O Death

{{short description|American folk song}} thumb|A graveyard in Virginia, displaying traditional Appalachian funerary decorations. "'''O Death'''", also known as "'''O, Death'''", "'''Oh Death'''", "'''Conversations with Death'''", or "'''A Conversation with Death'''", is a traditional Appalachian folk song, listed as number 4933 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The song is generally attributed to the musician and Baptist preacher Lloyd Chandler, but it was likely taken or adapted from folk songs already existing in the region. The song has been covered in a variety of contexts, including films, video games, and television.

== Variants == The version as performed by Lloyd Chandler and members of the Wallin family:

{{poemquote|Oh what is this I cannot see With icy hands gets a hold on me Oh I am Death, none can excel I open the doors of heaven and hell{{cite quote|date=June 2022}}}}

A modified version with a chorus and different tune, performed by Dock Boggs, Nimrod Workman, Ralph Stanley and others:

{{poemquote|Oh, Death Whoa, Death Won't you spare me over 'til another year? Well what is this that I can't see? With ice-cold hands taking hold of me Well I am Death, none can excel I'll open the door to Heaven or Hell}}

== Origin == thumb|First line reads: Death/ O, sinner I'm come by heaven's decree, my warrant is to summon thee.In 2004, the ''Journal of Folklore Research'' asserted that "O, Death" is Lloyd Chandler's song "A Conversation with Death", which Chandler performed in the 1920s while preaching in Appalachia.<ref name="cmt">{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Hazel|date=April 25, 2005|title=HOT DISH: The Preacher and the Song|url=http://www.cmt.com/news/hot-dish/1500637/hot-dish-the-preacher-and-the-song.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606214806/http://www.cmt.com/news/hot-dish/1500637/hot-dish-the-preacher-and-the-song.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 6, 2011|access-date=2008-12-28|work=CMT.com|publisher=Country Music Television}}</ref><ref name="lind">{{cite journal|last=Lindahl|first=Carl|date=May–August 2004|title=Thrills and Miracles: Legends of Lloyd Chandler|journal=Journal of Folklore Research|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume=41|issue=2–3|pages=133–171|doi=10.2979/JFR.2004.41.2-3.133|issn=0737-7037|jstor=3814588}}</ref> Chandler's daughter-in-law, Barbara, asserted that "O, Death" was based on Chandler's composition.<ref name="barb">{{cite journal|last=Chandler|first=Barbara|date=May–August 2004|title=Why I Believe That Lloyd Chandler Wrote "Conversation with Death," also Known as "O Death"|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/journal_of_folklore_research/v041/41.2chandlerb.html|journal=Journal of Folklore Research|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume=41|issue=2|pages=127–132|doi=10.1353/jfr.2005.0001|s2cid=145656061 |issn=0737-7037|accessdate=2008-12-28|url-access=subscription}}</ref> However, Chandler seems to have taken the song from another source or at least based it on an older version.

In 1913, the Journal of American Folklore printed a version sung by "Eastern North Carolina Negroes" 1908:{{blockquote|Sinner, I come to you by Hebbin's decree;

This very night you must go wid me.

O-o death! O-o death!

How kin I go wid you?

"Jes' like a flower in its bloom,

Why should you cut me down so soon?

O-o death! O-o death!

How kin I go wid you?<ref>{{Cite web|title=O Death (Roud Folksong Index S274695)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S274695|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref>}}This version seems closer to the version first performed by Dock Boggs than Chandler's "original" version.

Encounters with a personified "Death" featured in traditional English songs which possibly date to the 14th century,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gilchrist|first=Anne G.|date=1941|title="Death and the Lady" in English Balladry|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4521180|journal=Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society|volume=4|issue=2|pages=37–48|jstor=4521180 |issn=0071-0563}}</ref> including "Death and the Lady" (Roud 1031), which was found in the oral tradition in early twentieth century England.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Death and the Lady (Roud 1031)|url=https://mainlynorfolk.info/shirley.collins/songs/deathandthelady.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=mainlynorfolk.info}}</ref> "O Death" bears a strong resemblance to a broadside ballad printed in Ireland in 1870, entitled "A Dialogue Between Death & the Sinner"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dialogue between death & the sinner - Old age & death - English ballads - National Library of Scotland|url=https://digital.nls.uk/english-ballads/archive/74894926#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-4813,-887,12125,6758|access-date=2020-11-13|website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> (pictured).

