Ogygiocarella

{{Short description|Extinct genus of trilobites}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil_range|Middle Ordovician}} | image = Ogygiocarella debuchii.jpg | image_caption = ''Ogygiocarella debuchii'' (Brongniart, 1822), from the Meadowtown Formation, Llanvirn Series, Llandeilian Stage, Meadowtown, Shropshire. Length 8.5 cm. | taxon = Ogygiocarella | authority = Harrington & Leanza, 1957 | type_species = ''Asaphus debuchii'' | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = {{Specieslist |O. debuchii|(Brongniart, 1822)<ref>BRONGNIART, A. 1822. ''Les Trilobites''. pp. 1–65, pls. 1–4 ''in'' BRONGNIART, A. & DESMAREST, A. G. ''Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles''. 154 pp., 11 pls. Paris.</ref> |O. angustissima|(Salter, 1865)<ref>SALTER, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian. Silurian and Devonian formations. ''Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society''. '''37''':81–128.</ref> = ''Ogygites angustissima'' }} }}

'''''Ogygiocarella''''' Harrington and Leanza, 1957,<ref>HARRINGTON, H. J. and LEANZA, A. F. 1957. Ordovician trilobites of Argentina. ''Department of Geology, University of Kansas Special Publication'' '''1''':1-276.</ref> is a genus of asaphid trilobites that lived during the Middle Ordovician Period.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trilobites.info/ordasaphida.htm |title=Order Asaphida |author=S. M. GON III |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110106064019/http://www.trilobites.info/ordasaphida.htm |archivedate=6 January 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=JELL |first1=P. A. |last2=ADRAIN |first2=J. M. |date=30 August 2002 |title=Available Generic Names for Trilobites |url=http://www.trilobites.info/generic_names_Jell&Adrain2003.pdf#page=83 |format=PDF |location=Brisbane |journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=413, 466 |issn=0079-8835 }}</ref>

== Etymology == The generic name, ''Ogygiocarella'', refers to "Ogygia", the seventh daughter of Amphion and Niobe, which name is combined with "-care-", from the Greek "akares", meaning short, and finally "-ella", the diminutive form.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

== History == The first written record of a trilobite was by Edward Lhuyd<ref>EDWARD LHWYD. https://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/learning/htmls/lhwyd.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cofk.history.ox.ac.uk/projects/edward-lhwyd/|title=Cultures of Knowledge: An Intellectual Geography of the Seventeenth-Century Republic of Letters » Edward Lhwyd}}</ref> (then-curator of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford) in a letter written (1698) to Dr. Martin Lister and published (1699) in his ''Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia''.<ref>https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/6fe56b33-780b-4834-bd9e-4df9eacbdb19</ref> The letter was accompanied by a page of etchings of fossils,<ref name="McKay">{{cite web|author= John J. McKay|title= The first trilobite |date= 22 November 2011 |url= http://johnmckay.blogspot.nl/2011/11/first-trilobite.html|publisher= OhioLINK ETD Center |accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref> one of which was found by him near Llandeilo, probably on the grounds of Lord Dynefor's Castle. One etching (the 15th) figured a fossil described as the "… Sceleton [sic] of some Flat-Fish …" .<ref>{{citation|last= FORTEY|first= R. A.|authorlink = Richard Fortey| year=2000|title= Trilobite! Eyewitness to Evolution|publisher= Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn= 9780375706219}}</ref> and is sufficiently detailed to be now identified as the trilobite ''Ogygiocarella debuchii''. left|thumb|Etching of ''O. debuchii'' by Rev. Edward Lhwyd, made in 1698

== Type species == '''''Asaphus debuchii'' Brongniart''' (1822, pp. 20, 143, pl. ii, fig. 2A).

Whittard (1964, pp. 255-6)<ref>WHITTARD W. F. 1964. The Ordovician trilobites of the Shelve Inlier, West Shropshire, part VII. ''Palaeontogr. Soc.'' (''Monogr.''), 229-264, pls. XXXIV-XLV. pp. 261 – 262.</ref><ref>WHITTARD W. F. https://earthalumni.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/history/1937-1966-walter-f-whittard/</ref> wrote: "Harrington and Leanza (1957, pp. 160-1) state that ''Asaphus debuchianus'' is the type species which was described and figured by Brongniart (1822); the specific name in this form was not used by Brongniart in the 1822 publication, but he used ''A. debuchii'' instead". The somewhat confused nomenclatorial history regarding the type species of ''Ogygiocarella'' was further discussed and clarified by Whittard (''op. cit.'').

