Overbrook, Philadelphia

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Use American English|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox settlement | background_color=    |image_skyline=Overbrook Farms 1.JPG |imagesize= |image_caption=House in Overbrook Farms |image_flag= |name=Overbrook |settlement_type = [[List of Philadelphia neighborhoods|Neighborhood of Philadelphia]]   |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]] |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]] |subdivision_type3 = City |subdivision_name3 = [[Philadelphia]]  | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Philadelphia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | coordinates = {{Coord|39.988|-75.250|format=dms|display=title}}  |postal_code_type= |postal_code= |area_codes=[[Area codes 215, 267, and 445|215, 267, and 445]] }}

[[File:Overbrook High School.JPG|thumb|right|[[Overbrook High School (Philadelphia)|Overbrook High School]] at 59th Street and Lancaster Avenue]] '''Overbrook''' is a historic [[neighbourhood|neighborhood]] of [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. It is situated in the northwest of [[West Philadelphia]].

The area's housing ranges from large, old homes to rowhouses to three- and four-story apartment buildings.

==Physical setting== Overbrook lies in the northwest of [[West Philadelphia]], surrounded by [[Wynnefield, Philadelphia|Wynnefield]] to the east, [[Carroll Park, Philadelphia|Carroll Park]] to the south, and [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery County]] to the north.<ref name="DVRPCmap">{{cite web |title=Philadelphia Neighborhoods |url=https://www.dvrpc.org/webmaps/pin/index.htm |website=Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref> The neighborhoods of [[Overbrook Farms, Philadelphia|Overbrook Farms]], [[Morris Park, Philadelphia|Morris Park]] and [[Overbrook Park, Philadelphia|Overbrook Park]] are often considered to be part of Overbrook, but in many city documents they are considered separate from the neighborhood proper, which in a 2004 map from the [[City Planning Commission (Philadelphia)|Philadelphia City Planning Commission]] was narrowly defined as bounded by North 63rd Street to the west, Lansdowne Avenue to the south, and [[SEPTA|SEPTA's]] regional rail tracks to the northeast.<ref name="philaplanning.org">{{cite web|title=The Political and Community Service Boundaries of Philadelphia|url=http://www.philaplanning.org/data/boundaries.pdf|page=39|date=June 2004|access-date=2011-03-11|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307203302/http://www.philaplanning.org/data/boundaries.pdf|archive-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> A map produced by the [[Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission]] and [[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] places the boundaries of the neighborhood at the west branch of [[Indian Creek (Cobbs Creek tributary)|Indian Creek]] to the west, Lansdowne Avenue to the south, 54th Street to the east, and the city limit at City Line Avenue to the north.<ref name="DVRPCmap" /> Any definition places the neighborhood in close proximity to [[Overbrook High School (Philadelphia)|Overbrook High School]], the [[Overbrook School for the Blind]], the [[Overbrook station|Overbrook SEPTA Station]], and Overbrook Avenue.

The neighborhood gets its name from Overbrook station, where the tracks run "over the brook" of [[Mill Creek (Philadelphia)|Mill Creek]], one of two creeks that run thorough the neighborhood. Mill Creek enters a [[culvert]] in Montgomery County close to the station and flows underground through the center of the neighborhood and beyond before emptying into the [[Schuylkill River]]. [[Indian Creek (Cobbs Creek tributary)|Indian Creek]] runs primarily above ground through Morris Park before emptying into [[Cobbs Creek]].<ref name="waterhistoryphl.org">{{cite web |last1=Levine |first1=Adam |title=Overbrook, as it was |url=https://waterhistoryphl.org/articles/overbrook-as-it-was/ |website=Water History PHL |access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==History== The land that would become Overbrook, along with the rest of Philadelphia, made up part of the vast [[Northeastern coastal forests]] inhabited by the [[Lenape]] people. European settlers moved inland from the [[Delaware River]] in the 17th century,<ref name="waterhistoryphl.org" /> including [[Welsh Americans|Welsh settlers]] who acquired land in the areas west of Philadelphia in the 1680s, establishing farms and mills. Several large farms owned by Welsh farmers in the Western Liberties would later become the neighborhood of Overbrook.<ref name="upenn-collab">{{cite web |last1=Puckett |first1=John L. |title=Overbrook |url=https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/overbrook |website=West Philadelphia Collaborative History |publisher=UPenn GSE |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref>

