{{short description|American aerospace businessman}} {{Use American English|date=March 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}} {{BLP sources|date=August 2009}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Norm Augustine |image = Norman Ralph Augustine.jpg |office = United States Secretary of the Army |status = Acting |president = Gerald Ford |term_start = July 3, 1975 |term_end = August 5, 1975 |predecessor = Bo Callaway |successor = Martin Richard Hoffmann |office1 = United States Under Secretary of the Army |president1 = Gerald Ford<br>Jimmy Carter |term_start1 = May 1975 |term_end1 = July 1977 |predecessor1 = Herman R. Staudt |successor1 = Walter B. LaBerge |birth_name = Norman Ralph Augustine |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1935|7|27}} |birth_place = Denver, Colorado, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |education = Princeton University (BS, MS) }} '''Norman Ralph''' "'''Norm'''" '''Augustine''' (born July 27, 1935) is a U.S. aerospace businessman who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman and CEO of the Lockheed Martin Corporation. He was chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee.
In 1983, Augustine was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for imaginative blending of the skills of engineer, analyst, and manager to accomplish important aerospace engineering projects.
==Early life and education== Augustine was raised in Colorado, "an only child in the mountains," and the first of his family to have the opportunity to attend college.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Daniel |date=2019 |title=Find Your Path: Unconventional Lessons from 36 Leading Scientists and Engineers |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262537544/find-your-path/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=MIT Press |language=en-US}}</ref>
He attended Princeton University, from where he graduated ''magna cum laude'' with a B.S.E. in Aeronautical Engineering and an M.S.E. He completed a 295-page senior thesis titled "Preliminary Design for a Supersonic Trainer" with John W. Bittig and Douglas N. Beatty.<ref>{{Cite thesis|last1=Bittig|first1=John W.|last2=Beatty|first2=Douglas N.|last3=Augustine|first3=Norman R.|editor-last=Princeton University. Department of Aeronautical Engineering|title=Preliminary Design for a Supersonic Trainer|url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01v979v328s|language=en|access-date=May 23, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805060359/https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01v979v328s|url-status=live}}</ref> He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi.
== Career == In 1958, he joined the Douglas Aircraft Company in California, where he worked as a research engineer, program manager and chief engineer. Beginning in 1965, he served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense as Assistant Director of Defense Research and Engineering. He joined LTV Missiles and Space Company in 1970, serving as vice president of advanced programs and marketing. In 1973 he returned to the government as Assistant Secretary of the Army and in 1975 became Under Secretary of the Army, and later Acting Secretary of the Army. Joining Martin Marietta Corporation in 1977 as vice president of technical operations, he was elected as CEO in 1987 and chairman in 1988, having previously been president and COO. In 1990, he chaired the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program, known as the Augustine Committee. He served as president of the Lockheed Martin Corporation upon the formation of that company in 1995, and became CEO later that year. He retired as CEO of Lockheed Martin in April 1997 to join the faculty of Princeton University in September 1997, where he served as a lecturer until July 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=Norman Augustine to Join the Faculty of Princeton University's School of Engineering and Applied Science|url=https://www.princeton.edu/pr/news/97/q2/0418augu.html|access-date=July 7, 2015|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222906/https://www.princeton.edu/pr/news/97/q2/0418augu.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/04/14/daily14.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040914143321/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/04/14/daily14.html|title=Lockheed CEO exits post|website=Washington Business Journal|archivedate=September 14, 2004|date=April 18, 1997|accessdate=July 29, 2024}}</ref>
In 1999 he helped found In-Q-Tel, a venture capital firm sponsored by the CIA with a mandate to support United States intelligence by investing in advanced technology.<ref name=powers_jablonski>{{cite book|title=The Real Cyber War|url=http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/83cdd9wm9780252039126.html|publisher=University of Illinois Press|first1=Shawn M|last1=Powers|first2=Michael|last2=Jablonski|location=Champaign, IL|date=April 2015|isbn=978-0-252-09710-2|pages=63–69|access-date=November 15, 2015|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031445/http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/83cdd9wm9780252039126.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=yannuzzi>{{cite web |last=Yannuzzi| first=Rick E. |title=In-Q-Tel: A new partnership between the CIA and the private sector|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|date=2007|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/intelligence-history/in-q-tel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905090735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/intelligence-history/in-q-tel|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref>
Augustine was chairman and principal officer of the American Red Cross for nine years, chairman of the National Academy of Engineering, president and chairman of the Association of the United States Army, chairman of the Aerospace Industries Association, and chairman of the Defense Science Board. He is a former president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Boy Scouts of America. He is a former member of the board of directors of ConocoPhillips, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble and Lockheed Martin, and was a member of the board of trustees of Colonial Williamsburg. He is a regent of the University System of Maryland, trustee emeritus of Johns Hopkins and a former member of the board of trustees of Princeton and MIT. He is a member of the advisory board to the Department of Homeland Security, was a member of the Hart/Rudman Commission on National Security, and served for 16 years on the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the Project on National Security Reform. He is a member of the American Philosophical Society,<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Norman+R.+Augustine&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=December 8, 2021|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=December 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208193848/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Norman+R.+Augustine&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=live}}</ref> the National Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Explorers Club.
