Oakland Coliseum station

{{Short description|Rail station complex in Oakland, California, US}} {{Use American English|date=February 2025}} {{Good article}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox station | name = Coliseum | style = BART | symbol_location = bart | symbol = yes | symbol_location2 = us | symbol2 = amtrak | image = Oakland Colliseum BART platforms, August 2025.jpg | caption = BART and Oakland Airport Connector platforms, 2025 | alt = An elevated rapid transit station with a second platform connected at one end | address = 700 73rd Avenue (Amtrak)<ref name=great /> 7200 San Leandro Street (BART)<ref name=BART>{{cite web |url=https://www.bart.gov/stations/cols |title=Coliseum |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> | borough = [[Oakland, California]] | country = United States | coordinates = {{coord|37.75243|-122.19814|display=inline, title|type:railwaystation_region:US-CA}} (Amtrak) {{Coord|37.75370|-122.19685|display=inline|type:railwaystation_region:US-CA}} (BART) | owned = [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]], [[Oakland, California|City of Oakland]], [[Union Pacific Railroad]]<ref name=great /> | line = [[Union Pacific Railroad|UP]] [[Niles Subdivision]] (Amtrak station)<ref name=schematics /> [[BART A-Line]]<ref name=segments>{{cite web |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/FTA_Report_No._0035.pdf |title=Rail Capacity Improvement Study for Heavy Rail Transit Operations |publisher=Federal Transit Administration |date=October 2012 |page=52}}</ref> [[BART H-Line]] | platform = 1 [[side platform]] (Amtrak) 1 [[island platform]] (BART) 1 side platform ([[Oakland Airport Connector]]) | tracks = 3 (Amtrak) 2 (BART) 1 (Oakland Airport Connector) | bus_stands = 6 | other = {{bus icon}} [[AC Transit]]: [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|45]], [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|46L]], [[All Nighter (night bus service)#Routes|73]], [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|90]], [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|98]], [[List of AC Transit routes#School service|646]], [[List of AC Transit routes#School service|657]], [[All Nighter (night bus service)#Routes|805]] {{bus icon}} [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] [[East Oakland, Oakland, California|East Oakland]] Shuttle {{bus icon}} [[Bay Farm Island, Alameda, California#Harbor Bay Isle|Harbor Bay]] Business Park Shuttle | parking = 35 spaces (Amtrak) 847 spaces (BART)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2005/09/30/bart-asks-tailgaters-to-use-only-one-parking-lot-space/ |title=BART asks tailgaters to use only one parking-lot space |publisher=[[Contra Costa Times|East Bay Times]] |date=September 30, 2005|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2017/news20170822-0 |title=Small parking lot to close at Coliseum Station starting 9/5 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |date=August 22, 2017}}</ref> | bicycle = 18 [[Bicycle locker|lockers]] and [[Bicycle parking rack|racks]] | accessible = Yes | architect = Neil Smith, Reynolds & Chamberlain (BART)<ref name="Cerny 2007">{{Cite book |last=Cerny |first=Susan Dinkelspiel |title=An Architectural Guidebook to San Francisco and the Bay Area |publisher=Gibbs Smith |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-58685-432-4 |edition=1st |location=Layton, UT |pages=501–502 |language=en-US |oclc=85623396}}</ref> | code = {{BART code|COLS}} {{Amtrak code|OAC}} | opened = {{Start date|1972|09|11}} (BART) June 6, 2005 (Amtrak) | rebuilt = November 22, 2014 (Airport connector opened) | former = Coliseum (1972–1977) Coliseum/Oakland Airport (1977–2014) | mpassengers = {{rail pass box|system=BART|passengers={{BART ridership|Richmond}}|pass_year={{BART ridership|date}}}} {{rail pass box|system=Amtrak|passengers={{Amtrak ridership|Oakland Coliseum}} annually {{Amtrak ridership|citationCA}}|pass_year={{Amtrak ridership|date}}}} | services_collapsible = yes | services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=Amtrak |line1=Capitol Corridor|left1=Hayward|right1=Oakland–Jack London Square |line2=Coast Starlight|nonstop2=yes |system3=BART |line3=Blue|left3=Fruitvale|right3=San Leandro |line4=Green|left4=Fruitvale|right4=San Leandro |line5=Orange|left5=Fruitvale|right5=San Leandro|to-left5=Richmond|to-right5=Berryessa |line6=OAK|left6=Oakland International Airport }} | route_map = {{Oakland Coliseum station|inline=1}} | map_state = collapsed | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 14 }}

