Oocystaceae

{{Short description|Family of algae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Willea apiculata 313689818.jpg | image_caption = ''Willea apiculata'' | taxon = Oocystaceae | authority = Bohlin, 1901<ref name=AB_t4962/> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}

'''Oocystaceae''' is a family of green algae, in the class Trebouxiophyceae.<ref name=AB_t4962>{{AlgaeBase taxon|name=Oocystaceae|id=4962|access-date=2022-03-02}}</ref> Molecular phylogenetic studies mostly (but not always) place the family in the order Chlorellales, as sister to Chlorellaceae.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3389/fevo.2014.00063|doi-access=free |title=New phylogenetic hypotheses for the core Chlorophyta based on chloroplast sequence data |date=2014 |last1=Fučíková |first1=Karolina |last2=Leliaert |first2=Frederik |last3=Cooper |first3=Endymion D. |last4=Škaloud |first4=Pavel |last5=d'Hondt |first5=Sofie |last6=De Clerck |first6=Olivier |last7=Gurgel |first7=Carlos F. D. |last8=Lewis |first8=Louise A. |last9=Lewis |first9=Paul O. |last10=Lopez-Bautista |first10=Juan M. |last11=Delwiche |first11=Charles F. |last12=Verbruggen |first12=Heroen |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=2 |page=63 |bibcode=2014FrEEv...2...63F |hdl=11343/118338 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The type genus is ''Oocystis''.

Members of Oocystaceae are common microalgae in freshwater habitats, and a few occur in semi-saline.<ref name=Liu2018/>

==Description== Members of the family Oocystaceae consist of cells which are solitary or found in colonies of 2, 4, 8, 16, or more. Cells are typically oval to ellipsoidal, sometimes spherical, rhomboid, spindle-shaped or lemon-shaped. Cells, when colonial, may be arranged into coenobia or pseudofilaments. Cells contain multiple chloroplasts of varying morphology—usually parietal, sometimes radial or spongiform, and with or without a pyrenoid. The cell wall is multilayered, often thickened at the poles, and may be smooth, warty or covered in spines.<ref name=Stenclova>{{cite thesis|title=Systematic revision of the family Oocystaceae|last1=Štenclová|first1=Lenka|date=2013|pages=70|location=České Budějovice|publisher=University of South Bohemia}}</ref>

A uniting ultrastructural feature of all members of this family is the multiple-layered cell wall, with the cellulose fibrils in each layer organized perpendicularly to those of adjoining layers.<ref name=Stenclova/>

Reproduction occurs asexually and via the production of multiple autospores. The daughter cells often remain in the expanded mother cell wall.<ref name=Stenclova/>

==Classification== Traditionally, genera and species within Oocystaceae have been separated from each other based on morphology. However, microalgae typically have very few morphological features for classification, and the morphological features may have evolved more than once. Currently, molecular phylogenetics form the basis of species and genera.<ref name=Stenclova/>

Morphologically, there were three subfamilies: Eremosphaeroideae, Lagerheimioideae and Oocystoideae. Molecular data has revised this to the three current subfamilies: Eremosphaeroideae, Makinoelloideae, and Oocystoideae.<ref name=Stenclova/>