==Recordings== 1920's Country blues banjo player Moran Lee "Dock" Boggs recorded the song in 1963 after his 'rediscovery' during the Folk Music Revival.<ref>{{cite web|title=Song 'Oh, Death' dates back to the late 1920s and before|url=http://www.kansas.com/2004/08/21/19245/song-oh-death-dates-back-to-the.html|last=Sylvester|first=Ron|date=March 14, 2007|publisher=The Wichita Eagle|website=Kansas.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926045851/https://www.kansas.com/2004/08/21/19245/song-oh-death-dates-back-to-the.html|archive-date=September 26, 2013|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> A recording from the 1938 National Folk Festival in Washington, D.C. by an unknown singer is held by the Library of Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/afc9999005.3281/|title=Oh death|website=Library of Congress|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Various folk music artists included "O, Death" on musical collections throughout the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Wichita Eagle, Op. cit.">''Wichita Eagle'', ''Op. cit.''</ref> It is sung in the 1976 Barbara Kopple documentary ''Harlan County, USA'' by early union activist and coal miner Nimrod Workman, a well known folk music singer from Mingo County, West Virginia. In the 1960s, Alan Lomax recorded the folk and gospel singer Bessie Jones singing "O Death".<ref>{{Cite web|title=O Death, by Bessie Jones and the Georgia Sea Island Singers|url=https://alanlomaxarchive.bandcamp.com/track/o-death|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Alan Lomax Archive|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bessie Jones and the Georgia Sea Island Singers: Get in Union|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/bessie-jones-and-the-georgia-sea-island-get-in-union/|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Pitchfork|language=en}}</ref>

Lloyd Chandler's recording of "A Conversation with Death" appears on Rounder Records 1975 release ''High Atmosphere: Ballads and Banjo Tunes from Virginia and North Carolina'', a collection of recordings made by John Cohen.

Among the most famous recordings is Ralph Stanley's version in the 2000 Coen brothers film (and soundtrack album) ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'', for which Stanley won the Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance in 2002.<ref name="Wichita Eagle, Op. cit."/> The soundtrack's producer, T-Bone Burnett, originally asked for a banjo rendition emulating Dock Boggs, but Stanley convinced him otherwise with an a cappella performance in the style of the Appalachian Primitive Baptist Universalist church.<ref>"Old-Time Man" interview by Don Harrison June 2008 ''[http://www.virginialiving.com Virginia Living]'', p. 57.</ref> The song also appears in episode 7 of the second season of television series ''Fargo'', inspired by another Coen brothers film of the same name. The version used in this episode was recorded by Shakey Graves with Monica Martin of Phox.

"O, Death" has appeared twice in American television series ''Supernatural'', both times in connection with the show's personification of Death, portrayed by Julian Richings: the 2010 episode "Two Minutes to Midnight" featured a version by Jen Titus; Lisa Berry performed the song in character as Billie in the 2015 episode "Form and Void". The version sung by Vera Hall was featured in episode three of the first season of ''Altered Carbon'', a Netflix original.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nocleansinging.com/2018/02/04/o-death-altered-carbon-vera-hall-ralph-stanley-jen-titus-a-hill-to-die-upon-khemmis/ |title=O DEATH: ALTERED CARBON, VERA HALL, RALPH STANLEY, JEN TITUS, A HILL TO DIE UPON, KHEMMIS |date=February 4, 2018 |access-date=February 7, 2018 |work=No Clean Singing}}</ref>

