{{Short description|Mosque in Qarshi, Uzbekistan}} {{Infobox historic site | name = Odina Mosque | native_name = Odina masjidi | native_language = uz | native_name2 = | native_language2 = | native_name3 = | native_language3 = | other_name = | image = Adina mosque.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | mapframe = | locmapin = | map_relief = | map_width = | map_caption = | map_dot_mark = | map_dot_label = | coordinates = {{coord|38.867688|N|65.803166|E|type:landmark_region:UZ-NV|display=inline,title}} | gbgridref = | gbgridref_note = | type = | etymology = | location = Qarshi, Uzbekistan | nearest_city = | area = | elevation = | height = | beginning_label = | beginning_date = | formed = | founded = | founder = Timur | built = | built_for = Mosque | original_use = | demolished = 1868 | rebuilt = | restored = | restored_by = | current_use = | architect = | sculptor = | architecture = | visitors_num = | visitors_year = | visitors_ref = | governing_body = | owner = | website = | designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_type = | designation2_criteria = | designation2_date = | delisted2_date = | designation2_partof = | designation2_number = | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation2_free2name = | designation2_free2value = | designation2_free3name = | designation2_free3value = | designation3 = | designation3_offname = | designation3_type = | designation3_criteria = | designation3_date = | delisted3_date = | designation3_partof = | designation3_number = | designation3_free1name = | designation3_free1value = | designation3_free2name = | designation3_free2value = | designation3_free3name = | designation3_free3value = | designation4 = | designation4_offname = | designation4_type = | designation4_criteria = | designation4_date = | delisted4_date = | designation4_partof = | designation4_number = | designation4_free1name = | designation4_free1value = | designation4_free2name = | designation4_free2value = | designation4_free3name = | designation4_free3value = | designation5 = | designation5_offname = | designation5_type = | designation5_criteria = | designation5_date = | delisted5_date = | designation5_partof = | designation5_number = | designation5_free1name = | designation5_free1value = | designation5_free2name = | designation5_free2value = | designation5_free3name = | designation5_free3value = | designation6 = | designation6_offname = | designation6_type = | designation6_criteria = | designation6_date = | delisted6_date = | designation6_partof = | designation6_number = | designation6_free1name = | designation6_free1value = | designation6_free2name = | designation6_free2value = | designation6_free3name = | designation6_free3value = | embed = | embedded = }}
'''Odina Mosque''' (also known as Nasaf Katta Jome Mosque) is the oldest preserved architectural monument located in the city of Qarshi, Qashqadaryo region.<ref name="History2" /> The mosque is situated in the center of the Qarshi fortress. Timur, during his expedition from Samarkand to Qarshi in 1385-1386, ordered the construction of this mosque.<ref name="History3" />
Presently, the mosque is located in the Odina district of the "Old City" in Qarshi.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B052'03.7%22N+65%C2%B048'11.4%22E/@38.8676944,65.8031667,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d38.8676944!4d65.8031667?entry=ttu|title= Mosque location |website= www.google.com |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref> This historical monument has been included in the national list of non-residential objects of the material and cultural heritage of Uzbekistan, under the decree PQ-4068 of December 19, 2018, related to the comprehensive improvement of activities in preserving the objects of material and cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4543266|title= МОДДИЙ МАДАНИЙ МЕРОСНИНГ КЎЧМАС МУЛК ОБЪЕКТЛАРИ МИЛЛИЙ РЎЙХАТИНИ ТАСДИҚЛАШ ТЎҒРИСИДА|website= lex.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref> According to the decree issued by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on October 8, 2020, a memorial museum dedicated to the victims of the Qataghan massacre in 2021 was established in the Odina Mosque.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://qashqadaryo.uz/oz/nview/pqtcvqqxmbk1634037464|title= Prezident Qashqadaryoga tashriflari chog'ida viloyat qatag'on qurbonlari xotirasi muzeyini borib ko'rdi|website= qashqadaryo.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref>
==History== Historical scholars such as Boriboy Ahmedov and Mikhail Masson, in their works, associate the construction of this mosque with the name of Timur.<ref>{{cite book |last= Ahmedov |date=1996 |title= Amir Temur |trans-title= Tamerlane |language=Uzbek |location=Tashkent |publisher= Yozuvchi }}</ref> After the 1860s, the Odina Mosque was dismantled, and its building materials were used for other purposes.<ref name="History3" /><ref name="History7" /> The dome and remnants of the minarets were preserved until 1914. During the Soviet era, various offices were located in the Odina Mosque, and later it was even used as a warehouse.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.xabar.uz/uz/jamiyat/xon-saroyi-masjid-qamoqxona-va-maktab-qarshidagi|title= Xon saroyi, masjid, qamoqxona va maktab — Qarshidagi bir obida tarixi|website= www.xabar.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref> In 1938, the surroundings of the mosque were enclosed by a high wall, and it was converted into a house for detainees.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.xabar.uz/uz/madaniyat/qarshining-46-madrasasidan-43-tasi-nega-buzib-tashlangandi|title= Qarshining 46 madrasasidan 43 tasi nega buzib tashlangandi?|website= www.xabar.