{{Short description|Genus of ferns}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Oleandra distenta kz02.jpg | image_caption = ''Oleandra distenta'' | parent_authority = Ching ex Pic.Serm. | taxon = Oleandra | authority = Cav. | type_species = ''Oleandra neriiformis'' | type_species_authority = Cavanilles | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = * ''Ophiopteris'' <small>Reinwardt 1824</small> * ''Neuronia'' <small>Don 1825</small> }}
'''Oleandra''' is a genus of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family '''Oleandraceae''', which is placed in suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales.<ref name=PPGI/> Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato'' as the subfamily '''Oleandroideae'''.<ref name=ChriChas14/>
The genus contains about 15 species.<ref name=PPGI/> Most are erect ground ferns or scandent epiphytes that start from the ground. The lamina (leafy area of the fronds) are simple or pinnate, and the individual pinnae are articulate to the rachis. The sporangia are contained in discrete round sori in a single row on either side of the midrib of the fronds.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}
==Phylogeny== The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I),<ref name=PPGI/> shows a likely phylogenetic relationship between Oleandraceae and the other families of the clade.
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | External phylogeny<ref name=PPGI/> ! colspan=1 | Internal phylogeny<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |article-number= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261) |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> ! colspan=1 | Other species include: |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Polypodiineae cladogram|family=Oleandraceae}} | {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=''Oleandra'' |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''O. distenta'' <small>Kunze 1851</small> |2={{Clade |1=''O. articulata'' <small>(Swartz) Presl 1836</small> |2={{Clade |1=''O. decurrens'' <small>Maxon 1914</small> |2=''O. pilosa'' <small>Hooker 1840</small> }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''O. neriiformis'' <small>Cavanilles 1799</small> |2=''O. pistillaris'' <small>(Swartz) Christensen 1934</small> }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''O. sibbaldii'' <small>Greville 1848</small> |2=''O. wallichii'' <small>(Hooker) Presl 1836</small> }} |2={{Clade |1=''O. cumingii'' <small>Smith 1841 ex Presl 1851</small> |2=''O. musifolia'' <small>(Blume) Presl 1851</small> }} }} }} }} }} | {{div col|colwidth=18em}} *''O. amazonica'' <small>Miranda & Prado 2021</small> *''O. angusta'' <small>Copeland 1931</small> *†''O. angustifolia'' <small>Friedrich 1884</small> *''O. annetii'' <small>Tardieu 1953</small> *†''O. arctica'' <small>(von Heer 1871) von Heer 1874</small> *''O. australis'' <small>Schwartsburd & Prado 2016</small> *''O. baetae'' <small>Damazio 1906</small> *''O. bradei'' <small>Christ 1909</small> *''O. brasiliana'' <small>Schwartsburd & Prado 2016</small> *''O. coriacea'' <small>Copeland 1912</small> *''O. ejurana'' <small>Adams 1954</small> *''O. guatemalensis'' <small>Maxon 1914</small> *''O. hirta'' <small>Brackenridge 1854</small> *''O. hovenkampii'' <small>Miranda & Schwartsburd 2021</small> *''O. lehmannii'' <small>Maxon 1914</small> *†''O. michelotii'' <small>(Watelet 1865) von Heer 1874</small> *''O. quartziticola'' <small>Schwartsburd & Prado 2016</small> *''O. steyermarkii'' <small>Lellinger ex Miranda & Labiak 2021</small> *''O. undulata'' <small>(Willdenow) Ching 1933</small> *''O. vulpina'' <small>Christensen 1937</small> *''O. welwitschii'' <small>(Baker) Pichi Sermolli 1965</small> *''O. werneri'' <small>Rosenstock 1908</small> *''O. zapatana'' <small>Lellinger 1977</small> {{div col end}} |}
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=ChriChas14>{{Cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |date=2014 |title=Trends and concepts in fern classification |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=113 |issue=9 |pages=571–594 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct299 |pmid=24532607 |pmc=3936591 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free }}</ref> }}
{{Plant classification}} {{Fern classification}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q599928|from2=Q15474808}}
Category:Polypodiales Category:Fern genera Category:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles
{{Polypodiales-stub}}