This article is about the semi-desert region. For the English band, see Oasis (band). For other uses, see Oasis (disambiguation).

In ecology, an oasis (/oʊˈeɪsɪs/; : oases /oʊˈeɪsiːz/) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environment[1] that sustains plant life and provides habitat for animals. Surface water may be present, or water may only be accessible from wells or underground channels created by humans. In geography, an oasis may be a current or past rest stop on a transportation route, or less-than-verdant location that nonetheless provides access to underground water through deep wells created and maintained by humans. Although they depend on a natural condition, such as the presence of water that may be stored in reservoirs and used for irrigation, most oases, as we know them, are artificial.[2]

The word oasis came into English from Latin: oasis, from Ancient Greek: ὄασις, óasis, which in turn is a direct borrowing from Demotic Egyptian. The word for oasis in the latter-attested Coptic language (the descendant of Demotic Egyptian) is wahe or ouahe which means a "dwelling place".[3] Oasis in Arabic is wāḥa (Arabic: واحة).

Description

Oases develop in "hydrologically favored" locations that have attributes such as a high water table, seasonal lakes, or blockaded wadis.[4] Oases are made when sources of freshwater, such as springs, underground rivers, or aquifers irrigate the surface naturally or via man-made wells.[5] The presence of water on the surface or underground is necessary and the local or regional management of this essential resource is strategic, but not sufficient to create such areas: continuous human work and know-how (a technical and social culture) are essential to maintain such ecosystems.[6][7] Some of the possible human contributions to maintaining an oasis include digging and maintaining wells, digging and maintaining canals, and continuously removing opportunistic plants that threaten to gorge themselves on water and fertility needed to maintain human and animal food supplies.[8] Stereotypically, an oasis has a "central pool of open water surrounded by a ring of water-dependent shrubs and trees…which are in turn encircled by an outlying transition zone to desert plants".[9]

Rain showers provide subterranean water to sustain natural oases, such as the Tuat. Substrata of impermeable rock and stone can trap water and retain it in pockets, or on long faulting subsurface ridges or volcanic dikes water can collect and percolate to the surface. Any incidence of water is then used by migrating birds, which also pass seeds with their droppings which will grow at the water's edge forming an oasis. It can also be used to plant crops.

Geography

Oases in the Middle East and North Africa cover about 1,000,000 hectares (10,000 km2), however, they support the livelihood of about 10 million inhabitants.[10] The stark ratio of oasis to desert land in the world means that the oasis ecosystem is "relatively minute, rare and precious".[9]

There are 90 "major oases" within the Sahara Desert.[5] Some of their fertility may derive from irrigation systems called foggaras, khettaras, lkhttarts, or a variety of other regional names.[11][12]

In some oases systems, there is "a geometrical system of raised channels that release controlled amounts of the water into individual plots, soaking the soil".[12]

History

Oases often have human histories that are measured in millennia. Archeological digs at Ein Gedi in the Dead Sea Valley have found evidence of settlement dating to 6,000 BC.[13] Al-Ahsa on the Arabian Peninsula shows evidence of human residence dating to the Neolithic.[14]

Anthropologically, the oasis is "an area of sedentary life, which associates the city [medina] or village [ksar] with its surrounding feeding source, the palm grove, within a relational and circulatory nomadic system".[15]

The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas; caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya, have at various times been vital to both north–south and east–west trade in the Sahara Desert. The location of oases also informed the Darb El Arba'īn trade route from Sudan to Egypt, as well as the caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier, Morocco.[9] The Silk Road "traced its course from water hole to water hole, relying on oasis communities such as Turpan in China and Samarkand in Uzbekistan".[9]

According to the United Nations, "Oases are at the very heart of the overall development of peri-Saharan countries due to their geographical location and the fact they are preferred migration routes in times of famine or insecurity in the region."[11]

Oases in Oman, on the Arabian Peninsula near the Persian Gulf, vary somewhat from the Saharan form. While still located in an arid or semi-arid zone with a date palm overstory, these oases are usually located below plateaus and "watered either by springs or by aflaj, tunnel systems dug into the ground or carved into the rock to tap underground aquifers". This rainwater harvesting system "never developed a serious salinity problem".[10]

Palm Oasis

In the drylands of southwestern North America, there is a habitat form called Palm Oasis (alternately Palm Series or Oasis Scrub Woodland) that has the native California fan palm as the overstory species.[16] These Palm Oases can be found in California, Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora.[16]

Agroforestry

People who live in an oasis must manage land and water use carefully. The most important plant in an oasis is the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), which forms the upper layer. These palm trees provide shade for smaller understory trees like apricots, figs, olives, and peach trees, which form the middle layer. Market-garden vegetables, some cereals (such as sorghum, barley, millet, and wheat), and/or mixed animal fodder, are grown in the bottom layer where there is more moisture.[17] The oasis is integrated into its desert environment through an often close association with nomadic transhumant livestock farming (very often pastoral and sedentary populations are clearly distinguished). The fertility of the oasis soil is restored by "cyclic organic inputs of animal origin".[15] In summary, an oasis palm grove is a highly anthropized and irrigated area that supports a traditionally intensive and polyculture-based agriculture.[1]

