27,751,651 |43.05 |{{Composition bar|59|124|{{party color|PAIS Alliance}}}} |New |- !2013 |45,955,995 |52.30 |{{Composition bar|100|137|{{party color|PAIS Alliance}}}} |{{increase}} 41 |- !2017 | rowspan="2" |Lenin Moreno |3,184,004 |39.07 |{{Composition bar|74|137|{{party color|PAIS Alliance}}}} |{{decrease}} 26 |- !2021 |222,092 |2.77 |{{Composition bar|0|137|{{party color|PAIS Alliance}}}} |{{decrease}} 74 |- !2023{{efn|Run as part of the National Democratic Action coalition.}} |Valentina Centeno |1,219,254 |14.56 |{{Composition bar|14|137|{{party color|MOVER (political party)}}}} |{{increase}} 14 |} {{Notelist}}

===Constituent Assembly elections=== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center !Election !Party leader !Votes !% !'''Seats''' !+/– |- !2007 |Rafael Correa |2,806,004 |69,47 |{{Composition bar|80|130|{{party color|PAIS Alliance}}}} |New |}

== Logos == <gallery> Alianza PAIS 02.svg|Original Logo as PAIS Alliance La revolucion ciudadana Avanza.PNG|Logo of The Citizens' Revolution used from 2011 to 2012 by the PAIS government La35PAIS.svg|PAIS logo under Lenín Moreno </gallery>

== See also == * The Citizens' Revolution

== References == {{reflist}} {{notelist}}

== External links == * [http://www.alianzapais.com.ec/ Official website] of the PAIS Alliance {{in lang|es}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080616095736/http://www.rafaelcorrea.com/ Official website] of the Correa presidency {{in lang|es}} (archived)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pais Alliance}} Category:2006 establishments in Ecuador Category:Democratic socialist parties in South America Category:Ecuadorian nationalism Category:Political parties established in 2006 Category:Political parties in Ecuador Category:São Paulo Forum Category:Social democratic parties in South America Category:Socialist parties in Ecuador