The agricultural lands near Indian and Mill Creek in 1704 became part of [[Blockley Township, Pennsylvania|Blockley Township]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rea |first1=S.M. |last2=Miller |first2=J. |title=Map of Blockley Township, by Rea and Miller |url=https://westphillyhistory.archives.upenn.edu/maps/1849-map-rea-miller |website=West Philadelphia Community History Center |publisher=University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> and in 1795 were connected to Philadelphia via the [[Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike]], what is today [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|Lancaster Avenue]]. The construction of the [[Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad]], also known as the Main Line, further connected the area to the city. This line was later incorporated into the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] and in 1860 [[Overbrook station]] was opened<ref name="upenn-collab-rail">{{cite web |last1=Puckett |first1=John L. |title=Railroads and Trolleys in Overbrook |url=https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/railroads-and-trolleys-overbrook |website=West Philadelphia Collaborative History |publisher=UPenn GSE |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> and named after Mill Creek, which the tracks ran over.<ref name="waterhistoryphl.org" />

The first residential development in the Overbrook area was the construction of the planned suburb of [[Overbrook Farms]] from the 1890s through the 1920s. In 1892, the investment bank Drexel & Company, led by [[Anthony Joseph Drexel]], began buying up agricultural land near Overbrook station. Working with the architects Herman Wendell and Walter Bassett Smith, they began the construction of what was billed as a "suburb deluxe" for middle to upper-class families hoping to leave the city. The neighborhood had its own water system, steam heat (from the Overbrook Steam Heat Company), and electricity (from the Overbrook Electric Company), and was well connected to the city with trains running every half hour.<ref name="upenn-collab-farms">{{cite web |last1=Puckett |first1=John L. |title=Overbrook Farms |url=https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/overbrook-farms |website=West Philadelphia Collaborative History |publisher=UPenn GSE |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="OverbrookFarmsClub">{{cite web |title=Historical Significance |url=https://www.overbrookfarmsphila.org/new-page |website=Overbrook Farms Club |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref> Overbrook Farms was designated a "historic district" in 2019 by the Philadelphia Historical Commission.<ref name="phila-historic-districts">{{cite web |title=Philadelphia Historic Districts |url=https://www.phila.gov/documents/philadelphia-historic-districts/ |website=City of Philadelphia |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

==Architecture== {{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}} Overbrook developed in various stages between 1900 and 1960. The dominant housing type is the [[Terraced house|row house]], present in a wide variety of styles. Built during the early twentieth century when trolley lines were allowing middle-class Philadelphians to move out from more crowded row house communities, Overbrook was a community of choice at that time. Outside of Overbrook Farms, most of the houses in the Overbrook area date from between 1915 and 1930, when the Great Depression halted new construction nationally and locally.

In addition to rowhouses, there are a number of twin (semi-detached) houses. These semi-detached homes have two or three floors and typically are over {{convert|2000|sqft}} in size. Prime examples of typical Overbrook twin houses are along Wynnewood Road from Haverford Avenue to Malvern Avenue, North 64th Street between Lansdowne and Lebanon Avenues, or Nassau Road between North 61st and 63rd Streets. There are very few detached single-family homes in Overbrook. Single homes typically pre-date the construction of most of Overbrook's housing or came into existence on select lots after the construction of most of the rowhouses and twin houses. For example, one will see a few single-family homes on Wynnewood Road near Columbia Avenue. A large stone home remains this intersection. This home once sat on acres of land that the owner(s) sold off to developers who then constructed twin houses and rowhouses. The vast majority of the single-family, detached homes in the Overbrook area are in the [[Overbrook Farms, Philadelphia|Overbrook Farms]] neighborhood.