The station complex of [[Amtrak]]'s '''Oakland Coliseum station''' and [[Bay Area Rapid Transit|Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)]]'s '''Coliseum station''' is located in the [[East Oakland, Oakland, California|East Oakland]] area of [[Oakland, California]], United States. The two stations, located about {{convert|600|ft}} apart, are connected to each other and to the [[Oakland Coliseum]]/[[Oakland Arena]] [[sports complex]] with an [[accessibility|accessible]] [[Footbridge|pedestrian bridge]]. The BART station is served by the [[Orange Line (BART)|Orange]], [[Green Line (BART)|Green]], and [[Blue Line (BART)|Blue]] lines; the Amtrak station is served by the ''[[Capitol Corridor]]'' service.

The BART station opened in 1972, serving the six-year-old Oakland Coliseum and surrounding neighborhood. The Amtrak platform was added in 2005, making it one of two transfer points between BART and Amtrak. In 2014, the complex became the terminus of the [[Oakland Airport Connector]], providing a rail connection to [[Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport]]. The station also serves as a transfer point for [[AC Transit]] buses and business park shuttles.

==Station layout== ===BART station=== [[File:Oakland Coliseum area map.png|thumb|left|Map of the station complex and surrounding area ([[Template:Oakland Coliseum Station|see detailed diagram]])|alt=See caption.]] The BART station is an [[Elevated railway|elevated]] three-level structure. [[Paid area|Fare control]] and [[concession stand|concessions]] are located on the ground level, east of San Leandro Street, underneath the northern end of the platform.<ref name=AClayout>{{cite web |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/HSP_CO-stops.pdf |title=Transit Stops: Coliseum Station, Oakland |publisher=Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District |date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> Conventional BART trains serve an island platform on the elevated second level. The grade-level [[Union Pacific Railroad]] (UP) [[Oakland Subdivision]] runs parallel to BART on the east side of the station, separating it from the adjacent [[East Oakland, Oakland, California|Coliseum]] neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.railstotrails.org/resourcehandler.ashx?id=4570 |title=The Union Pacific Railroad Oakland Subdivision Corridor Improvement Study |publisher=Alameda County Public Works Agency |author=Alta Planning + Design, Inc. |date=November 2009}}</ref> An accessible [[Subway (underpass)|pedestrian underpass]] tunnel with a [[stairlift]] runs underneath the Union Pacific right-of-way and connects the fare control area with the [[parking]] area and Snell Street.<ref name=AClayout /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bart.gov/sites/default/files/docs/BART_Parking_Coliseum2.pdf |title=BART Parking: Coliseum |year=2014|publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref> A [[taxi stand]] is located along the western side of San Leandro Street just north of 71st Avenue, with a secondary taxi loading zone also located along the eastern side of Snell Street near the [[bicycle locker]] area. A {{convert|950|ft|adj=on}} pedestrian bridge between the BART station and the Coliseum sports complex crosses over San Leandro Street and the UP [[Niles Subdivision]] tracks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/A-tribute-to-the-Coliseum-BART-pedestrian-13975678.php |title=A tribute to the Coliseum BART pedestrian walkway, accidental East Bay treasure |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 12, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Hartlaub}}</ref>

