Chloris (plant)

{{Short description|Genus of grasses}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Starr_040608-0108_Chloris_virgata.jpg |image_caption = ''Chloris virgata'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Chloris (plant) |authority = Sw. |type_species_authority = (L.) Sw.<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40007510 Tropicos, ''Chloris'' Sw.]</ref> |type_species = ''Chloris cruciata'' |synonyms = *''Agrostomia'' Cerv. *''Chlorostis'' Raf. *''Joannegria'' {{small|Chiov.}} *''Lintonia'' {{small|Stapf}} *''Negria'' {{small|Chiov., nom. illeg.}} *''Ochthochloa'' {{small|Edgew.}} *''Pterochloris'' (A.Camus) A.Camus |synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30010712-2 ''Chloris'' Sw.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</ref> }}

'''''Chloris''''' is a widespread genus of monophyletic grasses belonging to the family Poaceae, known generally as '''windmill grass''' or '''finger grass'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Landge |first=Shahid Nawaz |date=16 June 2022 |title=Lectotypification of Chloris montana (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) and taxonomic notes on a few species from India |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.550.3.4 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=550 |issue=3 |pages=243–52 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.4 |s2cid=249814433 |via=Magnolia Press|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The genus is found worldwide, but especially in the tropical and subtropical regions, and more often in the Southern Hemisphere.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Landge |first=Shahid Nawaz |date=14 July 2022 |title=Lectotypification of Chloris bournei (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) and its distribution in India |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.554.3.8 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=554 |issue=3 |pages=293–296 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.554.3.8 |s2cid=250564292 |via=Magnolia Press|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The species are variable in morphology, but in general, the plants are less than 0.5 m in height. They bear inflorescences shaped like umbels, with several plumes lined with rows of spikelets. The genus is characterized by the series of sterile florets above the lowest fertile ones, spikes usually 4–10 in numbers (occasionally 1–2), approximated or in a slightly separated series of 10–20 spikes, rarely an indefinite numbers of terminal spikes (then usually up to 50 or rarely more, as seen in ''Chloris roxburghiana'' Schultes).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> In India, 11 species are known to occur in which only two are endemic viz. ''Chloris wightiana'' Nees ex Steud. and ''Chloris bournei'' Rangachariar & Tadulingam. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

The genus was named for Chloris of Greek myth, a figure associated with flowers and spring.

==Species== 53 species are currently accepted.<ref name=powo/><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Chloris Biota of North America Program 2013 cocunty distribution maps]</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| * ''Chloris affinis'' {{small|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} * ''Chloris amethystea'' {{small|Hochst.}} * ''Chloris andropogonoides'' {{small|E.Fourn.}} – slimspike windmill grass * ''Chloris arenaria'' {{small|Hitchc. & Ekman}} * ''Chloris barbata'' {{small|Sw.}} – swollen fingergrass * ''Chloris berazainiae'' {{small|Catasús}} * ''Chloris boliviensis'' {{small|Renvoize}} * ''Chloris bournei'' {{small|Rang. & Tadul.}} * ''Chloris burmensis'' {{small|D.E.Anderson}} * ''Chloris castilloniana'' {{small|Parodi}} * ''Chloris circumfontinalis'' {{small|Fahey & Fensham}} * ''Chloris clementis'' {{small|Merr.}} * ''Chloris cruciata'' {{small|(L.) Sw.}} * ''Chloris cubensis'' {{small|Hitchc. & Ekman}} * ''Chloris cucullata'' {{small|Bisch.}} – hooded windmill grass * ''Chloris diluta'' {{small|Renvoize}} * ''Chloris divaricata'' {{small|R.Br.}} – spreading windmill grass * ''Chloris ekmanii'' {{small|Hitchc.}} * ''Chloris filiformis'' {{small|(Vahl) Poir.}} * ''Chloris flabellata'' {{small|(Hack.) Launert}} * ''Chloris flagellifera'' {{small|(Nees) P.M.Peterson}} * ''Chloris formosana'' {{small|(Honda) Keng}} * ''Chloris gayana'' {{small|Kunth}} – Rhodes grass * ''Chloris halophila'' {{small|Parodi}} * ''Chloris humbertiana'' {{small|A.Camus}} * ''Chloris jubaensis'' {{small|Cope}} * ''Chloris lobata'' {{small|Lazarides}} * ''Chloris mensensis'' {{small|(Schweinf.) Cufod.}} * ''Chloris montana'' {{small|Roxb.}} * ''Chloris mossambicensis'' {{small|K.Schum.}} * ''Chloris nutans'' {{small|(Stapf) P.M.Peterson}} * ''Chloris orthonoton'' {{small|Döll}} * ''Chloris paniculata'' {{small|Scribn.}} * ''Chloris pectinata'' {{small|Benth.}} – comb windmill grass * ''Chloris pilosa'' {{small|Schumach.}} * ''Chloris pumilio'' {{small|R.Br.}} * ''Chloris pycnothrix'' {{small|R.Br.}} – spiderweb chloris * ''Chloris quinquesetica'' {{small|Bhide}} * ''Chloris radiata'' {{small|(L.) Sw.}} * ''Chloris robusta'' {{small|Stapf}} * ''Chloris ruahensis'' {{small|Renvoize}} * ''Chloris rufescens'' {{small|Lag.}} * ''Chloris sagrana'' {{small|A.Rich.}} – roadside windmill grass * ''Chloris sesquiflora'' {{small|Burkart}} * ''Chloris'' × ''subdolichostachya'' {{small|Müll.Hal.}} * ''Chloris submutica'' {{small|Kunth}} – Mexican windmill grass * ''Chloris suringarii'' {{small|Hitchc.}} * ''Chloris texensis'' {{small|Nash}} * ''Chloris truncata'' {{small|R.Br.}} – Australian fingergrass, black windmill grass * ''Chloris ventricosa'' {{small|R.Br.}} – Australian windmill grass, plump windmill grass * ''Chloris verticillata'' {{small|Nutt.}} – tumble windmill grass * ''Chloris virgata'' {{small|Sw.}} – feather fingergrass * ''Chloris wightiana'' {{small|Nees ex Steud.}} * ''Chloris woodii'' {{small|Renvoize}} }} ===Formerly placed here=== Some species formerly placed in genus ''Chloris'' are now placed in other genera, including ''Aegopogon, Austrochloris, Bouteloua, Chondrosum, Chrysochloa, Ctenium, Cynodon, Dactyloctenium, Daknopholis, Disakisperma, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eustachys, Gymnopogon, Harpochloa, Leptochloa, Oxychloris, Pseudopogonatherum, Schoenefeldia, Schoenefeldiella, Tetrapogon'', and ''Trichloris''.<ref name=w>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=451250 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> * ''Daknopholis boivinii'' {{small|(A.Camus) Clayton}} (as ''Chloris boivinii'' {{small|A.Camus}}) * ''Schoenefeldiella transiens'' {{small|(Pilg.) P.M.Peterson}} (as ''Chloris transiens'' {{small|Pilg.}}) * ''Stapfochloa elata'' {{small|(Desv.) P.M.Peterson}} (as ''Chloris elata'' {{small|Desv.}}) – tall windmill grass

==References== {{Reflist|refs=}}

==External links== * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8904 Jepson Manual Treatment] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CHLOR USDA Plants Profile] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611125455/http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Chloris&type=treatment Grass Manual Treatment]

Category:Chloris (plant) Category:Poaceae genera Category:Grasses of North America Category:Taxa named by Olof Swartz