Responding to environmental constraints, the three strata create what is called the "oasis effect".[1] The three layers and all their interaction points create a variety of combinations of "horizontal wind speed, relative air temperature and relative air humidity".[10] The plantings—through a virtuous cycle of wind reduction, increased shade and evapotranspiration—create a microclimate favorable to crops; "measurements taken in different oases have showed that the potential evapotranspiration of the areas was reduced by 30 to 50 percent within the oasis."[15]

The keystone date palm trees are "a main income source and staple food for local populations in many countries in which they are cultivated, and have played significant roles in the economy, society, and environment of those countries".[18] Challenges for date palm oasis polycultures include "low rainfall, high temperatures, water resources often high in salt content, and high incidence of pests".[19]

The oases consist of almost unbroken forests of date palms, divided up into many gardens that are separated by mud walls and intersected by innumerable irrigation and drainage ditches… In the shade of the palms are grown many other kinds of fruit trees—oranges, olives, figs, apricots, peaches, pomegranates, and jujubes—interlaced with large grape vines that often hang in festoons from the palm trunks. Beneath the trees are small plots of garden vegetables, barley, and alfalfa. Neither date palms nor other trees are planted with any regularity, and the growth is often so dense that the garden resembles a tropical jungle. Very beautiful are these gardens in the spring, when the apricot and peach trees are in blossom here and there among the palms and the figs and vines are putting forth their leaves. In autumn, when the dates are ripening, the color effects, especially when the tops of the palms are lit up by the last rays of the setting sun, are something that once seen can never be forgotten. The great clusters of fruit, displaying every tint from bright yellow, through orange, vermilion, and maroon, to plum purple and chestnut brown, with their brilliant yellow or rich orange ivory-like stalks, contrast superbly with the dull bluish or gray green of the feathery crowns of foliage. It is small wonder that a whole folklore of poetic legends and proverbs has grown up around the date palm in the regions where it flourishes.

— Kearney, Thomas H. (1906-09-06). Bulletin: Date Varieties and Date Culture in Tunis.'

Distressed systems

Many historic oases have struggled with drought and inadequate maintenance.

According to a United Nations report on the future of oases in the Sahara and Sahel, "Increasingly ... oases are subject to various pressures, heavily influenced by the effects of climate change, decreasing groundwater levels and a gradual loss of cultural heritage due to a fading historical memory concerning traditional water management techniques. These natural pressures are compounded by demographic pressures and the introduction of modern water pumping techniques that can disrupt traditional resource management schemes, particularly in the North Saharan oases."[11]

For example, five historic oases in the Western Desert of Egypt (Kharga, Dakhla, Farafra, Baharyia, and Siwa) once had "flowing spring and wells" but due to the decline of groundwater heads because of overuse for land reclamation projects those water sources are no more and the oases suffer as a result.[20]

Morocco has lost two-thirds of its oasis habitat over the last 100 years due to heat, drought, and water scarcity.[12] The Ferkla Oases in Morocco once drew on water from the Ferkla, Sat and Tangarfa Rivers but they are now dry but for a few days a year.[12]