==Demographics== Demographic information for [[ZIP Code]] 19151 covers Overbrook and [[Morris Park, Philadelphia|Morris Park]] as well as parts of [[Carroll Park, Philadelphia|Carroll Park]].<ref name="pwd">{{cite web |title=19151 |url=https://water.phila.gov/projects/zip/19151/ |website=Philadelphia Water Department |publisher=City of Philadelphia |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref> This ZIP Code as a whole is sometimes referred to as ''Overbrook''.<ref name="pew2011">{{cite web |author1=The Philadelphia Research Initiative |title=A City Transformed |url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/reports/philadelphia_research_initiative/PhiladelphiaPopulationEthnicChangespdf.pdf |website=The Pew Charitable Trusts |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref> Major trends identified in 2011 were an increase in the [[African American]] population and a drop in the [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] population from 1990 to 2010, a change which took place primarily in the 1990s.<ref name="pew2011" />

{| class="wikitable" |+ Demographics of ZIP Code 19151 |- ! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Race & Ethnicity]] !! 1990<ref name="pew2011" /> !! 2010<ref name="pew2011" /> !! 2020<ref name="census2020">{{cite web |title=ZCTA 19151 |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/19151?g=860XX00US19151 |website=United States Census Bureau |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref> |- | [[African American|Black (Non-Hispanic)]] || 13,386 ''43.6%'' || 24,656 ''82.7%'' || 25,834 ''85%'' |- | [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || 16,004 ''52.2%'' || 3,175 ''10.6%'' || 2,387 ''7.9%'' |- | [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic/Latino (any race)]] || 449 || 820 || 979 |- | Other || 828 || 1,181 || 1,194 |- | '''Total''' || '''30,667''' || '''29,832''' || '''30,394''' |}

==Landmarks== [[File:Overbrook School for Blind.JPG|thumb|right|[[Overbrook School for the Blind]]]] Overbrook, while overwhelmingly residential in character, does have several notable landmark buildings and institutions.

===Natural=== * [[Mill Creek (Philadelphia)|Mill Creek]] - runs underground starting near Overbrook station * [[Indian Creek (Cobbs Creek tributary)]] - runs through Morris Park * [[Cobbs Creek|Cobbs Creek Park]] – forms southern border of Overbrook section, undergoing restoration in many places

===Educational=== [[File:Phila FLP Haddington01.jpg|thumb|right|Haddington Branch]] * [[Overbrook Elementary School]] – 2032 N. 62nd St., listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> * [[Overbrook High School (Philadelphia)|Overbrook High School]] – 59th and Lancaster, listed on the National Register of Historic Places<ref name="nris"/> * [[Overbrook School for the Blind]] – Malvern Avenue near 64th, landmark campus sporting Spanish Revival architecture * [[Lewis C. Cassidy School]]/Academics Plus School, 6523 Lansdowne Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19151, listed on the National Register of Historic Places<ref name="nris"/> * Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School and Church – 63rd and Lancaster, historic grade school attended by actor [[Will Smith]]<ref name="Iannucci">{{cite book |last=Iannucci |first=Lisa |date=2010 |title=Will Smith: A Biography |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |pages=4–10 |isbn=9780313376108}}</ref> * The [[Free Library of Philadelphia]] Haddington Branch serves Overbrook-Morris Park.<ref>"[http://libwww.freelibrary.org/branches/branch.cfm?loc=HAD Haddington Branch]." [[Free Library of Philadelphia]]. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref>

===Religious=== * [[African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas]] - 6361 Lancaster Avenue * [[Mosque of Shaikh M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen]] * [[Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia]] * [[St. Donato Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)|St. Donato Roman Catholic Church]] * [[Overbrook Presbyterian Church]] at the corner of Lancaster Avenue and City Avenue, first constructed in 1889<ref>{{cite web |title=1889: Overbrook Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, PA |url=https://www.history.pcusa.org/blog/2012/08/1889-overbrook-presbyterian-church-philadelphia-pa |website=Presbyterian Historical Society |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

==Overbrook in media== Entertainer [[Will Smith]], who attended [[Overbrook High School (Philadelphia)|Overbrook High School]], named his production company, [[Overbrook Entertainment]], after the neighborhood.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== {{Portal|Philadelphia|Pennsylvania}} {{commons category|Overbrook, Philadelphia}} * [http://www.overbrookfarmsclub.org/ Overbrook Farms Club website] * [http://westphillydata.library.upenn.edu/infoR_Neigh_Overbrook.htm InfoResources West Philadelphia Neighborhood - Overbrook] * [https://waterhistoryphl.org/articles/overbrook-as-it-was/ Overbrook, as it was] focused on changes in the Overbrook area watershed and natural landscape * [http://www.obs.org/ Overbrook School for the Blind website]

[[Category:Overbrook, Philadelphia| ]] [[Category:Neighborhoods in Philadelphia]] [[Category:Philadelphia Main Line]]