In May 2009, Augustine was named as chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, which was tasked to review NASA's plans for the Moon, Mars and beyond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jun/HQ_09-123_Augustine_Review_Members.html|title=NASA Announces Members of Human Space Flight Review Committee|last=Mirelson|first=Doc|date=June 1, 2009|access-date=June 5, 2009|archive-date=June 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605145917/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jun/HQ_09-123_Augustine_Review_Members.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2011, Augustine agreed to serve as chair of the U.S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel to assess U.S. activities in the South Pole. In July 2011, Augustine became a member of the United States Energy Security Council,<ref name="iags.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.iags.org/ |title=Energy and Security Research |access-date=July 6, 2012 |archive-date=July 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706112833/http://www.iags.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which seeks to diminish oil's monopoly over the US transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS).<ref name="iags.org"/> He currently sits on the America Abroad Media advisory board,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americaabroadmedia.org/content/norman-augustine|title=Norman Augustine | America Abroad Media|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=June 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617024740/http://americaabroadmedia.org/content/norman-augustine|url-status=live}}</ref> the advisory board of Feynman School, a school for academically gifted children in STEM fields,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://feynmanschool.org/about/administration/advisory-board/|title=Advisory Board|date=October 11, 2013|work=Feynman School|access-date=October 17, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072339/http://feynmanschool.org/about/administration/advisory-board/|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the board of advisors of the Code of Support Foundation, a nonprofit military services organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.codeofsupport.org/who-we-are/|title=Code of Support Foundation advisory board|website=codeofsupportfoundation.org|access-date=June 5, 2017|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023074855/https://www.codeofsupport.org/who-we-are/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He currently serves on the Board of Managers for the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Annual Report |url=https://secwww.jhuapl.edu/2023-Annual-Report/2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=5 March 2026 |website=www.secwww.jhuapl.edu}}</ref>
== Awards and honors == Augustine has been presented the National Medal of Technology by the President of the United States and received the Joint Chiefs of Staff Distinguished Public Service Award. He has five times received the Department of Defense's highest civilian decoration, the Distinguished Civilian Service Award. He is co-author of The Defense Revolution and Shakespeare In Charge and author of Augustine's Laws and Augustine's Travels. He holds 34 honorary degrees and was selected by Who's Who in America and the Library of Congress as one of “Fifty Great Americans” on the occasion of Who's Who's 50th anniversary. He has traveled in over 130 countries and stood on both the North and South Poles.[[Image:Augustine's law.svg|thumb|300px|Graphical plot of Augustine's law Number XVI: "In the year 2054, the entire defense budget will purchase just one aircraft."<ref>{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-56347-240-4 | title = Augustine's Laws | author =Norman Ralph Augustine | year = 1984 }}</ref>]] * Eagle Scout, 1952<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norman R. Augustine |url=https://www.summitbsa.org/donor/norman-r-augustine/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=The Summit Bechtel Reserve |language=en-US}}</ref> * Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 1983 * National Space Club Goddard Award, 1991 * Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1992<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=April 27, 2011|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055929/https://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> * Rotary National Award for Space Achievement National Space Trophy, 1992<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.rnasa.org/1992files/winner1992.html | title = 1992 NATIONAL SPACE TROPHY RECIPIENT | publisher = Rotary National Award for Space Achievement Foundation | date = April 4, 2011 | access-date = April 18, 2011 | archive-date = January 19, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120119215912/http://www.rnasa.org/1992files/winner1992.html | url-status = live }}</ref> *Silver Buffalo Award, 1994 * Electronic Industries Association Medal of Honor, 1994 *Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, 1995<ref>{{cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business|access-date=September 4, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business|url-status=live}}</ref> * The Washingtonian's Business Leader of the Year, 1997 * National Medal of Technology and Innovation, 1997 "For visionary leadership of the aerospace industry, for championing technical and managerial solutions to the many challenges in civil and defense systems, and for contributions to the United States world preeminence in aerospace." * The NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, 1997 * IEEE-HKN Eta Kappa Nu Eminent Member, 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hkn.ieee.org/get-involved/awards/eminent-member-recognition/|title=Eminent Member Recognition|access-date=July 9, 2019|archive-date=May 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527061504/https://hkn.ieee.org/get-involved/awards/eminent-member-recognition/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Space Foundation's General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award in 2002. The highest honor bestowed by the Space Foundation, the award recognizes outstanding individuals who have distinguished themselves through lifetime contributions to the welfare of betterment of humankind through the exploration, development and use of space, or the use of space technology, information, themes or resources