List of places called oasis

Old World Oases
CountryAdministrative DivisionNameElevationTypologyRef.
AlgeriaTébessaFerkane Oasis272Wadi[21]
AlgeriaTébessaNegrine Oasis355Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaGhassira Oasis759Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaGhoufi Oasis663Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaM'doukel Oasis405Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaTaghit Tkoutt Oasis851Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaTifelfal Oasis778Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBatnaTigherghar Oasis705Wadi[21]
AlgeriaDjelfaAmourah Oasis1017Wadi[21]
AlgeriaDjelfaMessaad Oasis782Wadi[21]
AlgeriaKhenchelaChebla Oasis503Wadi[21]
AlgeriaKhenchelaEl Ouldja Oasis306Wadi[21]
AlgeriaKhenchelaKhirane Oasis569Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraBaniane Oasis480Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraBiskra Oasis95Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraBranis Oasis287Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraDjemorah Oasis522Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraDoucen Oasis177Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraEl Haouch Oasis-8Depression[21]
AlgeriaBiskraEl Kantara Oasis503Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraKhenguet Sidi Nadji Oasis160Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraLioua Oasis105Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraM'Chouneche Oasis301Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraMekhadma Oasis93Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraM'lili Oasis62Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraOuled Djelal Oasis189Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraOumache Oasis50Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraSidi Khaled Oasis209Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraSidi Masmoudi Oasis204Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraSidi Okba Oasis50Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBiskraTolga Oasis156Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedAin Cheik Oasis0Depression[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedDebila Oasis56Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedDjamaa Oasis34Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedEl Meghaier Oasis-11Depression[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedEl Oued Oasis79Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedGuemar Oasis64Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedHassani Abdelkrim Oasis58Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedHassi Khalifa Oasis48Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedLizerg Oasis71Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedMagrane Oasis52Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedMih Ouansa Oasis101Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedOued El Alenda Oasis90Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedOum Toyour Oasis6Depression[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedReguiba Oasis54Erg[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedSidi Amrane Oasis44Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedSidi Khelil Oasis21Depression[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedStill Oasis7Depression[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedTemerna Djedida Oasis66Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl OuedTendla Oasis14Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl BayadhArbaouat Oasis1022Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl BayadhBoussemghoun Oasis983Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl BayadhBrezina Oasis851Wadi[21]
AlgeriaEl BayadhSidi El Hadj Eddine Oasis753Erg[21]
AlgeriaNaâmaMoghrar Oasis936Wadi[21]
AlgeriaNaâmaMoghtar Tahtani Oasis868Wadi[21]
AlgeriaNaâmaTiout Naâma Oasis1022Wadi[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaAl Alia Oasis106Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaBenaceur Oasis104Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaBlidet Amor Oasis91Wadi[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaDaglet Lagrouba Oasis107Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaEl Bour Oasis127Depression[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaEl Hadjira Oasis110Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaM'Naguer Oasis99Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaMeggarine Oasis69Wadi[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaN'Goussa Oasis126Depression[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaOuargla Oasis135Depression[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaSidi Slimane Oasis53Wadi[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaTaibet Oasis99Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaTaibine Oasis114Erg[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaTemacine Oasis81Wadi[21]
AlgeriaOuarglaTouggourt Oasis72Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaBeni Isguen Oasis497Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaBerriane Oasis533Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaBounoura Oasis494Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaDhayet Bendhahoua Oasis532Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaEl Atteuf Oasis465Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaEl Guerrara Oasis303Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaGhardaia Oasis514Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaHassi Gara Oasis399Depression[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaMetlili Oasis511Wadi[21]
AlgeriaGhardaïaZelfana Oasis354Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharAguedal Oasis420Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharBeni Abbes Oasis459Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharBeni Ikhlef Oasis399Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharBoukais Oasis847Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharIgli Oasis508Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharKerzaz Oasis379Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharKsabi Oasis331Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharMazzer Oasis506Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharOulad Raffa Oasis350Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharOuled Khoudir Oasis347Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharTabelbala Oasis521Mountain[21]
AlgeriaBécharTaghit Oasis602Wadi[21]
AlgeriaBécharTimoudi Oasis356Wadi[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAdjir Oasis360Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAdmer Zaouiet Oasis210Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAdrar Oasis244Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAin Hammou Oasis367Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAkabli Oasis221Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAnzeglouf Oasis185Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAougrout Oasis294Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAoulef Oasis276Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarArhlad Oasis275Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAzekkour Oasis252Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarAzoua Oasis198Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBadriane Oasis267Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBen Henni Oasis230Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBeni Aissi Oasis351Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBou Ali Oasis224Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBouda Oasis234Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBouffaddi Oasis240Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarBour Sidi Youssef Oasis244Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarCharouine Oasis287Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarEl Djedid Oasis233Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarEl Hadj Guelmane Oasis243Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarEl Ksabi Oasis256Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarEl Mansour Oasis233Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarEnefis Oasis204Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarFatis Oasis359Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarFenoughil Oasis225Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarGuentour Oasis307Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarHaha Oasis373Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarHammad Oasis247Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarHassi Nba Oasis342Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarIhrzer Oasis236Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarKsar Temassekht Oasis259Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarLahmer Oasis316Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarMahidia Oasis234Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarMetarfa Oasis252Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarNoun En Nass Oasis259Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuadjda Oasis264Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOufrane Oasis288Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOulad Aiach Oasis358Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOulad Antar Oasis226Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOulad Bou Yahia Oasis233Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOulad Meriem Oasis171Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuled Abbou Oasis255Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuled Aissa Oasis361Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuled Mahmoud Oasis268Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuled Rached Oasis254Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarOuled Said Oasis268Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarReggane Oasis203Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarRhamianou Oasis249Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarSali Oasis160Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarSebaa Oasis262Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarSemdjane Oasis327Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarSemouta Oasis272Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTabelkoza Oasis377Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTabou Oasis312Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTaghouzi Oasis373Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTamadanine Oasis163Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTamentit Oasis244Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTamest Oasis226Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTaouennza Oasis376Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTasfaout Oasis216Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTawrirt Oasis220Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTegant Oasis360Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarThala Oasis246Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTimimoun Oasis225Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTimleha Oasis243Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTimmassekh Oasis224Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTindjellet Oasis249Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTiouliline Oasis196Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTiourinine Oasis223Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTitaf Oasis251Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTlalet Oasis248Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarTsabit Oasis252Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaglou Oasis232Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaouia Sidi Abd El Kader Oasis222Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaouia Sidi Bekri Oasis241Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaouiet Debagh Oasis354Erg[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaouiet Kounta Oasis195Depression[21]
AlgeriaAdrarZaouiet Sidi Mansour Oasis376Erg[21]
AlgeriaIlliziIllizi Oasis558Wadi[21]
AlgeriaIlliziDjanet Oasis1032Wadi[21]
AlgeriaIlliziIherir Oasis1118Wadi[21]
AlgeriaTamanghassetFoggaret Ezzaouia Oasis300Erg[21]
AlgeriaTamanghassetIgostene Oasis274Depression[21]
AlgeriaTamanghassetIn Ghar Oasis256Erg[21]
ChinaGansuCrescent Lake??[22]
EgyptMatruhQara Oasis-41Depression[23]
EgyptMatruhSiwa Oasis-11Depression[23]
EgyptJizahBahariya Oasis118Depression[23]
EgyptJizahEl Heiz Oasis123Depression[23]
EgyptFayyumFayyum Oasis32Depression[23]
EgyptAl Wadi al JadidAbu Minqar Oasis117Depression[23]
EgyptAl Wadi al JadidAl Kharga Oasis66Depression[23]
EgyptAl Wadi al JadidBaris Oasis54Depression[23]
EgyptAl Wadi al JadidDahla Oasis111Depression[23]
EgyptAl Wadi al JadidFarafra Oasis85Depression[23]
EgyptAswanKurkur Oasis316Depression[23]
PalestineOccupied West BankEin Gedi Oasis??[22]
LibyaButnanAl Jaghbub Oasis-2Depression[24]
LibyaNalutDerj Oasis421Wadi[24]
LibyaNalutGhadames Oasis338Depression[24]
LibyaJabal al GharbiShakshuk Oasis213Mountain[24]
LibyaAl WahatAwjillah Oasis35Depression[24]
LibyaAl WahatJakharrad Oasis31Depression[24]
LibyaAl WahatJalu Oasis39Depression[24]
LibyaAl WahatMaradah Oasis47Depression[24]
LibyaAl JufrahAl Fuqaha Oasis539Wadi[24]
LibyaAl JufrahSokna Oasis270Depression[24]
LibyaAl JufrahWaddan Oasis247Depression[24]
LibyaAl JufrahZillah Oasis216Depression[24]
LibyaWadi al ShatiiAdiri Oasis366Erg[24]
LibyaWadi al ShatiiBrak Oasis350Wadi[24]
LibyaWadi al ShatiiWanzarik Oasis380Erg[24]
LibyaSabhaSabha Oasis419Erg[24]
LibyaSabhaTamanhint Oasis413Erg[24]
LibyaGhatAl Awaynat Oasis656Wadi[24]
LibyaGhatGhat Oasis675Erg[24]
LibyaWadi al HayatAwbari Oasis466Erg[24]
LibyaWadi al HayatGaberoun Oasis451Erg[24]
LibyaWadi al HayatGerma Oasis465Erg[24]
LibyaWadi al HayatQasr Larocu Oasis466Erg[24]
LibyaAl KufrahAl Kufra Oasis382Depression[24]
LibyaAl KufrahBuzaymah Oasis292Depression[24]
LibyaAl KufrahRabyanah Oasis381Erg[24]
LibyaAl KufrahTazirbu Oasis255Depression[24]
LibyaMurzuqDujal Oasis472Erg[24]
LibyaMurzuqQatrun Oasis474Erg[24]
LibyaMurzuqMurzuq Oasis453Erg[24]
LibyaMurzuqTajarhi Oasis494Erg[24]
MauritaniaAdrarAin Ehel Taya Oasis152Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarAmder Oasis248Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarAoujeft Oasis252Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarAtar Oasis223Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarAzougui Oasis250Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarChinguetti Oasis494Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarEl Meddah Oasis139Erg[25]
MauritaniaAdrarEl Oudei Oasis229Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarEntkemkemt Oasis478Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarFaraoun Oasis162Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarKsar Torchane Oasis263Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarMaaden Oasis166Depression[25]
MauritaniaAdrarMedina Rahme Oasis358Mountain[25]
MauritaniaAdrarMhaireth Oasis354Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarOuadane Oasis446Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarDakhlet el Ghzâl Oasis149Erg[25]
MauritaniaAdrarSalah Eddarein Oasis180Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTaizent Oasis213Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTanouchert Oasis415Erg[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTawaz Oasis276Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTentane Oasis173Depression[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTerjit Oasis313Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTiminite Oasis195Erg[25]
MauritaniaAdrarTirebane Oasis235Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarToueizikt Oasis261Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAdrarToungat Oasis190Wadi[25]
MauritaniaHodh ech CharguiBoukhzama Oasis250Mountain[25]
MauritaniaHodh ech CharguiNema Oasis259Mountain[25]
MauritaniaHodh ech CharguiOualata Oasis240Depression[25]
MauritaniaTagantAcharim Oasis368Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantAgnana Oasis230Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantBaghdada Oasis410Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantBorelle Eglieg Oasis416Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantDebaye El Ghadi Oasis400Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantDendane Oasis237Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantEdwalgue Oasis106Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantEl Housseiniya Oasis126Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantEl Joumlanya Oasis111Depression[25]
MauritaniaTagantEl Mechra Oasis113Depression[25]
MauritaniaTagantEntitam Oasis109Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantEl Ghoudia Oasis408Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantKsar El Barka Oasis134Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantEl Ahouetat Oasis352Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantN'Beika Oasis112Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantNejam Oasis443Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantRachid Oasis269Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantTalmest Oasis252Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantTaoujafet Oasis199Wadi[25]
