{{Short description|Term in biology}} {{italic title}} {{wikt|officinalis|officinale}} '''''Officinalis''''', '''''officinale''''', or occasionally '''''officinarum''''' is a Medieval Latin epithet denoting organisms—mainly plants—with uses in medicine, herbalism, manufacturing, and cookery. It commonly occurs as a specific epithet, the second term of a two-part botanical name. '''''Officinalis''''' is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while '''''officinale''''' is used for neuter nouns.
==Etymology== The word {{lang|la|officinalis}} literally means 'of or belonging to an {{wikt-lang|la|officīna}}', the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept.<ref>{{cite book |author=Stearn, William T.|author-link=William Thomas Stearn |title=Botanical Latin |publisher=Timber Press (OR) |year=2004 |page=456 |isbn=0-88192-627-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0hZvTFJUioC&pg=PA456}}</ref> {{lang|la|Officīna}} was a contraction of {{lang|la|opificīna}}, from {{wikt-lang|la|opifex}} (gen. {{lang|la|opificis}}) 'worker, maker, doer' (from {{lang|la|opus}} 'work') + {{wikt-lang|la|-fex}}, {{wikt-lang|la|-ficis}}, 'one who does', from {{lang|la|facere}} 'do, perform'.<ref>Online Etymology Dictionary, entry [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=officinalis&searchmode=none "officinalis"], accessed May 3, 2010.</ref> When Linnaeus invented the binomial system of nomenclature, he gave the specific name ''officinalis'', in the 1735 (1st Edition) of his {{lang|la|Systema Naturae}}, to plants (and sometimes animals or fungi) with an established medicinal, culinary, or other use.<ref>Pearn J.,"On 'officinalis' the names of plants as one enduring history of therapeutic medicine. ''Vesalius''. 2010 Dec;Suppl:24-8 Authors:</ref>
==Species== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *''Alpina officinarum'' (Galangal) *''Althaea officinalis'' (Marshmallow) *''Anchusa officinalis'' (Bugloss) *''Asparagus officinalis'' (Asparagus) *''Avicennia officinalis'' (Mangrove) *''Betonica officinalis'' (Betony) syn. ''Stachys officinalis'' *''Bistorta officinalis'' (European Bistort) *''Borago officinalis'' (Borage) *''Buddleja officinalis'' (Pale Butterflybush) *''Calendula officinalis'' (Pot Marigold) *''Cinchona officinalis'' (Quinine) *''Cochlearia officinalis'' (Scurvygrass) *''Corallina officinalis'' (Coral Weed (seaweed)) *''Cornus officinalis'' (Cornelian Cherry) *''Cyathula officinalis'' (Oxe knee) *''Cynoglossum officinale'' (Houndstongue) *''Euphrasia officinalis'' (Eyebright) *''Fumaria officinalis'' (Fumitory) *''Galega officinalis'' (Goat's Rue) *''Gratiola officinalis'' (Hedge Hyssop) *''Guaiacum officinale'' (''lignum vitae'') *''Hyssopus officinalis'' (Hyssop) *''Jasminum officinale'' (Jasmine) *''Laricifomes officinalis'' (Quinine Conk) *''Lavandula officinalis'' (English Lavender) syn. ''Lavandula angustifolia'' *''Levisticum officinale'' (Lovage) *''Lithospermum officinale'' (Gromwell) *''Magnolia officinalis'' *''Melilotus officinalis'' (Ribbed Melilot) *''Melissa officinalis'' (Lemon Balm) *''Morinda officinalis'' (Indian Mulberry) *''Nasturtium officinale'' (Watercress) *''Paeonia officinalis'' (Common Paeony) *''Parietaria officinalis'' (Pellitory of the Wall) *''Pilosella officinarum'' (Mouse-Ear) *''Pimenta officinalis'' (Allspice) syn. ''Pimenta dioica'' *''Pulmonaria officinalis'' (Lungwort) *''Rheum officinale'' (Rhubarb) *''Rosa gallica'' 'Officinalis' (Apothecary Rose) *''Rosmarinus officinalis'' (Rosemary) syn. ''Salvia rosmarinus'' *''Salvia officinalis'' (Garden Sage) *''Sanguisorba officinalis'' (Great Burnet) *''Saponaria officinalis'' (Soapwort) *''Scindapsus officinalis'' (Long Pepper) *''Senega officinalis'' (Senega) syn. ''Polygala senega'' *''Sepia officinalis'' (Cuttlefish) *''Sisymbrium officinale'' (Hedge Mustard) *''Spongia officinalis'' (Bath Sponge) *''Styrax officinalis'' (Drug Snowbell) *''Symphytum officinale'' (Comfrey) *''Taraxacum officinale'' (Dandelion) *''Valeriana officinalis'' (Valerian) *''Verbena officinalis'' (Vervain) *''Veronica officinalis'' (Speedwell) *''Zingiber officinale'' (Ginger) {{div col end}}
==See also== *''Esculentus'', a species name translating to 'edible'. *''Hortensis'', a species name roughly translating to 'of the garden'. * ''Oleraceus'', an epithet denoting a species that has an extensive history of use as a vegetable and/or culinary plant. * ''Sativum'', ''Sativus'', or ''Sativa'', a species name translating to 'cultivated'. * ''Tinctorius'' or ''Tinctoria'', denotes a species that has a history of use for dyeing.
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Taxonomy (biology) Category:Latin biological phrases