The Beige Line station is located on the third level of the Oakland Coliseum station complex. It has one track serving one side platform. It has no direct non-emergency street access and can only be reached from the main BART platform.<ref name=AClayout /> Unlike conventional BART stations, [[platform screen doors]] provide a barrier between the platform and the [[Automated guideway transit|guideway of the driverless system]]. The fare for the line is charged at Coliseum station for travel in both directions.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael|last=Cabanatuan |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/BART-puts-off-final-decision-on-new-cars-grip-5548736.php |title=$6 rides for BART's Oakland Airport Connector |newspaper= San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 13, 2014 }}</ref> The walls of the platform area feature an artwork titled ''A-Round Oakland'' by [[Gordon Huether]]. The $300,000 artwork consists of around 50 colorful [[dichroic glass]] circles ranging from {{convert|18-36|in}} in diameter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.codaworx.com/projects/around-oakland-bay-area-rapid-transit-district/ |title=A-Round Oakland {{!}} BART Station |publisher=CODAworx }}</ref> {{clear left}}

===Amtrak station=== [[File:Capitol Corridor train at Oakland Coliseum station, November 2017.JPG|thumb|left|A ''Capitol Corridor'' train at Oakland Coliseum in November 2017|alt=A diesel locomotive at a surface-level railway station]] The Amtrak station is an unstaffed [[wikt:at-grade|grade-level]] station located at the western end of the 73rd Avenue [[Dead end (street)|cul-de-sac]]. The station has few [[Railway platform#Facilities|amenities]] other than benches sheltered by open-air canopies.<ref name=great /> A [[Amtrak Arrow Reservation System|QuikTrak]] [[ticket machine]] that was previously located at the station was removed due to [[vandalism]] issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/7docs/AMTRAK-Stations-Database_2012.xls |title=Amtrak database of train stations, 2012 – Government Attic |last=Hawkins |first=Sharron |date=October 3, 2012 |publisher=Amtrak |via=GovernmentAttic |access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref> The UP Niles Subdivision has three tracks at the station — two mainline tracks used by Union Pacific freight trains (and the ''[[Coast Starlight]]''), and a [[Siding (rail)|siding]] track with a single [[side platform]] on the northeast side serving ''Capitol Corridor'' trains.<ref name=schematics>{{CA rail schematics|page=4}}</ref> Oakland Coliseum is primarily served by [[through train]]s between [[Sacramento Valley Station|Sacramento]] and [[San Jose Diridon station|San Jose]], but also functions as a terminal for some ''Capitol Corridor'' service traveling to/from Sacramento. An accessible ramp structure connects the platform to the pedestrian bridge.<ref name=AClayout /> An artwork entitled ''Bottom of the Ninth'', created by Horace Washington, is located on the ramp structure. It consists of 13 colored metal figures.<ref name=settoroll /> {{clear left}}

===Bus service=== [[File:AC Transit buses at Oakland Coliseum station, November 2017.JPG|thumb|left|[[AC Transit]] buses at the station in 2017|alt=City buses next to an elevated rapid transit station]] Coliseum station is one of the main bus-[[Rail transport|rail]] [[Bus station|interchanges]] for [[East Oakland, Oakland, California|East Oakland]] (along with [[Fruitvale station]]) and is served [[Night service (public transport)|24/7]] by various bus services. It is served by eight [[AC Transit]] bus routes, which stop on both sides of San Leandro Street:<ref name=AClayout /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/HSP_CO-sched.pdf |title=Schedules & Fares: Coliseum Station, Oakland |publisher=Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref>

*Local routes [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|45]], [[All Nighter (night bus service)#Routes|73]], [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|90]], and [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|98]] *[[All Nighter (bus service)|All Nighter]] route [[All Nighter (night bus service)#Routes|805]] *[[Limited-stop]] route [[List of AC Transit routes#Local service|46L]] *School routes [[List of AC Transit routes#School service|646 and 657]]

In addition, several fare-free local shuttle routes stop at the BART passenger loading zone on the southeastern corner of San Leandro Street and 71st Avenue.<ref name=AClayout /> These include the [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] [[East Oakland, Oakland, California|East Oakland]] Shuttle, which connects the station with county offices at [[Eastmont Town Center]], Edgewater Drive, and Enterprise Way, as well as shuttle buses serving the nearby [[Bay Farm Island, Alameda, California#Harbor Bay Isle|Harbor Bay]] Business Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acgov.org/sustain/what/transportation/sp.htm |title=Shuttles to County Buildings |publisher=Alameda County |date=March 23, 2020 |access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobilityplanners.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/AlamedaTDM_FinalReport_Final_2012_03_20.pdf |title=Report for: City of Alameda TSM/TDM Plan |author=City of Alameda Public Works Department |date=February 15, 2012 |page=20 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106050809/http://www.mobilityplanners.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/AlamedaTDM_FinalReport_Final_2012_03_20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://altrans.net/hbbp/ |title=Harbor Bay Business Park Shuttle |publisher=ALTRANS Transportation Management Association |access-date=September 6, 2023}}</ref> {{clear left}}