MauritaniaTagantTichitt Oasis188Depression[25]
MauritaniaTagantTidjikja Oasis396Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAssabaEl Ajoue Oasis89Wadi[25]
MauritaniaAssabaGuerou Oasis170Depression[25]
MauritaniaAssabaKamour Oasis174Depression[25]
MauritaniaAssabaNtakat Oasis146Depression[25]
MauritaniaAssabaTagada El Wassa Oasis194Depression[25]
MauritaniaAssabaTegadit Iriji Oasis173Mountain[25]
MauritaniaHodh el GharbiKobenni Oasis208Depression[25]
MauritaniaGuidimakaKankossa Oasis80Wadi[25]
MoroccoOrientalAin Chair Oasis969Mountain[26]
MoroccoOrientalAin Chouater Oasis769Wadi[26]
MoroccoOrientalBouanane Oasis860Wadi[26]
MoroccoOrientalFiguig Oasis886Mountain[26]
MoroccoOrientalGafait Oasis787Wadi[26]
MoroccoOrientalKsar El Hajoui Oasis827Wadi[26]
MoroccoOrientalTakoumit Oasis874Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAfra Oasis878Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAgdz Oasis928Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAguinane Oasis1191Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Aissa Oasis1000Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Ben Haddou Oasis1261Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Ben Omar Oasis1003Erg[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Ismene et Ihjjamen Oasis1368Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Issa Ou Brahim Oasis1187Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Mrabet Oasis942Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Saoun Oasis1613Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Semghane Oasis1115Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Senan Oasis1390Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAit Tizgui Oasis1421Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAkhlouf Oasis797Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAlnif Oasis873Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAmazraou Oasis719Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAmazzer Oasis1021Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAmmar Oasis965Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAoufous Oasis893Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletAzreg Oasis931Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletBeni Zouli Oasis755Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletBlaghema Oasis872Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletDouira Oasis858Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletDouirat Oasis775Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletEl Borj Oasis886Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletEl Jorf Oasis817Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletEl Morabitine Oasis1201Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletErfoud Oasis808Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletErrachidia Oasis1028Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletEssifa Oasis771Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletFezna Oasis835Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletFinnt Oasis1180Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletGoulmima Oasis1024Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletHassilabied Oasis713Erg[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIghrem Agoudim Oasis1161Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIgoudmane Oasis1306Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIntliten Oasis940Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIrbibene Oasis1207Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIrhels Oasis1348Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIsfalem Oasis958Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletIsilf Oasis978Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Beni Kalouf Oasis696Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Beni Ozayem Oasis927Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Boudenib Oasis949Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Hannabou Oasis792Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Nasrate Oasis599Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Sahli Oasis914Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Tazougart Oasis1064Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Tissergate Oasis737Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletKsar Touroug Oasis898Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletLamkatra Oasis763Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletLhadouane Oasis1249Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletM Hamid el Ghizlane Oasis549Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletMezguida Oasis770Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletNkob Oasis1045Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletOuarzazate Oasis1120Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletOulad Aissa Oasis917Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletOulad Edriss Oasis564Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletOulad Yahia Lagraire Oasis828Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletOuled Otmane Oasis858Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletRamlia Oasis621Erg[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletRgabi Ait Hssou Oasis567Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletRissani Oasis760Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletSijilmasa Oasis760Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletSkoura Oasis1224Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTadighoust Oasis1107Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTafounante Oasis1370Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTaghzoute N Ait Atta Oasis1178Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTaguenzalt Oasis1317Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTalamzit Oasis905Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTalat Oasis910Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTaltfraout Oasis1083Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTamegroute Oasis685Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTamellalt Oasis959Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTamezmoute Oasis842Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTamkasselt Oasis879Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTamnougalt Oasis914Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTansikht Oasis862Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTaoudaate Oasis1406Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTarga El Mal Oasis884Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTarmigt Oasis1257Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTassawant Oasis1095Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTastifte Oasis877Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTazarine Oasis852Mountain[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTighit Oasis899Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTikchtat Oasis785Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTilouine Oasis941Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTimiderte Oasis892Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTinejdad Oasis996Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTinfoula Oasis897Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTinghir Oasis1282Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTinighil Oasis949Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTinzouline Oasis799Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTisslit Oasis1350Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletTizgaghine Oasis988Erg[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletToughza Oasis837Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletToundoute Oasis1554Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletZagora Oasis724Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletZaouia Sidi Saleh Oasis595Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletZaouiet Amelkis Oasis945Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletZaouiet Sidi Blal Oasis1078Wadi[26]