A version by Jeff Grace, performed by Amy Van Roekel, was featured in ''Until Dawn'', a 2015 horror video game by Supermassive Games. The 2024 remake of the game attracted criticism for omitting the song.<ref name=UntilDawn>Cooper, Dalton. [https://gamerant.com/until-dawn-remake-o-death-song-gone/ Until Dawn Remake is Missing an Iconic Feature from the Original Game], ''GameRant''.</ref> The song returned for ''Until Dawn''{{'}}s spiritual successor, the ''Dark Pictures Anthology'',<ref name=UntilDawn /> with a folk metal recording by the band Khemmis as part of the series intro and a unique recording over the outro of each of the four episodes. ''O Death'' was trademarked in 2022 as the name of the upcoming eighth and final ''Dark Pictures'' game.<ref>Gina. [https://www.cbr.com/dark-pictures-anthology-season-2-curator-reveal-bandai-namco/ Will Dark Pictures Anthology Season 2 Reveal the Curator's Identity?] ''CBR''.</ref>

A written version of the lyrics were included in a letter sent by Dennis Rader to KAKE-TV in 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-25 |title=Excerpts of Letters From BTK Killer |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/excerpts-of-letters-from-btk-killer |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Associated Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== List of versions === *Vera Hall, as ''Death Have Mercy'' (1959) *John Reedy, on Starday Records, (1961).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/John-Reedy-And-His-Stone-Mountain-Trio-Oh-Death/release/11494528|title=John Reedy And His Stone Mountain Trio - Oh, Death|website=Discogs|date=1961 |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> *Kaleidoscope, on ''Side Trips'' (1967). *Camper Van Beethoven, with variant lyrics and melody, on ''Our Beloved Revolutionary Sweetheart'' (1988). *Mike Seeger with the medieval ensemble Hesperus, on ''Crossing Over'' (1988). *Faun Fables, on a reissue of ''Early Song'' (2004). *Sam Amidon, on ''All is Well'' (2008). *John Cygan as protagonist Silas Greaves in the video game ''Call of Juarez: Gunslinger'' (2013).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://genius.com/Silas-greaves-oh-death-lyrics |title=Oh Death |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=Genius}}</ref> *Joshua Eustis (formerly of Telefon Tel Aviv), under the moniker "Sons of Magdalene" on ''Move to Pain'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sonsofmagdalene.bandcamp.com/track/o-death|title=O, Death, by Sons of Magdalene|website=Sons of Magdalene|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> *Kate Mann, in ''Rattlesnake on the Road'' (2014). *Gangstagrass, on ''Broken Hearts and Stolen Money'' (2014). *A Hill to Die Upon recorded an extreme metal variant with harpist Timbre on ''Holy Despair'' (2014). * English folk-rock band ''False Lights'', on ''Salvor'' (2015). *Amy van Roekel, for the video game ''Until Dawn'' (2015). *Bitter End, on ''Illusions of Dominance'' (2015). *Rising Appalachia with a spoken word interlude by Theresa Davis, on ''Wider Circles'' (2015). * Americana musician Shakey Graves, on ''Fargo'' (2016) *Diamanda Galás, on ''Guilty Guilty Guilty'' (2008), ''All the Way'' (2017), and ''At Saint Thomas the Apostle Harlem'' (2017). * American metal band Khemmis recorded a doom metal version on a split EP with Spirit Adrift (2017) and for the video game series ''The Dark Pictures Anthology''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://decibelmagazine.com/blog/2017/5/2/khemmis-have-a-conversation-with-death |title=Khemmis Have "A Conversation with Death" |first=Daniel |last=Lake |date=2 May 2017 |access-date=20 November 2017 |newspaper=Decibel Magazine}}</ref> *Rhiannon Giddens feat. Francesco Turrisi, on ''They're Calling Me Home'' (2021). *Jason Graves on the soundtrack for ''The Dark Pictures Anthology: The Devil in Me'' (2022). *Witchouse 40k, on ''Ghostlands'' (2025).

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{cite web|url=https://www.stlyrics.com/lyrics/obrotherwhereartthou/odeath.htm|title=O Death lyrics by Ralph Stanley from O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack.|website=Stlyrics.com|access-date=27 January 2019}}

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Category:American folk songs Category:Songs about death Category:Death music