==History== ===BART=== [[File:Pedestrian bridge from Coliseum BART to Oakland Coliseum 3.JPG|thumb|left|The 1974-completed footbridge|alt=A concrete footbridge over railway tracks]] Original plans in 1960 for the [[BART]] system called for a station at 77th Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4081268374/in/album-72157622518181915/ |title=General Map: June 6, 1960 Routes: Peninsula line via Bayshore |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |date=June 6, 1960 |via=Erik Fischer on Flickr}}</ref> Around 1963, the planned station was relocated slightly north to 73rd Avenue to better serve the [[Oakland Coliseum|Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum]]/[[Oakland Arena|Coliseum Arena]] sports complex, which opened in 1966.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144332011/ |title=Cities Seek Changes In Transit |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=November 15, 1963 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> By August 1965, the city's preferred name for the station was "Coliseum–73rd Ave".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144328927/ |title=Differences On Transit Stop Names |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=August 24, 1965 |page=50 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In October 1965, a [[BART]] committee suggested the simpler '''Coliseum''', which was approved that December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144328585/ |title=A Name For BART Station? |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=October 20, 1965 |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144328970/ |title=Names Approved for 38 Rapid Transit Stations Around Bay |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=December 10, 1965 |page=10 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> By 1965, BART and Alameda County disagreed on who was responsible for providing access between the station and the sports complex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144331486/ |title=BART Looks Over Budget, Tax Jump |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=May 14, 1965 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A footbridge connecting the two was planned by 1967, though financing had not been arranged.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144579040/ |title=Financing Sought For Coliseum Ramp |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=October 31, 1967 |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

BART awarded a $1.13 million contract in June 1968 for construction of the station. While funding was not yet available for the walkway, the station design was [[futureproofing|futureproofed]] to permit its later addition.<ref name=stationjob>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/145445670/ |title=BART Awards Coliseum Station Job |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=June 7, 1968 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/145445658/ 6] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> BART agreed in September 1971 to contribute funds towards a footbridge; the Coliseum management similarly agreed that November.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/143705747/ |title=BART Will Share Cost of the Ramp |first=Harre W. |last=Demoro |author-link=Harre W. Demoro |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 24, 1971 |page=52 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144579084/ |title=Coliseum–BART Link Near OK |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 21, 1972 |page=13 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144578990/ |title=Coliseum Earmarks BART Walkway Funds |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=November 12, 1971 |page=23 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Design work began in mid-1972. BART would contribute $125,000 of the expected $1.5 million cost of the bridge; the Coliseum would add $375,000 and the federal government $1 million. The project also included an elevator between the fare lobby and platform, which was not included in the initial station construction.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/143718399/ |title=Strike Delays Elevator Service at Some Stations |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 10, 1972 |page=36 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-berkeley-gazette/144182783/ |title=BART Eyeing Ways To Improve Transit Of Berkeley Riders |newspaper=The Berkeley Gazette |date=June 30, 1972 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The station opened as part of the first segment of the BART system ({{bart|MacArthur}}–{{bart|Fremont}}) on September 11, 1972.<ref>{{BART History}}</ref>