MoroccoDrâa-TafilaletZouiya Oasis1255Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAddiss Oasis599Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAdghers N Warflan Oasis870Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAgadir Aserghine Oasis778Mountain[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAgoudim Oasis1558Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAgrd Tamanrt Oasis636Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAit Hammane Oasis461Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAit Mansour Oasis1256Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAit Ouabelli Oasis474Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAkka Ighane Oasis801Mountain[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAkka Oasis538Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAlougoum Oasis779Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAmadagh Oasis1048Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAnamr Oasis819Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAnnamer Oasis1549Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAoukerda Oasis1130Mountain[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAssa Igmir Oasis1145Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaAzraga Oasis1481Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaEl Ayn Oasis767Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaEl Kasba Oasis606Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaEl Mhamid Oasis664Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaFam El Hisn Oasis478Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaFoum El Oued Oasis847Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaFoum Zguid Oasis647Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaIbouday Oasis1049Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaIcht Oasis500Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaIda Ou Lestane Oasis766Mountain[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaIghir-Igiouaz Oasis600Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaIghmir Oasis934Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaImitek Oasis783Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaKiriwt Oasis1115Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaOum El Guerdane Oasis561Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTagueldimt Oasis1655Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTamssoulte Oasis790Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTarga N'hanna Oasis758Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTata Oasis700Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTiggane Oasis550Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTiguissalt Oasis605Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTiout Oasis280Mountain[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTisenasamine Oasis1157Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTissint Oasis558Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTizgui Ida ou Baloul Oasis969Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaTizgui N Oufla Oasis1170Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaZawit Oasis1233Wadi[26]
MoroccoSouss-MassaInraren Oasis??[27]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAday Oasis695Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAit Herbil Oasis955Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAit Illou Oasis696Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAmsra Oasis771Mountain[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAmtoudi Oasis871Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounAssa Oasis305Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounBouizakarne Oasis620Mountain[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounIfrane Atlas-Saghir Oasis768Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTagant Oasis531Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTaghjijt Oasis573Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTainzert Oasis646Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTighmert Oasis287Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTiglit Oasis305Wadi[26]
MoroccoGuelmim-Oued NounTimoulay Oasis669Wadi[26]
NigerAgadezAbardok Oasis822Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezAdaouda Oasis906Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezAney Oasis393Depression[28]
NigerAgadezAouderas Oasis793Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezAoukadede Oasis1477Depression[28]
NigerAgadezArlit Oasis418Erg[28]
NigerAgadezBagzan nAmmass Oasis1537Depression[28]
NigerAgadezBilma Oasis364Depression[28]
NigerAgadezDebaga Oasis577Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezDjado Oasis447Depression[28]
NigerAgadezEmalawle Oasis1458Depression[28]
NigerAgadezFachi Oasis371Depression[28]
NigerAgadezIferouane/Afassa Oasis660Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezIngall Oasis487Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezDirkou Oasis377Depression[28]
NigerAgadezSeguedine Oasis415Depression[28]
NigerAgadezTabelot Oasis858Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezTadara Oasis954Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezTagabada Oasis775Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezTakazanza Oasis857Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezTassissat Oasis1530Depression[28]
NigerAgadezTchirozerine Oasis507Wadi[28]
NigerAgadezTimia Oasis877Mountain[28]
NigerDiffaAdebour Oasis315Erg[28]
NigerDiffaCheri Oasis325Erg[28]
NigerDiffaDabalia Oasis338Erg[28]
NigerDiffaGanga Oasis322Erg[28]
NigerZinderGuidimouni Oasis403Erg[28]
OmanAl BuraymiA D'lhah Oasis614Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiAjran Oasis623Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiAl Wasit Oasis510Erg[29]
OmanAl BuraymiAlkhbayn Oasis658Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiAr Rayy Oasis549Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiAs Sunainah Oasis259Erg[29]
OmanAl BuraymiDaqiq Oasis827Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiHalahil Oasis802Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiHarim Oasis742Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiKitnah Oasis669Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiMahdah Oasis430Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiMasah Oasis645Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiNuway Oasis451Wadi[29]
OmanAl BuraymiRabi Oasis504Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthAl Ablah Oasis598Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthAl Ghadifah Oasis470Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthAl Ghushayn Oasis605Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthAl Mahbab Oasis701Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthAl Zuwayhir Oasis362Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthBu'ayq Oasis317Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthDabah Oasis655Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthDallah Oasis657Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthFarfar Oasis541Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthHailain Oasis309Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthHyad Oasis659Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthKanut Oasis373Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthKhan Oasis373Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthKhubaytah Oasis398Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthRajmi Oasis415Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthRuqqah Oasis403Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah NorthZaymi Oasis528Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAd Dif Oasis524Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAdh Dhahur Oasis589Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAfi Oasis229Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Abyad Oasis215Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Awabi Oasis497Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Far Oasis466Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Hajir Oasis1121Mountain[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Hijir Oasis686Mountain[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Jamma Oasis137Depression[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Madinah Oasis343Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Manazif Oasis399Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Maydan Oasis616Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Misfah Oasis208Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Ulyah Oasis877Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAl Wishayl Oasis257Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAn Nid Oasis812Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAr Rajlah Oasis559Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAsh Shibika Oasis200Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthAt Tabaqah Oasis457Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthBald Sayt Oasis976Mountain[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthDaris Oasis168Depression[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthFalaj Bani Umar Oasis189Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthFasah Oasis622Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthHawqayn Oasis242Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthHayjar Oasis748Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthHayl as Sawaluh Oasis598Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthHibra Oasis187Depression[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthIstal Oasis671Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthKhadra Oasis515Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthKhafdi Oasis445Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthNakhal Oasis323Mountain[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthRustaq Oasis348Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthSini Oasis648Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthSunaybah Oasis725Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthWadi Oasis766Wadi[29]
