{{short description|Austrian swimmer (1889–1956)}} {{Infobox swimmer | name = Otto Scheff | image = File:ScheffOttoOlympian.png | image_size = 180px | alt = | caption = Scheff as a youth | birth_name = | full_name = Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Scheff | occupation = Attorney, politician<br>Sports Official | nickname = | national_team = Austria | birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|12|12}} | birth_place = Berlin, German Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|10|26|1889|12|12}} | death_place = Maria Enzersdorf, Austria | height = <!-- "X cm (yyyy)" or "X ft Y in (yyyy)" --> | weight = <!-- "X kg (yyyy)" or "X lb (yyyy)" --> | spouse = | website = | strokes = Freestyle | classification = | club = Wiener Athletiksport Club | collegeteam = | coach = | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry | {{flag|Austrian Empire}} }} {{MedalCompetition | Olympic Games }} {{MedalBronze | 1908 London | 400 m freestyle }} {{MedalCompetition | Intercalated Games }} {{MedalGold | 1906 Athens | 400 m freestyle }} {{MedalBronze | 1906 Athens | 1 mile }} }}
'''Otto Scheff''', born '''Otto Sochaczewsky''' (December 12, 1889 – October 26, 1956) was an Austrian freestyle swimmer, water polo player, lawyer, politician, and sports official who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games, and both the 1908, and 1912 Summer Olympics. He later worked as an attorney in Vienna, served in the National Council of Austria,<ref name="Otto" /> and was the vice-president of the Austrian Olympic Committee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Otto Scheff|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sc/otto-scheff-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165055/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sc/otto-scheff-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Otto">{{cite web|title=Otto Scheff - Austria's youngest Olympian winner|url=http://www.olympia.at/museum/main.asp?VID=1&kat1=13&kat2=142&kat3=&MBIOPID=1238&MBIOTID=322|website=olympia.at|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref>
Scheff was born in Berlin on September 12, 1889 into the family of Jewish writer Heinrich Sochaczewsky, who published under the pseudonym Victor von Falk. Scheff grew up in Wien (Vienna), Austria, soon distinguishing himself globally as the top middle-distance freestyler in the era of the trudgeon stroke, prior to the broad introduction of the Australian crawl. He swam for the Wiener Athletiksport Club. He first gained international recognition in 1905 at the international tournament held in Paris, then known as the World Championships, where he placed third in the 500-m freestyle behind British swimmers David Billington and Eric Forsyth.<ref name=Olympedia>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45399|title=olympedia Biography, Otto Scheff|website=Olympedia|access-date=August 23, 2025}}</ref>
==Records== Scheff set a long course European and World record of 2:31.6 in the 200-meter freestyle on 11 November 1908 in Vienna, Austria that held through 12 December 1924. His 200-meter record held as a world record that held through 9 September 1910.<ref name=Olympedia/>
From 1906-1908, Scheff established a total of four world records. He set the world record in the 1000 meter freestyle in 1908, which held through 1912 when it was broken by Canadian Hall of Fame swimmer George Hodgson.<ref name=Olympedia/><ref name=ISHOF>{{cite web|url=https://ishof.org/honoree/honoree-otto-scheff/|title=International Swimming Hall of Fame, Otto Scheff|website=oshof.org|access-date=August 23, 2025}}</ref>
He was attending school in 1906 when the Austrian Olympic Committee intervened in his schooling to allow him three weeks leave to compete in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens.<ref name="Otto" />
===1906 Intercalated Games=== At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, he competed in three events, beginning with the 1 mile freestyle race, a single heat where Scheff won the bronze medal behind gold medalist Henry Taylor and silver medalist John Arthur Jarvis both part of the British team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's One Mile Freestyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-one-mile-freestyle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165119/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-one-mile-freestyle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref>
Scheff subsequently won the gold medal by a two second margin in the 400 metre freestyle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's 400 metres Freestyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-400-metres-freestyle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165217/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-400-metres-freestyle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> He swam as part of the 4×250 metre freestyle relay team, which did not complete the event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's 4 × 250 metres Freestyle Relay|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-4-x-250-metres-freestyle-relay.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165215/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1906/SWI/mens-4-x-250-metres-freestyle-relay.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref>
===1908 Olympics=== Two years later he was in London for the 1908 Summer Olympics, and again entered three events.<ref name=Olympedia/>
In the 400 metre freestyle he won another bronze medal with a time of 5:46.0 after once again placing behind British swimmer Henry Taylor who took gold with a 5:36.8.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's 400 metres Freestyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-400-metres-freestyle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165220/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-400-metres-freestyle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> He reached the semi-finals of the 1500 metre freestyle swimming a 24:25.4 in the second semi-final heat, but didn't complete the final, where British swimmer Henry Taylor, with a time of 22:48.4 again took the gold medal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's 1,500 metres Freestyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-1500-metres-freestyle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165218/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-1500-metres-freestyle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> He qualified for the semi-finals of the 100 metre freestyle, by swimming a 1:11.4 in his preliminary heat, but did not swim in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Freestyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-100-metres-freestyle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165425/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/SWI/mens-100-metres-freestyle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref>
===1912 Stockholm Olympics=== Scheff trained Austria's 1912 women's Olympic swim team that won the bronze medal with a combined time of 6:27.0 in the 4×100 m freestyle behind the gold medal British and silver medal German team. The Austrian women's relay team was composed of Klara Milch, Josephine Sticker, Margarete Adler and Berta Zahourek, who were considered the most accomplished Austrian women's swimmers prior to the first World War.<ref name=OBL>{{cite web|url=https://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_A/Adler_Margarete_1896_1990.xml|title=Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities, Austrian Biographical Dictionary, Adler, Margarete|website=www.giographien.ac.at|access-date=August 23, 2025}}</ref>
At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm Scheff participated in the water polo tournament as part of the Austrian team which finished in fourth place.<ref name="polo">{{cite web|title=1912 - Olympic Games in Stockholm|url=http://www.h2opolo.be/geschiedenis/WP_1912_OS.html|website=h2opolo.be|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> He was scheduled to participate in the 100 and 400-meter freestyle, but did not swim in his preliminary heat.<ref name=Olympedia/>
===Later life=== Scheff attended the University of Vienna, graduating in 1913 with a law degree, and enjoyed a successful career practicing law as a Viennese attorney.<ref name=Olympedia/>
From 1945 to 1953 he served in the National Council of Austria as a member of the Austrian People's Party,<ref name="Otto" /> and served as the vice-president of the Austrian Olympic Committee.<ref name="Otto" />
He died at Maria Enzersdorf in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45399 |title=Otto Scheff |work=Olympedia |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref>
His daughter Gertraud Scheff was already qualified for the 1940 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, when the games were cancelled.<ref name="Otto" />
===Honors=== Scheff was inducted to the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1988.<ref name=Olympedia/>
In his honor, Mödling, 15 km South of Vienna, named a street "Dr. Otto Scheff-Weg".<ref name="polo" />
==See also== * List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame * List of select Jewish swimmers * World record progression 200 metres freestyle
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== <!-- * [http://www.oeoc.at/museum/main.asp?VID=1&kat1=13&kat2=142&kat3=&MBIOPID=1238&MBIOTID=322 Profile with picture] {{in lang|de}} --> * {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221201421/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=SCHEFOTT01 |date=February 21, 2007 |title=Otto Scheff at databaseOlympics.com}} * {{SR/Olympics profile|sc/otto-scheff-1}} *{{sports links}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scheff, Otto}} Category:1889 births Category:1956 deaths Category:Swimmers from Berlin Category:Water polo players from Berlin Category:20th-century Austrian Jews Category:Austrian male freestyle swimmers Category:Austrian male water polo players Category:Jewish swimmers Category:Olympic swimmers for Austria Category:Olympic water polo players for Austria Category:Swimmers at the 1906 Intercalated Games Category:Swimmers at the 1908 Summer Olympics Category:Water polo players at the 1912 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Austria Category:World record setters in swimming Category:Olympic bronze medalists in swimming Category:Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics Category:Medalists at the 1906 Intercalated Games