NATO military rank codes

{{Short description|Military rank equivalents within NATO}} {{Infobox treaty | name = | long_name = Nato Codes for Grades of Military Personnel | image = STANAG_2116_Ed_6.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt =  | caption = STANAG 2116 (Edition 6), effective 25 February 2010 to 13 January 2021 | type = NATO standard | context = | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{Start date|df=y|2022|06|16}} (current) | location_signed = | provisional_application = | parties = NATO members | languages =  | footnotes = }} {{Military ranks|state=uncollapsed}}

'''NATO military ranks''' use a standardized system of codes (OF for officers, OR for other ranks) to allow for comparison between member nations, though the specific names for each rank vary by country.

== Rank codes == NATO maintains a "standard rank scale" which is also known as a "standardized reference system" in an attempt to standardize NATO codes of rank for military personnel and indicated correspondence with nations ranks. NATO's standardized reference system is intended to be used "by nations when preparing personnel tables, requisitions, reports and returns destined for NATO nations, organizations and commands."{{sfn|APersP-01|p=1-1}}

The NATO codes assigned for each grade are based on the agreed corresponding army grades with the naval and air forces grades determined from them by "national regulations".{{sfn|APersP-01|p=1-1}}

The NATO rank reference code categories were established in STANAG 2116 (formally titled ''NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel''). It is known for certain that STANAG 2116 was ratified by Denmark on 19 January 1971 and that the 3rd edition of STANAG 2116 was adopted no later than October 1975.{{sfn|Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed.3)}} The current- 7th - edition is just the cover, and the core of the standard is in set out in APersP-01 Ed. A.{{sfn|STANAG 2116 (Ed.7)}}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Revision History ! Edition/Version ! Date |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.1 | approximately 1971{{sfn|Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed.3)}} |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.2 | no data |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.3 | no later than October 1975{{sfn|Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed.3)}} |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.4 | June 14, 1978{{sfn|STANAG 2116 (Ed.5)}} |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.5 | March 13, 1996{{sfn|STANAG 2116 (Ed.5)}} |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.6 | February 25, 2010{{sfn|STANAG 2116 (Ed.6)}} |- | STANAG 2116 Ed.7, APersP-01 Ed.A V.1 | January 13, 2021 <ref name="GlobalSpec">{{cite web |website=GlobalSpec |title=NATO - APERSP-01 |url=https://standards.globalspec.com/std/14521596/apersp-01 }}</ref> |- | APersP-01 Ed.A V.2 | March 11, 2022 <ref name="GlobalSpec"/> |- | APersP-01 Ed.A V.3 | June 16, 2022 <ref name="GlobalSpec"/> |}

=== Officers codes === OF-10 – OF-1 (highest to lowest rank code) are used for commissioned officers:{{sfn|APersP-01|p=1-1}} * OF-10 – OF-6: General officers * OF-5 – OF-3: Senior officers * OF-2 – OF-1: Junior officers

According to the standard, OF-10 is a national title,{{efn|Marshal, Captain General etc.}} so it is not found in most of the armed forces of NATO countries, including the US Armed Forces.{{efn|The ranks of General of the Army, Fleet Admiral and General of the Air Force are reserved for wartime use only and designated in previous editions of STANAG 2116 as OF-10, but not listed in the current version of the standard.}} For example, in the French Armed Forces OF-10 is not a rank but a title, which corresponds moreover to a high position in the state.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=A-7, B-8, C-7}} There is no OF-10 in the British Royal Marines;{{efn|Captain General Royal Marines is the title of the ceremonial head of the Royal Marines. The uniform and insignia currently worn by the Captain General are those of a Field Marshal (OF-10). }} in the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, rank OF-10 is applicable in wartime only.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=A-8, B-8, C-7}} The armed forces of Albania, Latvia and Luxembourg also lack the OF-9 rank.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=A-1, A-4}}

=== Other ranks codes === OR-9 – OR-1 (highest to lowest rank code) are used for other ranks (enlisted ranks and non-commissioned officers (NCO)):{{sfn|APersP-01|p=1-1}} * OR-9 – OR-5: Non-commissioned officers * OR-4 – OR-1: Other ranks/enlisted ranks

For NATO purposes, NCOs are ranked OR-5 to OR-9.{{sfn|APersP-01|p=1-1}} However, national rank structures might differentiate from this.

