Orazak Ismagulov

{{Short description|Kazakh anthropologist (born 1930)}} {{more footnotes needed|date=April 2019}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Orazak Ismagulov | native_name = Оразақ Смағұлұлы | native_name_lang = kk | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name =  | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1930|10|1}} | birth_place = [[Mendykara District]], [[Kostanay Region|Kostanay okrug]], [[Kazakh ASSR]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]], [[The Soviet Union|USSR]] | death_date =  | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship =  | nationality =  | fields = | workplaces = | patrons = | alma_mater = [[Al-Farabi Kazakh National University]] | thesis_title =  | thesis_url =  | thesis_year =  | doctoral_advisor =  | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = [[Ainagül Ismagulovna]] | known_for = being one of the first and only [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[Anthropologist]]s | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[Order of Parasat]]<br /> [[Order of Kurmet]]<br /> [[Medal "20 years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan"]] | signature =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = | spouse =  | partner =  | children = [[Ainagül Ismagulovna]] | mother = | relatives = | honorific_prefix = | father = | parents = | pronounce = | death_cause = | image_upright = | honorific_suffix = | education = }}

'''Orazak Ismagulov''' ({{langx|kk|Оразақ Смағұлұлы|Orazaq Smağūlūly}}; born 1930) is the first and one of the only [[anthropologist]]s of Kazakhstan (alongside his daughter [[Ainagül Ismagulovna]]), a doctor of historical sciences (1984), and a member of the [[Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences]] (1994).

Ismagulov uses anthropological studies of [[ancient]] and modern people as a source of historical information for [[ethnogenesis]] and [[ethnic]] [[history]] of the [[Central Asia]] peoples. This work shed light on the origin of the [[Scythians]], [[Sarmatians]], [[Kangar people|Kangars]], [[Alans]], and other [[Central Asia]] peoples, following the anthropological development from the ancient to the modern times in the Central Asia.

== Biography == Orazak was born in the [[Mendykara District]], [[Kostanay Region]], [[Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic|Kazakh ASSR]] and graduated the Mendykara teacher school in 1950 and the historical faculty of [[Al-Farabi Kazakh National University|the Al-Farabi National University]] in 1955. In the year 1956, worked as a teacher. Next year, worked in the [[Shoqan Walikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology]] ([[:ru:Институт истории и этнологии имени Ч. Ч. Валиханова|ru]]), while also being a trainee in an Almaty Medical Institute. In 1958 he worked at the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of the Moscow State University. In 1958–1961 a post-graduate student of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (scientific adviser G. F. Debets). Since 1965 a senior researcher.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Оразақ Смағұлов: Қазақ – жаратылысы ерекше халық |url=https://egemen.kz/article/164074-orazaq-smaghulov-qazaq-–-dgaratylysy-erekshe-khalyq |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=egemen.kz}}</ref> Between the years 1984 and 1986, Head of the Department of the Code of Historical Monuments of Kazakhstan and the New History of Kazakhstan, since 1989 is the Head of the Laboratory in the [[Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences]].

From 1960, Ismagulov was a permanent participant and a head of anthropological expeditions in [[Kazakhstan]] and beyond: [[India]]n-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] (1974–1975), [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]]-[[Mongolia]]n (1991–1993), [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]]-[[Italy|Italian]] (1993–1994). In the 1993–1994, within the framework of scientific cooperation with the Institute of Anthropology at the Bolonia University in Italy, Ismagulov headed an international project for problems of adaptation of high-mountain [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] populations in respect to ethno-cultural processes in the region.

Ismagulov is the author of about 100 scientific works. Among them a special place takes a compendium of [[monograph]]s for [[Craniology|craniological]] series, genetic markers, and [[Odontology|odontological]] attributes, compiled to establish a [[Genetics|genetic]] continuity between ancient and modern populations of the Middle Asia, integrity of the historical process, study the Kazakh genetic fund, and the sources of its formation, and major historical phases of Kazakhstan local ancient populations and newcoming ethnic groups from [[Central Asia]]. Ismagulov is a frequent lecturer about [[anthropology]] in [[Delhi]], [[California]] and [[Bologna|Bolonia]] universities.

His only known child is his daughter [[Ainagül Ismagulovna|Ainagül Ismagulova Orazaqqyzy]], a person he often works and collaborates with when it comes to research and publishing. He mentioned her as his successor, saying that "our work combined equals a 100 years, we two did a job of a whole institute"

Under his scientific supervision 4 doctors and 3 candidates of sciences were trained. He credits [[Georgy Debets]] ([[:ru:Дебец, Георгий Францевич|rus]]), [[Yakov Roginsky|Yakov Roginskiy]] ([[:ru:Рогинский, Яков Яковлевич|rus]]) and [[Viktor Bunak]] ([[:ru:Бунак, Виктор Валерианович|rus]]) as his tutors.<ref name=":0" />

==Main scientific works==

* Population of Kazakhstan from Bronze Epoch to present: (paleoanthropological research). Alma-Ata, 1970. * Ethnic genetic geography of Kazakhstan: (serological research). Alma-Ata, 1977. * Ethnic anthropology of Kazakhstan: (somatological research). Alma-Ata, 1982. * Ethnic odontology of Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, 1989. (co-author).

==References== * [http://www.unesco.kz/heritagenet/kz/participant/scientists/ismagulov.htm Исмагулов Оразак] {{in lang|ru}} *[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v63n6/970820/970820.web.pdf Trading Genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA Sequences and the Origin of Central Asian Population] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1824–1838, 1998. *[[Jeannine Davis-Kimball]]. "Chieftain or Warrior Priestess" Archaeology, September 1997: 40–41. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050414190022/http://csen.org/Articles_Reivews/GoldMan_review.html Article Review from the Center for the Study of Eurasian Nomads]}}. {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ismagulov, Orazak}} [[Category:Kazakhstani scientists]] [[Category:20th-century anthropologists]] [[Category:Turkologists]] [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:Living people]]