{{Short description|Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland}} {{other places|Nowa Ruda (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Nowa Ruda | image_skyline = 2014 Nowa Ruda, rynek 01.JPG | image_caption = Market Square and Town Hall in Nowa Ruda | image_flag = POL Nowa Ruda flag.svg | image_shield = POL Nowa Ruda COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = right | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lower Silesian Voivodeship|name=Lower Silesian}} | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Kłodzko | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Nowa Ruda <small>(urban gmina)</small> | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1337 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Tomasz Jacek Kiliński | area_total_km2 = 37.04 | population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html |publisher=Statistics Poland |date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref> | population_total = 22067 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|50|34|45|N|16|30|05|E|region:PL-02_type:city|display=title,inline}} | elevation_m = 402 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 57-400 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = DKL | blank_name_sec2 = Voivodeship roads | blank_info_sec2 = 32px|link=Voivodeship road 381 32px|link=Voivodeship road 384 32px|link=Voivodeship road 385 | website = [http://www.um.nowaruda.pl www.um.nowaruda.pl] }} '''Nowa Ruda''' {{IPAc-pl|'|n|o|w|a|-|'|r|u|d|a}} ({{langx|cs|Nová Ruda}}, {{langx|de|Neurode}}) is a town in south-western Poland near the Czech border, lying on the Włodzica river in the central Sudetes mountain range.{{TERYT}} {{As of|2019}} it had 22,067 inhabitants. The town is located in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of the rural district of Gmina Nowa Ruda, but is not part of its territory (the town is a separate urban gmina in its own right).
==History== ===Under Polish and Bohemian rule=== thumb|left|Historic townhouses at the Market Square with the Saint Nicholas church in the background A medieval village situated in the rich Kłodzko Valley, Nowa Ruda developed in the mid-13th century as part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.<ref name=um>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.nowaruda.pl/asp/pl_start.asp?typ=14&menu=136&strona=1&sub=16|title=Historia miasta|website=Gmina Miejska Nowa Ruda|access-date=9 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> German-speaking immigrants settled there as part of the ''Ostsiedlung''. The oldest known mention of the settlement comes from 1337 from a document issued in nearby Kłodzko,<ref name=um/> when it was part of the Polish Piast-ruled Duchy of Ziębice/Münsterberg under the suzerainty of the Bohemian (Czech) Crown of the Holy Roman Empire. It passed directly to Bohemia in the next decades. Officially, the settlement was granted a city charter in 1363 and received the name of ''Newenrode''. In the Late Middle Ages, weaving, clothmaking and shoemaking developed in the town.<ref name=um/><ref name=pwn>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Nowa-Ruda;3948594.html|title=Nowa Ruda|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=9 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> In the years 1427-1429 the town was invaded by the Hussites.<ref name=um/> The city was rechartered under a local variant of the Magdeburg Law in 1434 and then again in 1596. From 1459 it was part of the Bohemian-ruled County of Kladsko. The city was invaded and devastated again during the Thirty Years' War in 1622.