In the U.S. armed forces, warrant officer is a separate and distinct category of officers. This officer rank and precedence is below those of officer personnel, but above that of non-officer personnel, and has a special group of codes (W-1 – W-5).{{sfn|APersP-01|p=А-10}} In the Commonwealth tradition (for NATO the British Armed Forces and Canadian Armed Forces) warrant officers are the highest other ranks.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=D-1, D-3}}

In the British Armed Forces senior non-commissioned officers (e.g. sergeants) are in OR-5 to OR-7 and junior non-commissioned officers (e.g. corporals) are in OR-3 and OR-4.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=D-8, Е-7, F-7}} In the U.S. military OR-5 and above are non-commissioned officers for the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force but in the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy (both parts of the Department of the Navy), OR-4 and above are non-commissioned officers.<ref>{{cite web |website=U.S. Department of Defense |title=U.S. Military Rank Insignia |url=https://www.war.gov/Resources/Insignia/ }}</ref>

=== Comparison to US system === The numbers in the system broadly correspond to the U.S. uniformed services pay grades, with OR-x replacing E-x. The main difference is in the commissioned officer ranks, where the US system recognizes two grades at OF-1 level (O-1 and O-2), meaning that all O-x numbers after O-1 are one point higher on the US scale than they are on the NATO scale (e.g. a major is OF-3 on the NATO scale and O-4 on the US scale). For warrant officers, NATO codes and U.S. uniformed services pay grades are equivalent.{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=A-10, B-9, C-9}}

{| class="wikitable" |+Officer ranks |- {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}} {{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}} |- style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%" ! Uniformed services pay grade !! colspan=2 | Special grade !! colspan=2 | O-10 !! colspan=2 | O-9 !! colspan=2 | O-8 !! colspan=2 | O-7 !! colspan=2 | O-6 !! colspan=2 | O-5 !! colspan=2 | O-4 !! colspan=2 | O-3 !! colspan=3 | O-2 !! colspan=3 | O-1 |}

{| class="wikitable" |+Other ranks |- style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;" ! Rank group ! colspan=22| Non-commissioned officers ! colspan=14| Enlisted {{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}} {{United States uniformed services pay grades/enlisted/blank}} |}

== Officer rank code application == {{see also|NATO Joint Military Symbology}}

Annex B to APP-06 (related to STANAG 2019{{sfn|STANAG 2019|p=1}}) standard lists 11 formation/unit groups (13 in U.S. Armed Forces from 0 to 12) and identifies the command level of some of them:{{sfn|Annex B to APP-06|pp=795–796}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan="2"| Group !rowspan="2"| Symbol !rowspan="2"| Unit !colspan="3"| Commanding officer |- ! § B.2 of APP-06 !in U.S.<ref name="Military Units: Army">{{cite web |author1= |title=Military Units: Army |url=https://www.war.gov/Multimedia/Experience/Military-Units/Army/ |website=U.S. Department of Defense }}</ref><ref name="Military Units: Marine Corps">{{cite web |author1= |title=Military Units: Marine Corps |url=https://www.war.gov/Multimedia/Experience/Military-Units/marine-corps/ |website=U.S. Department of Defense }}</ref> ! in UK<ref>{{cite web |author1= |title=Rank Structure |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/our-people/ranks/ |website=British Army }}</ref> |- | Group 11 | '''☓☓☓☓☓''' | Army Group | joint force commander | OF-9 | OF-9 |- | Group 10 | '''☓☓☓☓''' | Army{{efn|the largest tactical and administrative formation of armed forces}} | ― | OF-8 or OF-9 | OF-8<ref>{{cite web |author1= |title=Command Structure |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/learn-and-explore/about-the-army/command-structure/ |website=British Army }}</ref> |- | Group 9 | '''☓☓☓''' | Corps | normally OF-8 | OF-8 | OF-8 |- | Group 8 | '''☓☓''' | Division | normally OF-7 | OF-7{{efn|assisted by two principal OF-6}} | OF-7 |- | Group 7 | '''☓''' | Brigade{{efn|name=differs}} | normally OF-5 or OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-6 |- | Group 6 | '''<nowiki>❘ ❘ ❘</nowiki>''' | Regiment{{efn|name=differs|the meaning of brigade and regiment differs across armies and branch of service, and other names may be used}} | usually OF-4, OF-5 or OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-5 or OF-4 |- | Group 5 | '''<nowiki>❘ ❘</nowiki>''' | Battalion{{efn |name=varies}} | OF-3 or OF-4 | OF-4 | OF-4 |- | Group 4 | '''<nowiki>❘</nowiki>''' | Company{{efn |name=varies|depending on army and service arm may be known by other names}} | OF-2 or OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-3{{efn|OF-2 is second-in-command}} |- | Group 3{{efn|may or may not require administrative support, group 2 and group 1 requires administrative and logistical support}} | ●●● | Platoon{{efn |name=varies}} | OF-1/OF-2 or OR-7/OR-8 | OF-1 | OF-1 |}