Construction of the elevator began in February 1973.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent/144134431/ |title=Four BART Lines Make The System |newspaper=The Independent |date=February 26, 1973 |page=30 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The BART Board approved the footbridge plans and advertised the project for bidding in May 1973.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144182707/ |title= BART–Coliseum Walkway Approved |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=May 9, 1973 |page=41 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/145445137/ |title=Sparks Fly at BART Board Meeting |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |first=Harre W. |last=Demoro |date=May 25, 1973 |page=21 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> By mid-1974, construction was 80% complete.<ref name=annual1974>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportsanf1964sanf/page/138 |title=1973/74 Annual Report |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |year=1974 |page=5 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The footbridge initially opened on October 5, 1974 for the [[1974 American League Championship Series|American League playoffs]] and [[1974 World Series]].<ref name=annual1975 /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/145504950/ |title=BART to Playoffs |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=October 5, 1974 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/145504964/ |title=BART service for playoffs |newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner |date=October 4, 1974 |page=57 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=nov1974 /> However, it was closed on October 18, after the conclusion of the World Series, due to excessive swaying.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33598368/bart_coliseum_walkway_closed | title=Coliseum Walkway Closed |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=October 19, 1974 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref><ref name=annual1975>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportsanf1964sanf/page/152 |title=1974/75 Annual Report |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |year=1975 |page=5 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> BART approved funding for design work to strengthen the bridge in November 1974, and issued a construction contract in July 1975 to add additional bracing.<ref name=nov1974>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/contra-costa-times/145504992/ |title=BART ramp repair to cost $150,000 |first=Justin |last=Roberts |newspaper=Contra Costa Times |date=November 27, 1974 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/contra-costa-times/145505018/ 2] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/145506757/ |first=H. W. |last=Kusserow |title=BART stalls Oakland airport |newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner |date=July 25, 1975 |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

The footbridge reopened in October 1975 — just in time for the single [[1975 American League Championship Series|American League Championship Series game]] played at the Coliseum on October 7.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144184071/ |title=Repaired BART Walkway Open |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=October 20, 1975 |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In January 1976, an arbitration panel ordered the firm of [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]], which had designed the footbridge, to pay $44,131 of the $64,000 cost to strengthen the bridge. BART paid the remainder.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-argus/145506663/ |title=BART, architects to split costs |newspaper=The Argus |date=January 31, 1976 |page=9 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> [[Oakland International Airport#AirBART|AirBART]] bus service connecting the station with [[Oakland International Airport]] began on July 1, 1977.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-berkeley-gazette/145507262/ |title=BART airport service starts |newspaper=The Berkeley Gazette |date=July 1, 1977 |page=15 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/bartannualreport1976sanf/page/6 |title=1976/77 Annual Report |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |year=1977 |page=7 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The station was renamed '''Coliseum/Oakland Airport''' to reflect the new airport connection.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-argus/145507027/ |first=Bob |last=Norberg |title=BART proposes redesigning of Fremont station |newspaper=The Argus |date=June 8, 1977 |page=12 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Around 1978, the footbridge was retrofitted with higher fencing because Coliseum attendees had been throwing objects onto businesses below.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/145507332/ |title=Council to Rescue Coliseum Walkway Firms |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 2, 1977 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