===Under Prussia and Germany=== In 1742 it passed to Prussia.<ref name=um/> In the second half of the 19th century the town developed due to coal mining and the textile industry.<ref name=um/><ref name=pwn/> In 1884 it suffered a great fire.<ref name=um/> During World War I, the German government operated three forced labour camps for Allied prisoners of war at local coal mines.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kujat|first=Janusz Adam|year=2000|title=Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej|journal=Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny|location=Opole|language=pl|volume=23|page=13|issn=0137-5199}}</ref> After World War I, it suffered an economic crisis.<ref name=um/> The town was no longer a district seat after 1932, when it was reincorporated into the ''Landkreis Glatz'' (Kłodzko district).<ref name=um/>
During World War II, the Germans established three labour units for French, Belgian and Soviet prisoners of war, as well as two forced labour camps.<ref name=pwn/> Also during the war, the largest mining disaster in the town's history took place; 187 miners were killed.<ref name=um/>
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=360 |header=Historic churches of Nowa Ruda | image1 = 2016 Kościół Świętego Krzyża w Nowej Rudzie.jpg | image2 = Nowa Ruda, 6 lipca 2024, KsP 12.jpg | image3 = Nowa Ruda - kosciol Bozego Ciala 02.jpg | image4 = 2016 Kościół św. Katarzyny w Słupcu.jpg | caption1 = Holy Cross | caption2 = St. Nicholas | caption3 = Corpus Christi | caption4 = St. Catherine }}
===After World War II=== Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II the region became part of Poland, and the town took on its present name, with the German population being expelled in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement. It was repopulated by Poles, expellees from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, settlers from central Poland and miners returning from France.<ref name=um/> In 1973 the settlement of Słupiec was included within the town limits as a new district.<ref name=pwn/> In 1976 and 1979 mining disasters occurred, in which 17 and 7 miners respectively died.<ref name=um/> After the adoption of Ostpolitik by the German Chancellor Willy Brandt, the former German inhabitants were allowed to travel to their hometowns and tried to establish relations with the current population and the Holy See redrew the boundaries of the ecclesiastical provinces along the post-war borders. On 28 June 1972 the Catholic parishes of Nowa Ruda were transferred from the traditional Hradec Králové diocese (est. 1664; Ecclesiastical Province of Bohemia) to the Archdiocese of Wrocław.<ref>Paulus VI, Constitutio Apostolica [https://www.vatican.va/holy father/paul vi/apost constitutions/documents/hf p-vi apc 19720628 vratislaviensis lt.html "Vratislaviensis - Berolinensis et aliarum"], in: ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'', 64 (1972), n. 10, pp. 657seq.</ref>
From 1975 to 1998 it was administratively located in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship.
The area was notable in the Middle Ages as a source of rich iron ore deposits. Until 2000 there was also a coal mine and a gabbro mine in Nowa Ruda's borough of Słupiec.
==Transport== thumb|''Rondo Wolności'' (Freedom Roundabout) There is a train station in Nowa Ruda. The Voivodeship roads 381, 384 and 385 pass through the town.
==Sport== Piast Nowa Ruda is the local multi-sports club.
== Culture == * The Literary Heights Festival, a Polish literary festival founded in 2015 which takes place in the vicinity of Gmina Nowa Ruda at the foot of the Owl Mountains in the Kłodzko Valley. The event's organizers include the Olga Tokarczuk Foundation, the city and commune of Nowa Ruda, while the hosts are Karol Maliszewski and Olga Tokarczuk. The festival's program includes educational sessions, debates, concerts, panels, shows, meetings, poetry, literary workshops, film screenings, culinary workshops and various exhibitions. * Nowa Ruda Literary Club Ogma * Polish-Czech Group of Poets '97.
==Notable people== *Franz Eckert (1852–1916), composer *Joachim von Pfeil (1857–1924), German explorer *Friedrich Kayßler (1874–1945), actor and writer *Joseph Wittig (1879–1949), German theologian and writer *Friedrich-Wilhelm Otte (1898–1944), Wehrmacht general *{{Interlanguage link|Werner Steinberg|de}} (1913–1992), writer *Gero Trauth (born 1942), painter, graphic artist, porcelain illustrator and designer *Edyta Geppert (born 1953), singer *{{Interlanguage link|Krzysztof Tyniec|pl}} (born 1956), actor *Karol Maliszewski (born 1960), poet *Olga Tokarczuk (born 1962), writer, Nobel laureate *Robert Więckiewicz (born 1967), actor
==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Nowa Ruda is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=http://www.um.nowaruda.pl/asp/pl_start.asp?typ=23&sub=16&menu=90&strona=1|website=um.nowaruda.pl|publisher=Nowa Ruda|language=pl|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|CZE}} Broumov, Czech Republic * {{flagicon|GER}} Castrop-Rauxel, Germany * {{flagicon|FRA}} Wallers, France
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|Nowa Ruda}} * {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowaruda24.pl/ Online radio and hottest news website] * {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowaruda.info/ Private Internet Wortal of Nowa Ruda] * {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowa-ruda.com/ Nowa Ruda online – citizens' site]
{{Kłodzko County}} {{Gmina Nowa Ruda}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Nowa Ruda Category:Cities in Silesia Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship Category:Kłodzko County Category:Populated riverside places in Poland