== Non-officer rank code criteria == The Bilateral Strategic Command Directive 040-002 "NATO Non-Commissioned Officer and Junior Officer Bi-Strategic Command Employment and Development Strategy" (19 December 2023), based on the NATO Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) and Junior Officer (JO) Bi-SC Strategy and NCO Guidelines{{sfn|NATO NCO Bi-SC Strategy and NCO Guidelines|pp=A-5, A-6}} describes the NATO rank indicators for NCOs:{{sfn|Bi-SC Directive 040-002|pp=7–8}}

* OR-1 {{emdash}} OR-3: "These are the basic entry ranks into the military structure." * OR-4: "The first level of leadership within the NATO NCO ranks." * OR-5: "The OR-5 is the first NATO designated NCO grade and the level of leadership with the greatest impact on subordinate ranks." * OR-6: "This is the first grade at which OR should be considered for Staff NCO duties at NATO higher headquarters employment. As such some NATO nations may recognize OR-6 through OR-9 as Senior NCOs (SNCO) or Warrant Officers (WO)." * OR-7: "The OR-7 is empowered and considered a key element within the command structure. At this level, SNCOs are expected to be able to provide sound advice to their leadership. While no formal mandate exists, this is the level at which, when consistent with their national authorities, SNCOs start to provide mentorship/assistance for Junior Officers (OF-1/OF-2)." * OR-8: "Uses enhanced leadership skills and broad operational experience to advise unit/element leaders and commanders on organizational effectiveness. OR-8s are expected to merge subordinates talents, skills, and resources with other NATO cross functional team(s) and organization(s) to implement planning and management processes for collective mission accomplishment." * OR-9: "The most experienced SNCO within the NATO NCO structure. This grade is normally utilized in an advisory capacity when assigned to a higher headquarters."

