{{Short description|Weekly satirical magazine in the Russian Empire (1908–1918)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox magazine | image_file = Satirikon-01-1910.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Cover page dated January 1910 | editor = | editor_title = | frequency = Weekly | circulation = | category = Satirical magazine | company = | publisher = | founded = 1908 | firstdate = | finaldate = August 1918 | country = {{ubl|Russian Empire|Russian Republic|Soviet Russia}} | based = Saint Petersburg | language = Russian | issn = }} '''''Novyi Satirikon''''' was a Russian language weekly humor and satirical magazine that was published in Saint Petersburg in the period 1908–1914. During the 1917 Revolution, the magazine held an anti-Bolshevik political stance, and most of its contributors had to flee Russia after the magazine was closed in 1918.
==History and profile== The magazine was started with the title ''Satirikon'' in 1908.<ref name=oleg>{{cite journal|author=Oleg Minin|title=Russian Artists in the United States. The Case of Nicholas Remisoff (1887-1975)|journal=Experiment|year=2014|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1163/2211730X-12341264|pages=230–232}}</ref> It was published on a weekly basis.<ref name=nicm/> Due to financial problems between the publisher and the editors some editors left the magazine and started a new magazine in 1913 which was named ''Novyi Satirikon'' (''New Satirikon'').<ref name=lesl/><ref name=nicm/> Other editors continued ''Satirikon'' until spring 1914 when it folded.<ref name=lesl/>
''Novyi Satirikon'' targeted the liberal democratic intelligentsia and were read by high school and university students, deputies in the State Duma, ministers and senators in the State Council.<ref name=lesl/> During World War I ''Novyi Satirikon'' of which editor-in-chief was Arkady Averchenko published nationalist and patriotic materials<ref name=lesl/> and adopted an anti-German political stance.<ref>{{cite journal|author=A.B. Astashov|title=Violation of the Laws and Customs of War on the Russian Front in the First World War|journal=Russian Studies in History|year=2018 |volume=57|issue=1|page=22|doi=10.1080/10611983.2018.1577095|s2cid=165059157}}</ref> The magazine welcomed the February Revolution as "freedom" and published cartoons on the Tsar Nicholas II.
From 1913 Vladimir Lebedev began to work as a caricaturist for the magazine.<ref name=nicm>{{cite journal |author=Nicoletta Misler|title=A Public Art: Caricatures and Posters of Vladimir Lebedev|journal=The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts|date=Summer 1987|volume=5|page=62|doi=10.2307/1503936|jstor=1503936}}</ref> Writers Teffi, Vladimir Mayakovsky and Sasha Chorny were among the major contributors of the magazine.<ref name=oleg/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Edythe C. Haber|year=2007|title=The Roots of NEP Satire: The Case of Teffi and Zoshchenko|journal=The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928|volume=1|hdl=11299/186866 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11299/186866}}</ref> At the beginning of the Communist revolution in 1917 the magazine advocated a radical anti-Bolshevik approach which became much more intense following the Bolshevik rule.<ref name=ann/> The satire adopted by ''Novyi Satirikon'' was extensively ironic and sarcastic during that period.<ref name=ann/>
''Novyi Satirikon'' survived the press decree issued by the Communist government led by Vladimir Lenin and was published until August 1918 (issue 24) when it was censored and then, shut down by the government because of its anti-Bolshevik views.<ref name=lesl>{{cite journal|author=Lesley Milne|title=Novyi Satirikon, I9I4-I9I8: The Patriotic Laughter of the Russian Liberal Intelligentsia during the First World War and the Revolution|journal=The Slavonic and East European Review|date=October 2006|volume=84|issue=4|jstor=4214359}}</ref><ref name=ann>{{cite book|author=Annie Gérin|title=Devastation and Laughter. Satire, Power, and Culture in the Early Soviet State, 1920s–1930s|year=2018 |publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto; Buffalo; London|isbn=978-1-4875-0243-0|page=45|s2cid=239341837 |url=https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487515324-007|doi=10.3138/9781487515324-007}}</ref>
==Legacy== Exiled contributors of the magazine revived the satirical magazine in Paris in 1931. In 1951, a group of Soviet dissidents started a new satirical magazine also named ''Satirikon'' in Frankfurt-am-Main.<ref name=lesl/> Another magazine with the same name was also launched in Moscow in 1997.<ref name=lesl/> All these publications existed for a short period.<ref name=lesl/>
==Gallery== <gallery widths="180" heights="180" perrow="4"> File:Новый сатирикон.jpg|Cover from 1916 File:1917. Дмитрий Моор. Последняя подпись.jpg|A cartoon on Nicholas II (1917) by Dmitry Moor File:Обложка Нового Сатирикона. №2 за 1918 год.jpg|Cover from 1918 File:Новый Сатирикон. 1918. №03.pdf|Cover from 1918 with a cartoon on Leon Trotsky </gallery>
==See also== * ''Zhupel''
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{Commons-inline}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Novyi Satirikon}} Category:1908 establishments in the Russian Empire Category:1918 disestablishments in Russia Category:Anti-communism in Russia Category:Banned magazines Category:Censorship in the Soviet Union Category:Magazines published in the Soviet Union Category:Magazines established in 1908 Category:Magazines established in 1913 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1914 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1918 Category:Magazines published in Saint Petersburg Category:Russian-language magazines Category:Russian political satire Category:Satirical magazines published in Russia Category:Weekly magazines published in Russia