==List of genera== {{As of|2022|March}}, AlgaeBase accepted the following genera:<ref name=AB_t4962/> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Amphikrikos'' Korshikov – 6 species * ''Catenocystis'' F.Hindák – 2 species * ''Cerasterias'' Reinsch – 2 species * ''Chodatella'' Lemmermann – 4 species * ''Chodatellopsis'' Korshikov – 1 species * ''Chondrosphaera'' Skuja – 1 species * ''Coenolamellus'' Proshkina-Lavrenko – 1 species * ''Crucigeniella'' Lemmermann – 2 species * ''Cryocystis'' Kol ex Komárek & Fott – 2 species * ''Dactylococcus'' Nägeli – 2 species * ''Dendrocystis'' Iyengar – 1 species * ''Densicystis'' X.Liu, H.Zhu, H.Song, Q.Wang, X.Xiong, C.Wu, G.Liu & Z.Hu – 1 species * ''Didymocystis'' Korshikov – 2 species * ''Droopiella'' Darienko, Rad-Menéndez, C.Campbell & Pröschold – 3 species * ''Ecballocystis'' Bohlin – 9 species * ''Ecballocystopsis'' Iyengar – 5 species * ''Ecdysichlamys'' G.S.West – 5 species * ''Echinocoleum'' C.-C.Jao & K.T.Lee – 3 species * ''Elongatocystis'' L.Krienitz & C.Bock – 1 species * ''Eremosphaera'' De Bary – 8 species * ''Ettliella'' F.Hindák – 1 species * ''Euchlorocystis'' X.Liu, H.Zhu, H.Song, Q.Wang, X.Xiong, C.Wu, G.Liu & Z.Hu – 1 species * ''Fotterella'' R.Buck – 1 species * ''Franceia'' Lemmermann – 12 species * ''Glochiococcus'' De Toni – 1 species * ''Gloeotaenium'' Hansgirg – 2 species * ''Gloxidium'' Korshikov – 1 species * ''Granulocystis'' Hindák – 6 species * ''Granulocystopsis'' Hindák – 6 species * ''Hemichloris'' Tschermak-Woess & Friedmann – 1 species * ''Juranyiella'' Hortobagyi – 1 species * ''Keriochlamys'' Pascher – 1 species * ''Kirchneriellosaccus'' A.K.Islam – 1 species * ''Kufferathiella'' Molinari, Mayta & Guiry – 1 species * ''Lagerheimia'' Chodat – 25 species * ''Lagerheimiella'' {{small|Boedijn}} – 3 species * ''Makinoella'' Okada – 1 species * ''Micracantha'' Korshikov – 1 species * ''Mycacanthococcus'' Hansgirg – 3 species * ''Mycotetraedron'' Hansgirg – 1 species * ''Nephrochlamys'' Korshikov – 6 species * ''Oocystaenium'' Gonzalves & Mehra – 1 species * ''Oocystella'' Lemmermann – 7 species * ''Oocystidium'' Korshikov – 2 species * ''Oocystis'' Nägeli ex A.Braun – 52 species * ''Oocystopsis'' Heynig – 1 species * ''Oonephris'' Fott – 2 species * ''Pachycladella'' P.C.Silva – 3 species * ''Palmellococcus'' Chodat – 3 species * ''Pilidiocystis'' Bohlin – 2 species * ''Planctonema'' Schmidle – 1 species * ''Planctonemopsis'' Liu, Zhu, Liu, Hu & Liu – 1 species * ''Planktosphaerella'' Reisigl – 1 species * ''Pseudobohlina'' Bourrelly – 1 species * ''Pseudochlorococcum'' P.A.Archibald – 2 species * ''Pseudococcomyxa'' Korshikov – 5 species * ''Quadricoccopsis'' X.Liu, H.Zhu, H.Song, B.Liu, Q.Wang, G.Liu & Z.Hu – 3 species * ''Quadricoccus'' Fott – 5 species * ''Rayssiella'' Edelstein & Prescott – 3 species * ''Reinschiella'' De Toni – 1 species * ''Reticulocystis'' X.D.Liu, G.X.Liu & Z.Y. Hu – 1 species * ''Rhombocystis'' Komárek – 3 species * ''Saturnella'' Mattauch & Pascher – 3 species * ''Schizochlamydella'' Korshikov – 1 species * ''Scotiella'' Fritsch – 9 species * ''Selenoderma'' K.Bohlin – 3 species * ''Sestosoma'' Hortobagyi – 1 species * ''Siderocystopsis'' E.M.F.Swale – 4 species * ''Tetrachlorella'' Korshikov – 5 species * ''Thelesphaera'' Pascher – 1 species * ''Trigonidiella'' P.C.Silva – 1 species * ''Trochiscia'' Kützing – 33 species * ''Willea'' Schmidle – 10 species {{div col end}}