== Non-NATO use of NATO rank codes ==

Based on the intentions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ukraine to join NATO, NATO codes for military ranks have been officially introduced in these countries. Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a corresponding law in 2005.{{sfn|Law on Service in the Armed Forces of B&H|pp=33–34}} In Ukraine, the introduction of NATO codes for military ranks took place during 2019–2021, including: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Date !Event |- |Oct. 17, 2019 |the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) adopted the Law of Ukraine No. 205-IX (came into force on October 1, 2020)<ref>{{cite web |author1= |language=Ukrainian |title=Закон України від 17.10.2019 № 205-IX (перша редакція) |trans-title=The Law of Ukraine No. 205-IX dated October 17, 2019 (first version) |website=zakon.rada.gov.ua |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/205-20/ed20191017?lang=en#Text }}</ref> which introduced sergeant ranks in the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to NATO standards{{sfn|Research Service of the Verkhovna Rada|2023|p=4}}{{efn|a new scale of military ranks for privates, sergeants and petty officers has been introduced, which correspond to the equivalent NATO Code column according to STANAG 2116; a new classification of NCO ranks (junior NCOs, senior NCOs, higher NCOs) was introduced; the warrant officer ranks (praporshchik, starshy praporshchik, michman, starshy michman) were abolished}} |- |Jun. 4, 2020<td>the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Law of Ukraine No. 680-IX (came into force on October 1, 2020)<ref>{{cite web |author1= |language=Ukrainian |title=Закон України від 04.06.2020 № 680-IX |trans-title=The Law of Ukraine No. 680-IX dated June 4, 2020 |website=zakon.rada.gov.ua |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/680-20?lang=en#Text }}</ref> which introduced general officer ranks in the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to NATO standards{{efn|the ranks of brigadier general and commodore were introduced; the ranks of first sergeant and colonel general were replaced by chief sergeant and general; the rank of general of the Army of Ukraine was abolished}} |- |Sep. 7, 2020<td>the Order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine No. 317 approved the List of T/О-positions of privates and NCOs and their corresponding military ranks and tariff categories of positions, which came into force on January 1, 2021<ref>{{cite web |author1= |language=Ukrainian |title=Наказ Міністерства Оборони України № 317 від 07.09.2020 |trans-title=Order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine No. 317 dated Sep. 7, 2020 |website=mod.gov.ua |url=https://mod.gov.ua/diyalnist/normativno-pravova-baza/nakaz-ministerstva-oboroni-ukraini-n-317-vid-07-09-2020-pro-zatvedzhennia-perelikiv-viiskovo-oblikovikh-spetsialnostei-i-shtatnikh-posad-riadovogo-serzhanskogo-i-starshinskogo-skladu-i-tarifnikh-posad }}</ref>{{efn|the new list of positions was created taking into account the requirements of the NATO Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Bi-Strategic Command Strategy and Recommended NCO Guidelines}} |- |Oct. 13, 2020<td>the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 431/2020 amended the List of positions subject to replacement by general officers, taking into account the new system of military ranks<ref>{{cite web |author1= |language=Ukrainian |title=Указ Президента України № 431/2020 |trans-title=Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 431/2020 |website=www.president.gov.ua |date=13 October 2020 |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/4312020-35285 }}</ref> |- |Jan. 6, 2021<td>the website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine reported that "By order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine, the List of NATO military rank codes is being implemented according to the NATO standard STANAG 2116" <ref> {{Cite web | website=www.kmu.gov.ua |language=Ukrainian |date=6 January 2021 |title=Українські військові звання переведено на коди військових рангів НАТО, - Андрій Таран |trans-title=Ukrainian military ranks have been transferred to NATO military rank codes, - Andriy Taran |url=https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/ukrayinski-vijskovi-zvannya-perevedeno-na-kodi-vijskovih-rangiv-nato-andrij-taran }} </ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian military ranks replaced with NATO military rank codes |date=6 January 2021 |url=https://rubryka.com/en/2021/01/06/ukrayinski-vijskovi-zvannya-perevely-na-kody-vijskovyh-rangiv-nato |website=rubryka.com }}</ref>{{sfn|mod.gov.ua|2026|p=4 }} |} Some European NATO partners such as Austria<ref>{{cite web |title=Rank Insignias |url=https://www.bundesheer.at/en/rank-insignias |website=Bundesheer}}</ref> and Ireland{{sfn|RDFRA|2021|pp=42–43}}{{sfn|De Barra|2022|pp=99–100}} describe their ranks in terms of NATO rank codes for comparison with NATO forces. Finland and Sweden also had a conversion table to NATO standards prior to becoming a NATO member.{{sfn|Pulkki|2009|pp=12-13}}