===Amtrak=== [[File:Aerial view of Coliseum station complex (2), October 2020.JPG|thumb|right|Aerial view of the station complex|alt=Aerial view of a station complex with three platforms in an industrial area. A footbridge connects the platforms to a stadium.]] The [[Southern Pacific Railroad]] (SP) opened a station at Fitchburg (near 77th Avenue) on September 13, 1891, to serve a new housing development there.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/alameda-daily-argus/149224297/|title=Go And See The Town Of Fitchburg [advertisement] |newspaper=Alameda Daily Argus |date=September 19, 1891 |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> It was served by local trains, including Oakland–{{amtk|Hayward}} local trains added in 1895.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/149227108/ |title=Train Trips |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=March 29, 1895 |page=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A freight station was present at Kohler (near 66th Avenue) by 1899.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://cprr.org/Museum/SP_Station_Book_1899.pdf |title=Southern Pacific System: List of Officers, Agencies and Stations |date=January 1, 1899 |page=8 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref> During the 1900s, Fitchburg was primarily a [[flag stop]] on local trains running between Oakland and [[Niles Depot Museum|Niles]], [[Market Street Depot|San Jose]], or [[Livermore station|Livermore]]; Kohler was only used for freight.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1901-03-01Western70-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 70 for the Western Division |date=March 1, 1901 |pages=10, 11 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1908-05-24Western117-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 117 for the Western Division |date=May 24, 1908 |pages=10, 11 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref> On October 11, 1909, the SP opened its [[Stonehurst Branch]], which split from the [[Niles Subdivision|SP mainline]] at [[Elmhurst, Oakland, California|Elmhurst]]. The SP operated peak-hour Oakland–Stonehurst local trains; flag stops at Kohler and Fitchburg were among the intermediate stops.<ref name=ford>{{cite book |last=Ford |first=Robert S. |title=Red Trains in the East Bay |year=1977 |publisher=Interurban Press |isbn=0-916374-27-0|page=326}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-enquirer/149100584/ |title=Railroad Opens its Elmhurst Extension |newspaper=Oakland Enquirer |date=October 11, 1909 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1911-08-01Western-Ferries-Suburban23-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 23 for the Western Division Ferries and Suburban Trains |pages=14, 15 |date=August 1, 1911 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref> Other local trains continued to serve Fitchburg, but ceased stopping there between 1912 and 1914.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1912-04-28SP_Western143-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 143 for the Western Division |date=April 28, 1912 |pages=10, 11 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1914-10-05SP_Western156-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 156 for the Western Division |date=October 5, 1914 |pages=12–14 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref> On August 28, 1921, Stonehurst service was reduced to one daily round trip, with Kohler and Fitchburg closed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-francisco-bulletin/149292595/ |title=Important Change of Time Effective August 28, 1921 [advertisement] |newspaper=San Francisco Bulletin |date=August 19, 1921 |page=23 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-peninsula-times-tribune/149292577/ |title=Peninsula Trains Not Affected By S.P. Cancellation |newspaper=The Peninsula Times Tribune |date=August 3, 1921 |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=1921tt>{{cite book |url=https://wx4.org/to/foam/sp/maps/zukasETT/1921-09-18SP_Western178-TimZukas.pdf |title=Time Table 178 for the Western Division |date=September 19, 1921 |pages=12–14 |publisher=Southern Pacific Railroad}}</ref> Other passenger services continued to use the mainline until 1960, but did not stop at Kohler or Fitchburg.<ref name=1921tt /><ref name=capitol>{{Vurek-Capitol Corridor}}</ref>{{rp|7}}

Amtrak took over most remaining intercity passenger service, including SP trains, in 1971. The long-distance ''[[Coast Starlight]]'' began using the SP line between Oakland and San Jose. It served only the main downtown stops in Oakland: [[16th Street station (Oakland)|16th Street station]] until 1994, then [[Oakland–Jack London Square station]] from 1995 on. ''[[Capitol Corridor|Capitols]]'' (later ''Capitol Corridor'') service began in 1991; Oakland Coliseum was among the stations proposed in 1990 for the new service.<ref name=great /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/143661739/ |title=Commute train service back on track |first=Benny |last=Evangelista |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 24, 1990 |pages=A-6, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/143661921/ A-8] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In July 1994, the [[California Transportation Commission]] withdrew $2.1 million that it had previously allocated to the Oakland Coliseum station project. The commission cited increasing costs and disputes between Caltrans and the SP (which was taken over by the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] in 1997).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/144217924/ |title=Jack London station grant on track |first=Sam |last=Delson |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=July 11, 1994 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> For the 1999–2001 seasons, Amtrak operated [[Amtrak Thruway|Thruway buses]] between Jack London Square and the Coliseum for Oakland Raiders home games.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-modesto-bee/149514878/ |title=Notebook |first=Jim |last=Jenkins |newspaper=The Modesto Bee |date=September 8, 1999 |page=26 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/149514798/ |title=Donner hikes follow fresh trail into history |newspaper=The Sacramento Bee |date=September 17, 2000 |page=J6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-selma-enterprise/149514773/ |title=Ride a train with a Raider legend |newspaper=The Selma Enterprise |date=October 10, 2001 |page=12 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