==Phylogeny== Phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (note the polyphyly or paraphyly of several genera, in particular the type genus ''Oocystis''):<ref name=Stenclova2017>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1111/jpy.12581|title= Molecular and morphological delimitation and generic classification of the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)|date= 2017|last1= Štenclová|first1= Lenka|last2= Fučíková|first2= Karolina|last3= Kaštovský|first3= Jan|last4= Pažoutová|first4= Marie|journal= Journal of Phycology|volume= 53|issue= 6|pages= 1263–1282|pmid= 28833138|bibcode= 2017JPcgy..53.1263S}}</ref><ref name=Stenclova/><ref name=Liu2018>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/jeu.12455 |title=''Euchlorocystis'' gen. nov. and ''Densicystis'' gen. nov., Two New Genera of Oocystaceae Algae from High-altitude Semi-saline Habitat (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) |date=2018 |last1=Liu |first1=Xudong |last2=Zhu |first2=Huan |last3=Song |first3=Huiyin |last4=Wang |first4=Qinghua |last5=Xiong |first5=Xiong |last6=Wu |first6=Chenxi |last7=Liu |first7=Guoxiang |last8=Hu |first8=Zhengyu |journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=200–210 |pmid=28792654 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/14772000.2019.1690597 |title=Are there any true marine ''Chlorella'' species? Molecular phylogenetic assessment and ecology of marine ''Chlorella'' -like organisms, including a description of ''Droopiella'' gen. nov. |date=2019 |last1=Darienko |first1=Tatyana |last2=Rad-Menéndez |first2=Cecilia |last3=Campbell |first3=Christine |last4=Pröschold |first4=Thomas |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=811–829 |pmid=32256217 |pmc=7077435 |bibcode=2019SyBio..17..811D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/09670262.2020.1751303 |title=Reticulocystis yunnanense gen. Et sp. Nov., a new member of freshwater Oocystaceae algae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) |date=2020 |last1=Liu |first1=Xudong |last2=Wang |first2=Qinghua |last3=Zhu |first3=Huan |last4=Liu |first4=Benwen |last5=Rindi |first5=Fabio |last6=Liu |first6=Guoxiang |last7=Xie |first7=Shulian |last8=Hu |first8=Zhengyu |journal=European Journal of Phycology |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=507–516 |bibcode=2020EJPhy..55..507L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1111/pre.12559|title= Detailed observations of the life history and phylogenetic placements of the freshwater green alga ''Oocystaenium elegans'' (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), with an emended description|date= 2024|last1= Mizobuchi|first1= Aya|last2= Handa|first2= Shinji|last3= Tsubota|first3= Hiromi|journal= Phycological Research|volume= 72|issue= 3|pages= 215–223|bibcode= 2024PhycR..72..215M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.5507/fot.2018.005|title=''Quadricoccopsis'' gen. nov., a new genus of ''Quadricoccus''-like algae in Oocystaceae from China (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)|date= 2018|last1= Liu|first1= Xudong|last2= Zhu|first2= Huan|last3= Song|first3= Huiyin|last4= Liu|first4= Benwen|last5= Wang|first5= Qinghua|last6= Liu|first6= Guoxiang|last7= Hu|first7= Zhengyu|journal= Fottea|volume= 18|issue= 2|pages= 189–199|bibcode=2018Fotte..18..189L |doi-access= free}}</ref>

{{clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:50%; |1= {{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Oocystidium'' |2=''Quadricoccopsis'' }} |2=''Lagerheimia marssonii'' }} |2=''Lagerheimia genevensis'' }} |label2=Spiny clade 1 |2={{clade |1=''Lagerheimia'' ''pro parte'' |2=''Franceia'' }} }} |2= {{clade |1=''Echinocoleum elegans'' |2=''Densicystis'' }} }} |2=''Oocystis rhomboidea'' }} |label2=Granulated clade 2 |2={{clade |1=''Quadricoccus'' |2={{clade |1=''Amphikrikos'' |2=''Schizochlamydella'' |3=''Planctonemopsis'' }} }} }} |2=''Droopiella'' }} |2=''Oocystis parva'' }} |2=''Oocystis heteromucosa'' }} |2=''Oocystis naegelii'' }} |2=''Oocystis'' cf. ''marssonii'' }} |2=''Tetrachlorella alternans'' }} |2=''Oocystis'' sp. }} |2=Granulated clade 1 (''Granulocystis'', ''Siderocystopsis'', etc.) }} |2=''Euchlorocystis'' |label3=Makinoelloideae |3={{clade |1=''Willea''/''Crucigeniella'' |2=''Ecballocystis'' |3=''Makinoella'' |4=''Ecballocystopis'' |5=''Reticulocystis'' |6=''Elongatocystis'' |7=''Oocystis nephrocytioides'' }} |4=''Eremosphaera gigas'' |5=''Neglectella'' |6=''Oocystaenium'' |7=''Eremosphaera viridis'' }} |2=''Tetrastrum'' (incertae sedis) }} |2={{clade |1=''Planctonema'' (incertae sedis) |2=''Psephonema'' (incertae sedis) }} }} |2=Chlorellaceae (outgroup) }} }}

The genera ''Tetrastrum'' and ''Planctonema'' are ''incertae sedis'' taxa: they are sister to the rest of Oocystaceae and may be classified as such, but do not show the characteristic ultrastructure of Oocystaceae.<ref name=Stenclova2017/>

==References== {{Reflist|1}}

Category:Oocystaceae Category:Trebouxiophyceae families