== Mapping to "star ranks" == {{main|Military star ranking}} General officer grades are usually defined by the number of stars they ‘wear’. In the third edition of the STANAG 2116, OF-6 to OF-10 were described as "to be used for one to five star ranks or equivalents respectively".{{sfn|Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed.3)|p=2}} In the fourth through sixth editions of the standard, the term 'four star' was used for the OF-9 of the Italian and Portuguese armed forces.{{sfn|Annex 3A to BRd 2|pp=3A-5,3A-7}} APersP-01 Ed. A clarified that in the French forces the OF-9 "is the highest rank in the hierarchy … therefore, carry the 4 stars and 5 stars rank marks".{{sfn|APersP-01|pp=A-8,B-8,C-7}}

== Comparative ranks of member armed forces ==

* Ranks and insignia of NATO member army officers * Ranks and insignia of NATO member army enlisted * Ranks and insignia of NATO member air force officers * Ranks and insignia of NATO member air force enlisted * Ranks and insignia of NATO member navy officers * Ranks and insignia of NATO member navy enlisted

==Notes== {{notelist}}

== References == === Citations === {{reflist}}

=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |author1= |title='''APersP-01''': NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel (Ed. A, Ver. 3) |date=16 June 2022 |publisher=NATO Standardization Office |location=Brussels, Belgium |url=https://nso.nato.int/nso/nsdd/main/standards/ap-details/3319/EN |ref = {{harvid|APersP-01}} }} * {{cite book |author1= |title='''STANAG 2019''': NATO Joint Military Symbology (Ed. 8) |date=11 October 2023 |publisher=NATO Standardization Office |location=Brussels, Belgium |url=https://nso.nato.int/nso/nsdd/main/standards/stanag-details/9441/EN |ref = {{harvid|STANAG 2019 }} }} * {{cite book |author1= |title='''STANAG 2116''': NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel (Ed. 7) |date=13 January 2021 |publisher=NATO Standardization Office |location=Brussels, Belgium |url=https://nso.nato.int/nso/nsdd/main/standards/stanag-details/8939/EN |ref = {{harvid|STANAG 2116 (Ed.7) }} }} * {{cite book |author1= |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/963427430/STANAG2116-Ed6 |title='''STANAG 2116''': NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel (Ed. 6) |date=25 February 2010 |publisher=NATO Standardization Agensy |location=Brussels, Belgium |ref = {{harvid|STANAG 2116 (Ed.6) }} |language = en}} * {{cite book |author1= |title='''STANAG 2116''': NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel (Ed. 5) |date=13 March 1996 |publisher=Military Standardization Agency |location=Brussels, Belgium |url=https://hhk.uni-nke.hu/document/hhk-uni-nke-hu/NATO_CODES_OF_RANKS.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313155730/https://hhk.uni-nke.hu/document/hhk-uni-nke-hu/NATO_CODES_OF_RANKS.pdf |url-status=live |ref = {{harvid|STANAG 2116 (Ed.5) }} }} * {{cite book |author1= |title='''BRd 2''': The Queen's regulations for the Royal Navy (Ver. 6) |date= April 2017 |section=Annex 3A: NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel – STANAG 2116 (Ed. 4) |publisher=Navy Publications and Graphics Organisation |location= Fareham, England |url=https://cd.royalnavy.mod.uk/-/media/rnweb/footer-pages-documents-and-images/brd_2_bookv6.pdf |pages= 3A-1–3A-13 (60–72) |ref = {{harvid|Annex 3A to BRd 2}} }} * {{cite book |author1= |pages= 795–826 (829–860) |chapter=Annex B: Comparative Formation/Unit Designations |title='''APP-06''': NATO Joint Military Symbology (Ed. E, Ver. 1) |date=11 October 2023 |publisher= NATO Standardization Office |location=Brussels, Belgium |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/962977328/APP-06-EdE-V1#page=829 |ref = {{harvid|Annex B to APP-06}} }} * {{cite web |author1= |title=Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed. 3) |date=October 1975 |publisher=Chief of the Royal Danish Navy |location=Vedbaek, Denmark |url=http://www.marinehist.dk/orlogsbib/n/NATO-Grad.