OmanAl Batinah SouthYiqa Oasis553Wadi[29]
OmanMuscatAl Jeela Oasis486Wadi[29]
OmanMuscatAl Khoud Old Oasis82Wadi[29]
OmanMuscatHayl Al Ghaf Oasis50Depression[29]
OmanMuscatSiya Oasis298Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Ayn Oasis639Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Basatin Oasis867Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Hawmaniyah Oasis541Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Hayl Oasis689Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Hayyal Oasis529Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Hijr Oasis678Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAl Wuqbah Oasis719Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahAn Nujayd Oasis596Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahBid'ah Oasis913Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahBulaydah Oasis776Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahDamm Oasis725Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahDhank Oasis343Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahHarat Al Hisin Oasis399Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahHarat Khatu Oasis464Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahIbri Oasis360Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahKahanat Oasis692Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahMaqabil Oasis490Erg[29]
OmanAl DhahirahMaqniyat Oasis702Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahMiskin Oasis647Wadi[29]
OmanAl DhahirahYanqul Oasis565Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAdam Oasis283Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAl Ayshah Oasis585Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAl Ghafat Oasis549Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAl Hamra Oasis647Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAl Jirayfat Oasis766Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahAl Qariyatain Oasis561Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahBahla Oasis569Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahBidbid Oasis218Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahBilad Sayt Oasis632Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahBirkat Al Mouz Oasis565Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahFanja Oasis169Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahImti Oasis594Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahIzki Oasis550Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahMa'bas Oasis583Depression[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahManah Oasis422Depression[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahManal Oasis523Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahMasram Oasis710Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahMisfat Al Abriyyin Oasis915Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahMuskaysa Oasis630Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahNida Oasis439Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahNizwa Oasis522Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahSaid Oasis568Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahSamail Oasis368Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahSaroor Oasis260Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahSajae Oasis495Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahSayq Oasis1867Mountain[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahTanuf Oasis616Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahWadi Oasis605Wadi[29]
OmanAd DakhiliyahWusad Oasis546Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Buwaiten Oasis401Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Fath Oasis429Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Hammam Oasis434Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Khadra Oasis484Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Khashabah Oasis420Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Mudaireb Oasis358Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Mudaybi Oasis402Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Muktra Oasis428Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Qabil Oasis432Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Rawdha Oasis607Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Ruddah Oasis373Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Wafi Oasis395Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Wasil Oasis315Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAn Niba Oasis406Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAqda'a Oasis393Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAs Sarm Oasis424Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAs Sumayiyyah Oasis453Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAwf Oasis657Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAyn Al Khashen Oasis446Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthBatin Oasis438Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthBdh Oasis722Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthBidiyah Oasis293Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthHilm Oasis900Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthHaul Oasis600Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthHubat Oasis547Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthIbra Oasis479Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthKharma Oasis521Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthLizq Oasis490Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthMaqta Oasis389Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthMiss Oasis591Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthMunjarid Oasis409Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthNaqsi Oasis652Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthSabt Oasis339Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthSamad Al Shan Oasis572Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthSaman Oasis506Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthSinaw Oasis357Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthSaut Al Khadima Oasis306Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthAl Rakaikh Oasis327Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthMehlah Oasis348Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthTool Oasis271Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthUlyah Oasis394Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthUyun Oasis311Depression[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah NorthWadi Oasis669Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah SouthAl Kamil Oasis160Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah SouthBani Bu Ali Oasis?Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah SouthJalan Bani Buhassan Oasis108Wadi[29]
OmanAsh Sharqiyah SouthSayma Oasis260Wadi[29]
OmanDhofarSalalah Oasis8Depression[29]
Saudi ArabiaAl JawfDumat Al-Jandal Oasis584Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaTabukTayma Oasis812Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaAsh SharqiyahAl Ahsa Oasis149Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaAsh SharqiyahAl Hafayer Oasis180Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaAsh SharqiyahYabrin Oasis173Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahAl Disah Oasis564Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahAl Mindassah Oasis533Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahAl Ula Oasis692Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahBuwat Oasis493Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahKhaibar Oasis714Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahKale Oasis701Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahMedinah Oasis584Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahMogayra Oasis583Depression[30]