In March 2002, the California Transportation Commission approved over $4 million in funds for an Oakland Coliseum station.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/merced-sun-star/149517607/ |title=$4 million granted for new Oakland rail station |newspaper=Merced Sun-Star |date=March 15, 2002 |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Other funding came from the Oakland Redevelopment Agency, [[Caltrans]], the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority, and the Alameda County Congestion Management Agency.<ref name=great>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatamericanstations.com/stations/oakland-coliseum-ca-oac/ |title=Oakland Coliseum, CA (OAC) |work=Great American Stations |publisher=Amtrak |access-date=June 17, 2024}}</ref> The station became part of a $88 million construction package, announced in September 2002, to increase ''Capitol Corridor'' frequency between Oakland and San Jose.<ref name=great /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-modesto-bee/149517992/ |title=Amtrak work to begin |newspaper=The Modesto Bee |date=September 27, 2002 |page=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/149518392/ |title=Amtrak injects $88 million into train system |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |date=September 28, 2002 |page=9 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> It was constructed on land formerly used for railroad purposes and auto scrap yards, necessitating decontamination before construction could begin.<ref name=settoroll /> Construction of the station began in September 2003, with completion then estimated in spring 2004.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/149519572/ |title=Amtrak work at Coliseum is under way |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |first=Josh |last=Richman |date=September 25, 2003 |page=Local 1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> '''Oakland Coliseum''' station ultimately opened on June 6, 2005, at a cost of $6.6 million. It included an [[accessibility|accessible]] connection to the footbridge, allowing a [[Grade separation#Footbridges and subways|grade separated]] transfer between the ''Capitol Corridor'' and BART.<ref name=settoroll>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/149520228/ |title=Amtrak set to roll into Coliseum stop |newspaper=Oakland Tribune |first=Chauncey |last=Bailey |date=May 26, 2005 |pages=Local 1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/149520286/ Local 5] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=great /> A $2.5 million reconstruction of the platform for [[accessibility]] took place in 2021.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://media.amtrak.com/2024/06/amtrak-celebrates-accessibility-upgrades-at-bay-area-stations/ |title=Amtrak Celebrates Accessibility Upgrades at Bay Area Stations |date=June 4, 2024 |publisher=Amtrak}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.capitolcorridor.org/blogs/get_on_board/station-accessibility-oakland-coliseum-station/ |title=Station Accessibility Improvements Set to Begin on Monday, August 23 at Oakland Coliseum Station |date=August 16, 2021 |publisher=Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority}}</ref>

===Oakland Airport Connector=== [[File:Coliseum Connections building, March 2025.JPG|thumb|right|The Coliseum Connections building in 2025|alt=A modern five-story apartment block]] BART considered plans for a rail link to Oakland International Airport as early as 1970, including a bi-directional loop off the main line, but no significant progress was made until the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=BART-Oakland International Airport Connector Final Environmental Impact Report/ Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume I – Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume I – Final Environmental Impact Statement |url=https://www.bart.gov/sites/default/files/docs/OAC_FEIR-FEIS_Volume_1_Part_1.pdf |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |date=March 2002}}</ref><ref name=healy>{{cite book |title=BART: The Dramatic History of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System |first=Michael |last=Healy |publisher=Heyday |year=2016 |isbn=9781597143707 |pages=341–345}}</ref> In 2009, the Oakland City Council approved the construction of the [[Oakland Airport Connector]], a {{convert|3.2|mi|km|adj=on}} [[automated guideway transit]] line. Construction on the line began in October 2010; it was renamed the Coliseum-Oakland International Airport line by BART.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones|first=Carolyn |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/07/BACC1A2F4B.DTL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011000525/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/07/BACC1A2F4B.DTL |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |title=Oakland unexpectedly OKs BART airport extension |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=October 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref name=healy /> The line's '''Coliseum''' station opened on November 21, 2014, along with the rest of the line. AirBART bus service between the station and the airport was discontinued. The name of the conventional BART station was changed back to Coliseum, allowing the terminus station at the airport to be named as [[Oakland International Airport station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/rapid-transit-light-rail/barts-oakland-airport-connector-one-year-away-from-completion.html |title=BART's Oakland Airport Connector one year away from completion |work=Railway Track & Structures |date=September 13, 2013}}</ref><ref name="OAK-open">{{cite press release |url=http://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2014/news20141121-0 |title=New BART service to Oakland International Airport now open |publisher=Bay Area Rapid Transit |date=November 21, 2014}}</ref>