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://madaniymeros.uz/news/328?lang=uz-latn |title= Qarshi shahridagi Odina masjidi |website= madaniymeros.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13 |archive-date= 2023-11-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231120124828/https://madaniymeros.uz/news/328?lang=uz-latn |url-status= dead }}</ref> One of the cells in this house for detainees accommodated nearly twenty people.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://iiau.uz/oz/news/1686 |title= Mustabid tuzumga o'zligini anglaydiganlar kerak emas edi|website= iiau.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref> In connection with the 2700th anniversary of the city of Qarshi, in 2004-2005, the house for detainees was moved beyond the city limits. The Odina Jome Mosque primarily served for Friday prayers, as well as prayers during Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and the remaining (five daily) prayers were performed in local mosques.<ref name="History3" />
== Architecture == The sides of the Odina mosque were built in the proportion of 50x40 meters.<ref name="History7">{{cite book |last= Ravshanov |first= Poyon |date=2006 |title= Qarshi tarixi |trans-title= History of Qarshi |language=Uzbek |location=Tashkent |publisher= Yangi asr avlodi |isbn=5-633-01899-0}}</ref> The places of worship inside the mosque are wide, and high, with a small dome on top, and thick brick columns are connected to each other through vaults. There is a large mihrab on the west side of the mosque. The prayer "Ayatal Kursi" from the Holy Quran is written in golden letters around the arch. There are seven marbles, on the right side of the mihrab, on which the sermon was read during the Friday and Eid prayers.<ref name="History3">{{cite book |last1= Nasriddinov |last2= Xujayarov |date=2011 |title= Qarshi shahrining me'moriy yodgorliklari |trans-title= Architectural monuments of the city of Karshi |language=Uzbek |location=Tashkent |publisher= Yangi asr avlodi |isbn=978-9943-08-629-6}}</ref>
There is a small square in front of the Odina Mosque if seven steps were taken up from the Registan Square ("Kovush Partav" - the place where Kovush is taken off). Before the arrival of the tsarist invaders, there was a porch on the square, which was also destroyed by cannonballs. In 1914, during the renovation of the fortress by Said Olimkhan, this porch was also restored. It was not possible to restore the dome and minarets of the mosque, which were destroyed, during the renovation.<ref name="History7" /> The stone under the carved columns of the porch was made of marble, this place served as the entrance to the building. The porch was demolished after 1920, when the Bukhara Emirate was abolished, in the first year of the rule of the Shuras.<ref name="History12">{{cite book |last= Jumanazar |first= Abdusattor |date=2007 |title= Nasaf |trans-title= Nasaf |language=Uzbek|publisher= Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O'zbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi nashriyoti avlodi |isbn=978-9943-06-029-6}}</ref>
In 2021, 500 million sums(more than 40 thousand dollars) were allocated from the budget to improve the sewerage, ventilation, and drinking water supply of the Museum of Remembrance of the Victims of Revolt, which was established in the Odina Mosque, by the governor of Kashkadarya region.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://rost24.uz/oz/news/748 |title= Qashqadaryoning yangi hokimi 2 oy oldin ochilgan muzey uchun yana 500 million so`m ajratdi.|website= rost24.uz |access-date= 2023-11-13}}</ref>
==Names== The mosque is also known in historical sources as the "Nasaf Katta Jome Mosque" (Masjid Kalon).<ref name="History2">{{cite book|date=2021 |title= Mazharul ahvol |trans-title= Bad situation |language=Uzbek|page=132}}</ref> Among the people, it is commonly referred to as the Odina Mosque. Three endowment documents, written in 1924-1925, have been preserved for this mosque. In these endowment documents, the mosque is explicitly mentioned as the "Odina Mosque".<ref name="History3" />
==Description== In historical sources, the Odina Mosque is referred to as a historical monument in Bukhara with the name "Kalan Mosque". The exterior dome of the mosque is tall, and the elegant dome is visible from a distance. Some speculate that the Masjid Kalon in Bukhara served as a model for the Odina Mosque. However, it is believed to be smaller in size, with its mihrab facing approximately 250° in the direction of the north pole.<ref name="History12" />
== Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160" caption="Gallery"> File:Adina mosque 1.jpg|The main entrance of the Odina Mosque File:Adina mosque entrance 2.jpg|An additional entrance to the mosque File:Adina mosque hallway.jpg| Hall part of the mosque File:Adina mosque inside.jpg| The courtyard of the mosque File:Adina mosque view from back.jpg|Rear view of Odina Mosque File:Adina mosque view from left.jpg|View of the entrance of the mosque from the northeast File:Adina mosque inside2.jpg| View of the courtyard of the mosque from the north-west side </gallery>
==Literature== * Poyon Ravshanov. History of Qarshi. Tashkent: New Generation Publishing House, 2006 - 647 pages. ISBN 5-633-01899-0. * Nasriddinov K, Khujayarov U. Architectural monuments of the city of Qarshi. Tashkent: New age generation, 2011 - 136 pages. ISBN 978-9943-08-629-6. * Abdusattor Jumanazar. Nasaf. Publishing House of the National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi, 2007 - 204 pages. ISBN 978-9943-06-029-6.
== References == {{reflist}}
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Category:Mosques in Uzbekistan Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1386 Category:Mosques completed in the 1380s Category:Historic monuments in Uzbekistan