Saudi ArabiaAl MadinahShajwa Oasis554Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAr RiyadAl Diriyyah Oasis658Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAr RiyadAl Hariq Oasis675Mountain[30]
Saudi ArabiaAr RiyadAl Hulwah Oasis594Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAr RiyadHowtat Bani Tamim Oasis575Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaAr RiyadNaam Oasis635Mountain[30]
Saudi ArabiaMakkahAl Gharith Oasis1083Wadi[30]
Saudi ArabiaNajranNajran Oasis1307Wadi[30]
SyriaDamascusGhouta Oasis??[citation needed]
TunisiaGafsaEl Guettar Oasis224Mountain[31]
TunisiaGafsaGafsa Oasis281Wadi[31]
TunisiaTozeurChebika Oasis115Mountain[31]
TunisiaTozeurDguache Oasis48Depression[31]
TunisiaTozeurHammat Al Jarid Oasis40Depression[31]
TunisiaTozeurMidès Oasis367Wadi[31]
TunisiaTozeurNaftah Oasis35Depression[31]
TunisiaTozeurTamaqzah Oasis276Wadi[31]
TunisiaTozeurTamerza Oasis?Mountain[10][32]
TunisiaTozeurTozeur Oasis36Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliBlidet Oasis32Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliDouz Oasis63Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliEl Faouar Oasis51Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliEs Sabria Oasis57Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliGhidma Oasis27Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliJamnah Oasis46Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliKebili Oasis35Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliKsar Ghilane Oasis210Erg[31]
TunisiaKebiliNouail Oasis32Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliRadhouan Oasis112Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliSteftimi Oasis40Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliSouk Lahad Oasis63Depression[31]
TunisiaKebiliTelmine Oasis24Depression[31]
TunisiaGabèsAl Hammah Oasis58Depression[31]
TunisiaGabèsAl Zar At Oasis18Wadi[31]
TunisiaGabèsBen Ghilouf Oasis37Depression[31]
TunisiaGabèsEl Mdou Oasis49Wadi[31]
TunisiaGabèsGabès Oasis15Wadi[31]
TunisiaGabèsKettana Oasis28Wadi[31]
TunisiaGabèsMareth Oasis43Wadi[31]
TunisiaGabèsMetouia Oasis24Depression[31]
TunisiaGabèsOudref Oasis25Wadi[31]
TunisiaMédenineKsar Hallouf Oasis450Wadi[33]
TunisiaTataouineKsar El Ferich Oasis276Wadi[31]
TunisiaTataouineKsar Ouled Debbab Oasis298Wadi[31]
TunisiaTataouineKsar Tlalet Oasis232Wadi[31]
TunisiaTataouineKsar Daghara Oasis300Wadi[31]
TunisiaTataouineTataouine Oasis307Wadi[31]
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan		Daşoguz Province
Karakalpakstan		Khorezm Oasis??[34]
United Arab EmiratesAbu DhabiAl Ain Oasis292Erg[35]
United Arab EmiratesAbu DhabiLiwa Oasis130Erg[35]
YemenHadramawtAbdullah Gharib Oasis281Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAd-Dees Ash-Sharqia Oasis95Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Hawi Oasis663Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Jadidah Oasis1068Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Jaha Oasis310Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Khamilah Oasis1043Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Khuraibah Oasis1039Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAl Qatn Oasis678Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlaqqad Oasis672Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlghurfa Oasis651Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlkhamra Oasis738Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlqaria Oasis593Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlrudood Oasis642Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlsowm Oasis563Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAlwahd Oasis769Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAmd Oasis917Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAnag Oasis881Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtArd Ar Raydah Oasis736Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAs Sadarah Oasis423Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtBdsh Oasis496Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtBudah Oasis950Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtEinat Oasis590Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtAraf Oasis303Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtEl Ghebel Oasis346Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtEl Hadala Oasis270Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtEl Huf Oasis314Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtEl Mar Oasis700Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtGhayl Bin Yamin Oasis830Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtGhayl Ba Wazir Oasis95Mountain[36]
YemenHadramawtGromedh Oasis973Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHaid al-Jazil Oasis1025Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHair El Ghezid Oasis989Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHalfun Oasis93Depression[36]
YemenHadramawtHalit Oasis976Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHamam Oasis92Depression[36]
YemenHadramawtHaqab Oasis418Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHawl Oasis1075Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHisn Ba Qirdan Oasis376Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHusun As Sufayara' Oasis586Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtHuwaibah Oasis586Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtJahi Oasis821Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtJahiz Oasis924Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtKhaborah Oasis6Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtMahmeddah Oasis410Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtMasna'ah Oasis360Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtMoa'ber Oasis80Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtQaidun Oasis826Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtQarn Salifi Oasis909Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtQurayyah Oasis963Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtSana Oasis533Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtSeiyun Oasis648Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtSha'b al-Nur Oasis233Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtShibam Oasis667Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtShuh Oasis986Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtSif Oasis885Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtSubalkh Oasis1136Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtTabalah Oasis88Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtTaribah Oasis628Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtTarim Oasis614Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtTaulabah Oasis1186Wadi[36]
YemenHadramawtWasit Oasis101Erg[36]
YemenHadramawtYuwan Oasis801Wadi[36]
YemenAl MahrahBmzon Oasis216Wadi[36]
YemenAl MahrahDha Sohis Oasis270Wadi[36]
YemenAl MahrahQishn Oasis6Depression[36]
YemenAl JawfAl Hazm Oasis1109Wadi[36]
YemenAl JawfDasl Oasis1303Wadi[36]
YemenAl JawfKhab Oasis1402Wadi[36]
YemenAl JawfSuq Al Thaluth Oasis1450Wadi[36]
YemenAl HudaydahNukhaylah Oasis8Depression[36]
YemenAl HudaydahAl Rus Oasis25Depression[36]
YemenAl HudaydahAz Za'faran Oasis15Depression[36]
YemenTa'izzYakhtul Oasis6Depression[36]

New World dryland systems with oasis-like attributes

Practical matters

A 1920 USGS publication about watering holes in the deserts of California and Arizona gave this advice for travelers seeking oases:[42]

The usual watering places are springs or wells. Springs are frequently clogged with gravel or rubbish or sometimes even with the bodies of dead animals, and it may be necessary to clean them out. For this work a shovel is needed. Wells may or may not be equipped with pumps. Frequently the pumps are broken and useless, and a rope and bucket are then necessary to obtain water. Most of the wells in this region are less than 100 feet deep, but some are deeper, and 100 feet of rope is not too much to provide. As a rule the rope and bucket at a well, if they were ever provided, soon disappear, and one should never trust the chance of finding them there. Open wells are sometimes contaminated in the same way as springs and need to be cleaned out, particularly in little-frequented places where they are unused for months at a time.

See also

References

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  33. ^ ಢೠೊ��ಃಈ9
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Bibliography