In the early 2000s, planning began for [[transit-oriented development]] (TOD) to replace a station parking lot. The Coliseum Connections project, a [[modular construction|modular structure]] with 110 mixed-income units on a {{convert|1.3|acre|adj=on}} site, was constructed from November 2017 to April 4, 2019. The developers of the project lease the site from BART.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2019/local-leaders-agencies-developers-celebrate-completion-of-innovative-housing-project-with-grand-opening-of-coliseum-connections |title=Local Leaders, Agencies, Developers Celebrate Completion of Innovative Housing Project with Grand Opening of Coliseum Connections |date=April 4, 2019 |publisher=City of Oakland}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2020/news20200626 |title=Transit-oriented development takes off at BART: Coliseum Connections |date=June 26, 2020 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref> {{As of|2024}}, BART anticipates soliciting a developer between 2029 and 2033 for a second phase of TOD.<ref name=2024tod>{{cite book |url=https://www.bart.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024%20BART%20TOD%20Work%20Plan%20Update_Public%20Draft.pdf |page=16 |date=March 2024 |title=BART Transit-Oriented Development Program Work Plan: 2024 Update |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref> In August 2020, a mural by seven [[Oakland Unified School District]] students was completed in the pedestrian tunnel.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2020/news20200820 |title=Coliseum mural giving voice to Oakland students to be unveiled |date=August 20, 2020 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref>

Thirteen BART stations, including Coliseum, did not originally have faregates for passengers using the elevator. In 2020, BART started a project to add faregates to elevators at these stations. The new faregate in the BART lobby at Coliseum was installed in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Fare Gates & Station Hardening |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |url=https://www.bart.gov/about/projects/fare-gate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904224616/https://www.bart.gov/about/projects/fare-gate |archive-date=September 4, 2023 |date=July 2023}}</ref> BART installed second-generation fare gates for the Oakland Airport Connector from September 15–20, 2024, and for the main station from October 27 to November 1.<ref>{{multiref2|{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2024/news20240913 |title=Installation work to begin September 14th for Next Generation Fare Gates at Oakland International Airport Station |date=September 13, 2024 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}|{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204064640/https://www.bart.gov/about/projects/fare-gate |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |url=https://www.bart.gov/about/projects/fare-gate |title=New Fare Gates & Station Hardening |date=September 2024 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}|{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2024/news20241022-1 |title=Installation work to begin week of October 27th for Next Generation Fare Gates at Coliseum Station |date=October 22, 2024 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}}}</ref> The wheelchair lifts in the pedestrian tunnel were removed from service in 2024. {{As of|December 2024}}, replacements are expected to be completed in May 2025.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2024/news20241209 |title=Coliseum Station: wheelchair lifts out of service for renovations |date=December 9, 2024 |publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref> {{clear}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category}} {{Amtrak web|OAC|Oakland Coliseum}} *BART: [https://www.bart.gov/stations/cols Coliseum] *Capitol Corridor: [https://www.capitolcorridor.org/stations/oakland-coliseum/ Oakland Coliseum (OAC)]

{{navboxes|list1= {{Bay Area Rapid Transit}} {{Amtrak California stations}} {{Bay Area Rail Stations}} {{San Francisco Bay Area Public Transit}} {{Oakland, California}} }}

[[Category:Bay Area Rapid Transit stations in Alameda County, California]] [[Category:Stations on the Orange Line (BART)]] [[Category:Stations on the Green Line (BART)]] [[Category:Stations on the Blue Line (BART)]] [[Category:Stations on the Beige Line (BART)]] [[Category:Amtrak stations in Alameda County, California]] [[Category:Railway stations in Oakland, California]] [[Category:Bus stations in Alameda County, California]] [[Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 1972]] [[Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005]] [[Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 2014]] [[Category:Transit centers in the United States]] [[Category:1972 establishments in California]] [[Category:Airport transfer railway stations in the United States]]