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014143755/http://www.marinehist.dk/orlogsbib/n/NATO-Grad.pdf |url-status=live |ref = {{harvid|Extract of STANAG 2116 (Ed.3) }} }} * {{cite web |website=shape.nato.int |url=https://shape.nato.int/resources/site7234/General/BISCD040-002%20NATO%20NCO_JO%20Employment%20and%20Development%20Strat.pdf |date=19 December 2023 |ref = {{harvid|Bi-SC Directive 040-002 }} |title= '''Bi-SC Directive 040-002''': NATO Non-Commissioned Officer and Junior Officer Bi-Strategic Command Employment and Development Strategy }} * {{Cite web |website=shape.nato.int |date=15 September 2017 |title=NATO Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Bi-Strategic Command Strategy and NCO Guidelines |url=https://shape.nato.int/resources/site7234/general/nco%20leadership/nato-non-commissioned-officer%20bi-strategic-command-strategy-and-nco-guidelines-nu-18sept17.pdf |ref = {{harvid|NATO NCO Bi-SC Strategy and NCO Guidelines}} }} * {{cite book |author1= |language=Bosnian |title=Zakon o službi u Oružanim snagama Bosne i Hercegovine |trans-title=The Law on Service in the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina |date=5 October 2005 |url=http://www.mod.gov.ba/files/file/zakoni/Zakon-o-sluzbi-bs.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618222544/http://www.mod.gov.ba/files/file/zakoni/Zakon-o-sluzbi-bs.pdf#page=33 |archive-date=2024-06-18 |ref = {{harvid|Law on Service in the Armed Forces of B&H }} }} * {{cite web |author1= |language=Ukrainian |website=Research Service of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine |title=Оглядове досьє щодо аналізу положень законодавчих актів, прийнятих за час роботи Верховної Ради України дев'ятого скликання, спрямованих на імплементацію та/чи наближення до стандартів НАТО |trans-title=Review dossier on the analysis of the provisions of legislative acts passed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the ninth convocation aiming towards the implementation of and/or approximation to NATO standards |date=21 July 2023 |url=https://research.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/32502.pdf |ref = {{harvid|Research Service of the Verkhovna Rada|2023}} }} * {{cite web |language=Ukrainian |title=Перелік чинних стандартів НАТО, прийнятих у Міністерстві оборони України, Збройних Силах України та інших складових сектору безпеки і оборони |trans-title=List of current NATO standards adopted by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense sector |url=https://mod.gov.ua/diyalnist/normativno-pravova-baza/perelik-chinnih-standartiv-nato-prijnyatih-u-ministerstvi-oboroni-ukrayini-zbrojnih-silah-ukrayini-ta-inshih-skladovih-sektoru-bezpeki-i-oboroni |date=18 February 2026 |website=mod.gov.ua |ref = {{harvid|mod.gov.ua|2026}} }} * {{cite book |author1= |title=RDFRA submission to the Commission on the Defence Forces |date=January 2021 |publisher=Reserve Defence Force Representative Association |url=https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/135988/689007e7-5e0c-48a1-820e-f2ba51060e0e.pdf#page=null |ref={{SfnRef|RDFRA|2021 }} }} * {{cite magazine |last= De Barra |first=Ruairi |title=From Aspiration to Action. Exploring New Horizons for the Defence Forces Senior Enlisted Leaders |magazine=Defence Forces review 2022 |date= 2022 |pages=97–104 |url=https://www.military.ie/en/members-area/members-area-files/defence-forces-review-2022-digital.pdf }} * {{cite journal |last1=Pulkki |first1=Arto |title=NATO-Maiden Sotilas- Ja Palvelusarvot |journal=Helsingin Reservin Sanomat |date=30 January 2009 |pages=12–13 |url=http://reservinsanomat.fi/wp-content/uploads/reservinsanomat_2009_1_web.pdf |language=fi |issn=0355-824X |archive-date=2021-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722190157/http://reservinsanomat.fi/wp-content/uploads/reservinsanomat_2009_1_web.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}}

Category:Military ranks of NATO