in academic, cultural, industrial or other pursuits of broad benefit to humanity. Augustine was the first recipient. * Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences, 2006<ref name=PublicWelfare>{{cite web|title=Public Welfare Award|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/public-welfare-medal.html|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=February 14, 2011|archive-date=October 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001001902/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/public-welfare-medal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * USO's Freedom's Finest Award, 2004 * The Harold W. McGraw Hill, Jr. Prize in Education, 2006 * The 2006 BENS Eisenhower Award [Business Executives for National Security] * The 2007 Bower Award for Business Leadership, from The Franklin Institute * NAA Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy, 2008 * National Science Board Vannevar Bush Award, 2008 * IRI Medal from the Industrial Research Institute, 2009 * The American Chemical Society Public Service Award, 2009 * B. Kenneth West Lifetime Achievement Award, 2009 * NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering from the National Academy of Sciences, 2010<ref name=Hunsaker>{{cite web|title=J. C. Hunsaker Award in Aeronautical Engineering|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/j-c-hunsaker-award.html|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=February 14, 2011|archive-date=September 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924024027/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/j-c-hunsaker-award.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Drexel University Engineering Leader of the year, 2011 * The Wings Club Distinguished Achievement Award, 2011<ref name=WingsDistinguished>{{cite web |url=http://www.wingsclub.org/awards.html |title=Distinguished Achievement Awards |publisher=Wings Club |access-date=February 9, 2012 |archive-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928010416/http://www.wingsclub.org/awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Character Education Partnership's American Patriot of Character Award, 2012 * Montgomery County Business Hall of Fame, 2012 * Industry Week Manufacturing Hall of Fame, 2012 * Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Lifetime Achievement Trophy Award, 2014 * Arthur C. Clarke Lifetime Achievement Award, 2014 * American Astronautical Society Space Flight Award, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astronautical.org/awards/space-flight/|title=Space Flight Award | American Astronautical Society|access-date=April 28, 2022|archive-date=May 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516062725/https://astronautical.org/awards/space-flight/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Advisory Board, Journal of Science Policy & Governance, 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/advisory-board.html|title=JSPG Advisory Board|access-date=January 12, 2017|archive-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101908/http://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/advisory-board.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Tech Council of Maryland Lifetime Achievement Award, 2015 * International Von Karman Wings Award, 2015 (For his visionary leadership, contributions to the aerospace industry and distinguished service to the nation's defense, security and space programs)<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2015 recipient of International Von Karman Wings Award is Mr. Norman Augustine|url=http://galcit.caltech.edu/ahs/|publisher=The Aerospace Historical Society and California Institute of Technology|access-date=June 8, 2015|archive-date=January 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116060134/http://galcit.caltech.edu/ahs/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Notes== {{Portal|Scouting}} {{reflist}}
==References== {{Refbegin}} *[http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/home/index.html Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206053825/http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/home/index.html |date=February 6, 2010 }} *{{cite magazine |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/52/b3559124.htm |title=CEO Chuckles |access-date=November 7, 2006 |author=Stan Crock |magazine=BusinessWeek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002234511/http://www.businessweek.com/1997/52/b3559124.htm |archive-date=October 2, 1999 |url-status=dead }} {{Refend}}
==External links== *{{C-SPAN|17715}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=Herman R. Staudt}} {{s-ttl|title=United States Under Secretary of the Army|years=1975–1977}} {{s-aft|after=Walter B. LaBerge}} |- {{s-bef|before=Bo Callaway}} {{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of the Army<br>Acting|years=1975}} {{s-aft|after=Martin Richard Hoffmann}} |- {{s-bef|before=Eugene Fubini}} {{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Defense Science Board|years=1982–1986}} {{s-aft|after=Charles Fowler}} |- {{s-bus}} {{s-bef|before=Thomas Pownall}} {{s-ttl|title=CEO of Martin Marietta|years=1987–1995}} {{s-non|reason=Position abolished}} |- {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=CEO of Lockheed Martin|years=1995–1997}} {{s-aft|after=Vance D. Coffman}} |- {{s-npo}} {{s-bef|before=John L. Clendenin}} {{s-ttl|title=National President of the Boy Scouts of America|years=1994–1996}} {{s-aft|after=John W. Creighton Jr.}} {{s-end}}
{{IEEE Founders Medal}} {{Procter & Gamble}} {{Defense Science Board Chairmen}} {{USSecArm}} {{ASME Medal|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Augustine, Norman}} Category:1935 births Category:American businesspeople in aerospace Category:American chairpersons of corporations Category:American chief executives in technology Category:ASME Medal recipients Category:Businesspeople from Colorado Category:Businesspeople from Denver Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Category:Ford administration personnel Category:Living people Category:Lockheed Martin people Category:Martin Marietta people Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Category:National Medal of Technology recipients Category:Presidents of Scouting America Category:Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni Category:Procter & Gamble people Category:United States secretaries of the army Category:United States under secretaries of the army Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates