{{Short description|Cultural and poetic event in China}} {{Use shortened footnotes|date=April 2023}} [[Image:Meandering Stream at Lan-ting Yamamoto Jakurin Hanging scroll color on silk.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The ''Orchid Pavilion Gathering'' as depicted in an 18th-century Japanese painting]] The '''Orchid Pavilion Gathering''' of 353 CE, also known as the '''Lanting Gathering''', was a cultural and poetic event during the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)]] of the [[Six Dynasties]] era, in China. This event itself has a certain inherent and poetic interest in regard to the development of landscape poetry and the philosophical ideas of [[Zhuang Zhou|Zhuangzi]].<ref>Chang, 6</ref> The gathering at the Orchid Pavilion is also famous for the artistry of the calligraphy of [[Wang Xizhi]],<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635359/Wang-Xizhi Wang Xizhi]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref> who was both one of the participants as well as the author and calligrapher of the ''[[Lantingji Xu]]'' (''Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion''). Sun Chuo also wrote a preface, which is somewhat less famous.<ref>Swartz, 278</ref>

The Orchid Pavilion Gathering of 42 literati included [[Xie An]] and Sun Chuo<ref>Yip, 137</ref> and Wang Pin-Chih at the Orchid Pavilion (''Lanting'') on [[Mount Kuaiji]] just south of [[Kuaiji]] (present-day [[Shaoxing]] in [[Zhejiang]]), during the [[Shangsi Festival|Spring Purification Festival]], on the third day of the third month, to compose poems and drink [[huangjiu]]. The gentlemen engaged in a drinking contest known as "[[Winding stream party|floating goblets]]" ({{lang-zh|t=流觴|p=liúshāng|labels=no}}): rice wine cups were floated down a small winding creek as the men sat along its banks; whenever a cup stopped, the man closest to the cup was required to empty it and write a poem. In the end, twenty-six of the participants composed thirty-seven poems.

==Modern influence== Aside from reproductions of the ''[[Lantingji Xu]]'', other influences include the Orchid Pavilion Calligraphy College at [[Shaoxing University]] and [[Jay Chou]]'s recording of a song by [[Vincent Fang (lyricist)|Vincent Fang]] entitled "''Lántīng Xù''" ({{lang|zh-hant|蘭亭序}}, "Orchid Pavilion") from his 9th studio album ''[[Capricorn (Jay Chou album)|Capricorn]]''.

==Scroll copy of "Lantingji Xu"== {{wide image|神龍蘭亭序全.JPG|6000px|dir=rtl|''[[Lantingji Xu]]'' is [[Wang Xizhi]]'s most famous work, which described the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and the meeting of Wang Xizhi and 41 literati friends. The original is lost. Some believed that it was buried with Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty in his mausoleum. This Tang era copy by Feng Chengsu (馮承素), dated between 627–650, is considered the best of all the subsequent copies.<ref name=Alsop>{{cite book|title=The rare art traditions: the history of art collecting and its linked phenomena wherever these have appeared |url=https://archive.org/details/rarearttradition00also|url-access=registration |last=Alsop |first=Joseph |publisher=[[Harper & Row]] |year=1982 |isbn=0-06-010091-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/rarearttradition00also/page/231 231]}}</ref> It is located in the [[Palace Museum]] in Beijing. The scroll is meant to read right to left.}}

==Gallery== The events of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering and the ensuing poems have inspired not only generations of poets, but also painters and other artists. <gallery widths="333" heights="366" perrow="2"> File:Wang Hsichih.jpg|Wang Xizhi ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=王羲之}}) was a Chinese calligrapher, traditionally referred to as the "Sage of Calligraphy" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=書聖}}). This image was carried on the book which is called "Wan hsiao tang-Chu chuang-Hua chuan ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=晩笑堂竹莊畫傳}})" which was published in 1921 ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=民国十年}}). File:LantingXu.jpg|Main text of an early Tang Dynasty copy of Wang Xizhi's ''Lantingji Xu'' by Feng Chengsu ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=馮承素}}), located in the Palace Museum, Beijing. This is considered the best surviving copy.<ref name=Alsop/> Many copies in Chinese history were made from a lost original possibly buried in Emperor Taizong's mausoleum. File:Juran - Xiao Getting the Orchid Pavilion Scroll by Deception.jpg|Juran – Xiao Getting the Orchid Pavilion Scroll by Deception. File:Yan Liben. Xiao Yi Trying to Swipe the Lanting Scroll. National Palace Museum, Taipei.jpg|''Xiao Yi Trying to Swipe the Lanting Scroll'', Song (960–1279) copy of a Tang original painting. File:Jade Mountain MIA 9210313.jpg|Jade Mountain Illustrating the Gathering of Scholars at the Lanting Pavilion, 1790 ([[Minneapolis Institute of Art]]) File:明 錢榖 蘭亭修禊圖 卷-Gathering at the Orchid Pavilion MET DP204432.jpg|明 錢榖 蘭亭修禊圖 卷-"Gathering at the Orchid Pavilion" by [[Qian Gu]], 1560 ([[Metropolitan Museum of Art|MET]] DP204432) </gallery>

==See also== *[[Admonitions Scroll]] *[[History of graphic design]] *[[Juran (painter)]] *[[Lantingji Xu]] *[[Orchidaceae]] *[[Shangsi Festival]] *[[Six Dynasties poetry]] *[[Xie An]] *[[Zhejiang]]

==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===

{{refbegin}} *Chang, H. C. (1977). ''Chinese Literature 2: Nature Poetry''. (New York: Columbia University Press). {{ISBN|0-231-04288-4}} *Kameda-Madar, Kazuko (2021). "An iconology of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering: Image, text, and communities in Tokugawa-era Japan". In Leupp, Gary P.; Tao, De-min (eds.). The Tokugawa World. Abingdon/New York: Routledge. pp.&nbsp;730–746. {{ISBN|978-1-138-93685-0}}. *Kameda-Madar, Kazuko (2022). Imagery of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering: Visualizing Tokugawa Cultural Networks. Japanese Visual Culture. Vol. 22. Leiden/Boston: Brill. {{ISBN|978-90-04-52392-0|978-90-04-52802-4}} *Swartz, Wendy (2012) "Revisiting the Scene of the Party: A Study of the Lanting Collection", ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 132.2 pp.&nbsp;275–300 ([http://asianlanguages.rutgers.edu/images/stories/Faculty_Profile/facultydocs/swartz.lanting%20collection.pdf http://asianlanguages.rutgers.edu/images/stories/Faculty_Profile/facultydocs/swartz.lanting%20collection.pdf]) *Yip, Wai-lim (1997). ''Chinese Poetry: An Anthology of Major Modes and Genres ''. (Durham and London: Duke University Press). {{ISBN|0-8223-1946-2}} {{refend}}

{{Jin dynasty (265–420) topics}}

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[[Category:Poetry festivals in China]] [[Category:Chinese poetry collections]] [[Category:Six Dynasties poetry]] [[Category:353]] [[Category:Cultural festivals in China]] [[Category:Jin dynasty (266–420)]]