{{Infobox settlement |name = Ochomogo |native_name = |native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-1 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> |settlement_type = |image_skyline = File:Romería Virgen de Los Ángeles. Costa Rica.jpg |imagesize = |image_alt = |image_caption = Alto de Ochmogo. People walking on 1 August to the Cathedral of Cartago in honoour of the Virgin of the Angels. |etymology = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |map_alt = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Costa Rica |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_label_position = top |pushpin_relief =y |coordinates = {{coord|9.89797|-83.94433|type:city|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_footnotes = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Costa Rica]] |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = [[Cartago Province|Cartago]] |subdivision_type2 = Canton |subdivision_name2 = [[Cartago (canton)|Cartago]] |subdivision_type3 = District |subdivision_name3 = [[San Nicolás District, Cartago|San Nicolás]] |established_title = |established_date = |unit_pref = Metric <!-- square kilometers --> |area_total_km2 = |elevation_m = |population_footnotes = |population_as_of = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |population_demonym = |timezone1 = |utc_offset1 = |timezone1_DST = |utc_offset1_DST = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code_type = |area_code = |area_codes = <!-- for multiple area codes --> |iso_code = |website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''Ochomogo''' is a location in the province of Cartago, Costa Rica. It is in a mountain pass between the cities of [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] and [[Cartago, Costa Rica|Cartago]]. It was the site of the [[Battle of Ochomogo]] (5 April 1823) between those who wanted Costa Rica to join the newly formed [[First Mexican Empire]] and those who preferred independence.
==Name==
The name "Ochomogo" comes from the [[Chorotega language]], and means "the first man". He was a companion of the god [[Cipactonal]], one of the creators of the [[Aztec calendar]].{{sfn|Fernández|2020}}
==Location==
Ochomogo is in San Nicolás, Cartago, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica.{{sfn|Ochomogo, San Nicolás ... Mindat}} Ochomogo is just south of the Autopista Florencio del Castillo, which connects San José to Cartago, and is on the northeastern outskirts of Cartago.{{sfn|Node: Ochomogo (2012658414)}} The [[Köppen climate classification]] is Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate.{{sfn|Ochomogo, San Nicolás ... Mindat}}
The left-lateral strike-slip Ochomogo fault is about {{convert|22|km}} long, running between the south of San José and the southern slopes of the [[Irazú Volcano]]. The slip rate is no less than {{convert|0.5|mm}} per year, and no more than {{convert|1.1|-|3.3|mm}} per year.{{sfn|Montero|Rojas|Linkimer|2013|p=119}} At one time there was a plaque in Ochomogo that said "Continental division of waters". This could mean that the location was at the center of America, but more plausibly meant that it was on the [[drainage divide]] between the Atlantic (Cartago) and Pacific (San José) slopes.{{sfn|Fernández|2020}}
==History==
The [[Ochomogo War]] in 1823 was won by the Republicans, and caused the capital of Costa Rica to be transferred from Cartago to San José. During the [[League War]] in 1835 there was another confrontation in Alto de Ochomogo where the people of [[Alajuela Province|Alajuela]], [[Heredia Province|Heredia]] and Cartago fought the people of San José, who were again victorious.{{sfn|Fernández|2020}} A railway was built through the Ochomogo Pass in the 1870s to link Cartago to San José.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=220}}
In 1948 the Ochomogo Pact (''Pacto Ochomogo'') resulted from a conversation in Ochomogo between [[José Figueres Ferrer]], leader of the National Liberation Army, and [[Manuel Mora (politician)|Manuel Mora]], leader of the Communist Party. They agreed to avoid a clash in San José between the conflicting forces, which would have led to a bloodbath. This resulted in the end of the [[Costa Rican Civil War]].{{sfn|Ochomogo Pact (1980)}}
In the night of 9–10 December 1963 torrential rain on the Irazú Volcano caused the Reventado River to widen to over {{convert|500|m}}, carrying a heavy load of rocks and mud. The flood destroyed buildings, roads and cemeteries, including 400 homes, and over 15 people died. Many of the inhabitants moved up to Alto de Ochomogo.{{sfn|Fernández|2020}}
==Notes== {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}}
==Sources== {{refbegin}} *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Costa Rica|volume=7|page=220}} *{{citation |url=https://www.lateja.cr/nacional/es-ochomogo-el-centro-de-america/RPNSPSSMFRHHHKACPT67A6RW64/story/ |accessdate=2021-10-02 |last=Fernández |first=Karen |date=17 May 2020 |title=Is Ochomogo the center of America? |work=La Teja}} *{{citation |url=https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S0256-70242013000100007&script=sci_abstract |accessdate=2021-10-02 |journal=Rev. Geol. Amér. Central |year=2013 |last1=Montero |first1=Walter |last2=Rojas |first2=Wilfredo |last3=Linkimer |first3=Lepolt |issue=48 |pages=119-139 |issn=0256-7024 |title=Neotectonics of the Ochomogo and Capellades faults and its relation with the Aguacaliente fault system, southern slopes of the Irazú-Turrialba massif, Costa Rica}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/2012658414 |accessdate=2021-10-02 |title=Node: Ochomogo (2012658414) |work=[[OpenStreetMap]] |ref={{harvid|Node: Ochomogo (2012658414)}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.centrodecine.go.cr/producciones/pacto-ochomogo-1980 |accessdate=2021-10-02 |title=Ochomogo Pact (1980) |publisher=Ministry of Culture and Youth (Costa Rica) |ref={{harvid|Ochomogo Pact (1980)}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-3622690.html |accessdate=2021-10-02 |title=Ochomogo, San Nicolás, Cartago, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica |work=[[mindat.org]] |ref={{harvid|Ochomogo, San Nicolás ... Mindat}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ochomogo}} [[Category:Populated places in Cartago Province]]