{{Short description|Parking of vehicles outside designated areas}} [[File:Moscow,_Kozitsky_Lane.jpg|thumb|Cars parked on the sidewalk in [[Moscow]]]] '''Overspill parking''' is the [[parking]] of [[vehicle]]s outside of designated areas due to insufficient or inadequate [[parking space]]s. This can have [[unintended consequences]] on the surrounding area. Additional parking may be provided for events or located further away from the intended destination.
Overspill car parking may simply be parking further away from a desired location. It can involve [[parking violation]]s, unauthorised or anti-social parking practices like [[double parking]], parking on verges or [[sidewalk]]s, causing inconvenience to others.
Insufficient, unsuitable, expensive, or undesirable parking may be due to historical lack of provision for private vehicle parking or intentional [[zoning]] policies limiting parking spaces to discourage car use. Overspill parking is common near [[retailing|shops]], [[schools]], [[hospitals]], sports grounds, and [[Train station|train]]/[[metro station]]s. [[Mixed-mode commuting|Commuters]] may park on side streets, verges, or other locations when unable to find parking close to train stations for the day.
Overspill parking can create conflicts with other road users, including motorists, [[emergency vehicles]], cyclists, pedestrians, and vulnerable groups like the [[blindness|blind]], [[wheelchair]], and families with small children. Parking on grass can turn the area to mud in wet weather, while parking on sidewalks can cause damage and increase maintenance costs, prompting the need for preventative measures.
== Reaction == [[File:Overspill car park.jpg|thumb|right|Overspill car park for a shopping centre, accessible from a footbridge.]] [[File:Pavement parking and pedestrians.JPG|thumb|Pedestrians walk near the road to navigate around cars parked on the pavement; [[double yellow lines]] indicate no parking.]] [[File:Bollards and car.JPG|thumb|right|Bollards and brick pillars in a residential area with a car parked diagonally on the pavement.]] [[File:Overspill parking on the grass.JPG|thumb|right|Cars parked on grass in a [[hospital]] parking lot, causing the area to become muddy.]] Policy makers may address overspill parking by accepting it as inevitable,<ref name="Seventh-report">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtran/748/74815.htm|title=Transport (seventh report)|publisher=Parliament|accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref> providing more parking spaces, or implementing legislative or physical measures to control parking locations.<ref name="DfTpavement">{{cite web |title=Pavement parking |url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/tpm/tal/parkingmatters/pavementparking |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408222148/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/tpm/tal/parkingmatters/pavementparking |archive-date=2010-04-08 |accessdate=2009-07-25 |publisher=Department for Transport}}</ref> Design elements like [[Bollard (traffic)|bollards]], high [[kerb (road)|kerbs]], railings, [[Bench (furniture)|benches]], raised planters, and [[street furniture]] can be used to prevent parking on footways.<ref name="DfTpavement" />
Parking restrictions can include limited time periods, specific times of day, and designated user categories. Examples include [[residential zoned parking]], [[Disabled parking permit|disabled parking bays]], [[Parking meter|metered bays]], and no-parking zones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Possible kerb-space management solutions |url=http://www.dartford.gov.uk/roads/kerbmanagement.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221232241/http://www.dartford.gov.uk/roads/kerbmanagement.htm |archive-date=2012-02-21 |accessdate=2009-07-25 |publisher=Dartford Borough Council}}</ref>
In a 1992 referendum in [[Amsterdam]], residents voted to decrease the provision of the city's parking availability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amsterdam - Politics of Sust ainability? |url=http://www.ecoplan.org/politics/general/amsterdam.htm |accessdate=2010-04-09 |work=Ecoplan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beatley |first1=Timothy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wilCClAxO7cC&q=amsterdam+parking+referendum+1992&pg=PA140 |title=Green urbanism: learning from European cities |year=2000 |isbn=9781559636827 |accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref>
=== More parking spaces === Authorities may create additional parking options and guide users to those facilities. For example, [[Chelsea Football Club]] considered overspill parking when developing the 'Chelsea Football Club Academy' for reserve team matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chelsea Football Club Academy Supplementary Transport Statement |url=http://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/pdf_planning_cfcpdf7-2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223234150/http://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/pdf_planning_cfcpdf7-2.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-23 |accessdate=2010-04-01 |publisher=Spelthorne council}}</ref> Similarly, the town of [[Southwold]] offers extra parking during peak summer periods.<ref>{{cite web |title=Car parks |url=http://www.southwold.info/local-info.html |accessdate=2010-04-01 |publisher=Southwold Tourism |quote=An overspill car park, is opened up on the grass land surrounding when the town is busy}}</ref>
=== Information campaigns === Transport authorities often conduct campaigns to raise awareness about the costs and inconveniences of overspill parking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/TransportAndStreets/Parking/ParkingPavements.htm|title=Parking on pavements|publisher=Lewisham Council|accessdate=2010-04-09|archive-date=2010-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004040734/http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/TransportAndStreets/Parking/ParkingPavements.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/roads-transport/highways-pavements/traffic-parking/parking/pavementparkingsafety.asp|title=Pavement parking safety|publisher=Cumbria Council|accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref>
[[Living Streets (UK)|Living Streets]] in the United Kingdom leads a 'Campaign for combat pavement parking', offering suggestions to reduce the issue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Campaign to combat pavement parking |url=http://www.livingstreets.org.uk/take-action/campaigning-in-the-uk/ |accessdate=2010-03-10 |publisher=Living Streets}}</ref>
'Car exclusion zones' around schools during drop-off and collection times are implemented voluntarily or compulsorily to improve pedestrian safety and reduce traffic congestion caused by parents using cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coventry.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/sustainable-transport/schools/stp-initiatives---schools/;jsessionid=a6e74D5nh6-8|title=STP Initiatives - Schools|publisher=Coventry City Council|accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/school-run-exclusion-zone-6653253.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416131312/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23415904-school-run-exclusion-zone.do|url-status=live|archive-date=April 16, 2011|title=School run exclusion zone|work=This is London|date=2007-10-10|access-date=2010-04-01}}</ref>
[[Streetfilms]] has created videos showcasing pedestrian issues, benefits of addressing them, and potential solutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cars and parking section |url=http://www.streetfilms.org/category/cars-parking/ |accessdate=2010-03-30 |work=Streetfilms}}</ref>
==Regional issues== ===United Kingdom=== In June 2006, the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] [[Transport Select Committee]] released a report on 'Parking Policy and Enforcement'.<ref name="Seventh-report" /> The report highlighted the issue of pavement parking, especially near schools, hospitals, and on corners, junctions, and bus stops. It criticised the [[Department for Transport]] for its perceived 'do-nothing' attitude and said that the government "must grip the problem of pavement parking once and for all and ensure that it is outlawed throughout the country".<ref name="Seventh-report" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *[http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/ppg13 Planning Policy Guidance 13] Official UK planning policy covering the issue of overspill parking. *[http://www.gos.gov.uk/goee/docs/Planning/Regional_Planning/Regional_Spatial_Strategy/EE_Plan1.pdf East of England Spatial Strategy] Includes Regional transport Strategy which outlines the official parking strategy for the [[East of England]]. See policy T14. *[http://www.livingstreets.org.uk/take-action/campaigning-in-the-uk/ P0110Parking.pdf] - A comprehensive summary from the perspective of a pedestrian advocacy group in the UK ([[Living Streets (UK)|Living Streets]]). (registration required)
[[Category:Parking]] [[Category:Transportation planning]]