== Distribution == '''The genus ''Ogygiocarella'' presently appears to be confined to Wales and Shropshire''', '''England''', first occurring in the Lower Llandeilian Stage<ref>LLANDEILIAN STAGE https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/bdd086fd-5c0f-450b-b00b-bb7f16a760b4/gcr-block-description-41-ldo.pdf</ref> as developed at Llandeilo in Wales and disappearing in the lowest Caradoc Series graptolite zone of ''Nemagraptus gracilis'' in Shropshire (Whittard, 1964, PP. 256-7).

Only two almost identical species of ''Ogygiocarella'' are currently recognized, namely ''O. debuchii'' and ''O, angustissima'' and differentiation of the two relies on the presence and preservation of their pygidia.

'''''O. debuchii'' (Brongniart)''' is the most common trilobite species to occur within the Ordovician Shelve inlier, Shropshire, appearing in the middle part of the Meadowtown Formation<ref>MEADOWTOWN FORMATION.https://geoguide.scottishgeologytrust.org › page</ref> (Llanvirn Series/Llandeilian Stage – ''Glyptograptus teretiusculus'' Zone) and persisting into the overlying Rorrington Shale Formation (''Nemagraptus gracilis'' Zone) where it is much less abundant. '''The species is characterised by eleven pairs of pygidial pleural ribs''', although a twelfth vestigial pair is sometimes evident.

thumb|Pygidium of ''O. angustissima'' (Salter), from the Caradoc Series of Ridgebourne, Llandrindod Wells, Powys, Wales. Large external mould showing thirteen rib count. - 102mm x 56mm.'''''O. angustissima'' (Salter)''', on the other hand, is actually rare In Shropshire and confined to the upper part of the Meadowtown Formation (''teretiusculus'' Zone). Within the Builth-Llandrinod inlier of mid-Wales, however, the species occurs slightly higher stratigraphically and is commonly associated with ''Nemagraptus gracilis'' within the lowest Caradoc Series. ''O. angustissima'', differs from ''O. debuchii'' in having '''mainly thirteen instead of eleven ribs in the pygidium''', and with a fourteenth pair faintly indicated in some specimens.

''Ogygiocarella'' cf. ''angustissima'' (Salter) is recorded from the Caerhys Shale Formation (Llandeilian – ''teretiusculus'' Zone) in the main part of Porth Gain Slate Quarry, Abereiddy Bay, Pembrokeshire, Southwest Wales.<ref>OWENS R. M. ''in'' RUSHTON, A. W. A., OWEN, A. W., OWENS, R. M. and PRIGMORE, J. K. 2000. ''British Cambrian to Ordovician Stratigraphy''. Geological Conservation Review Series No. 18, JNCC, Peterborough; Chapter '''8''', ''Arenig to Ashgill in South Wales'', p. 143. https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/56c357e8-4c4c-4214-b036-3be3395a146b/gcr-v18-british-cambrian-to-ordovician-stratigraphy-c8.pdf</ref>

== Description == ''Ogygiocarella'' has a very flat calcified dorsal exoskeleton, with an oval outline (about 1½× longer than wide). The headshield (or cephalon) is 2½× wider than long, and of equal size as the tailshield (or pygidium), a state called isopygeous. Both are semicircular. The backcorners of the cephalon end in so-called genal spines that stick backwards approximately to the 6th thorax segment. The central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) has 4 pairs of furrows and expands in front of the eyes. The eyes are small, close to the glabella and in the rear half of the cephalon. The dorsal facial sutures, that split when moulding, arch from the front of the eye and pass in front of the glabella. The suture follows the top of the visual surface, as in all trilobites, and from there cut backwards and outwards at approximately 45° to reach the posterior margin of the cephalon approximately halfway between the glabella and the lateral border. As usual for members of the family Asaphidae, it has 8 articulating segments in the middle part of the body (or thorax). The axis is about half as wide as the ribs (or pleurae) to each of the sides. In the thorax the axis tapers slightly towards the back. In the pygidium the axis tapers stronger and terminates a short distance from the margin in a roundish endpiece. It has 10-14 ribs on each side of the axis, which fade-out in the border that is as wide as the axis.<ref>{{cite journal|first= C. P.|last= HUGHES|year= 1979|title= The Ordovician trilobite faunas of the Builth-Llandrindod Inlier, central Wales. Part. 3|journal= Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology|volume= 32|pages= 109–181|url= http://biostor.org/reference/118651}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{Cite web |url=http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ug7s-ktu/e_349.htm |title=Ogygiocarella angustissima |publisher=Shinichi Kato }}

Category:Asaphidae Category:Asaphida genera Category:Fossils of Wales Category:Ordovician trilobites