Norham

{{Short description|Village in Northumberland, England}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Use British English|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox UK place | country = England |official_name= Norham |static_image_name = Norham Village Green - geograph.org.uk - 911561.jpg |static_image_caption = Norham Village Green |coordinates = {{coord|55.718|-2.158|display=inline,title}} |civil_parish= Norham | population = 579 |population_ref=(2011 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120007&c=TD15+2GY&d=16&e=62&g=6452880&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1435657820578&enc=1|title=Parish population 2011|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> |unitary_england= Northumberland |lieutenancy_england= Northumberland |region = North East England |constituency_westminster= North Northumberland |post_town= BERWICK-UPON-TWEED |postcode_district= TD15 |postcode_area= TD |dial_code= 01289 |os_grid_reference= NT900471 }} '''Norham''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɒr|ə|m}} {{respell|NORR|əm}}) is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, {{convert|7|mi|km|0}} south-west of Berwick on the south side of the River Tweed where it is the border with Scotland.<ref>{{cite book |title=AA Book of British Villages |date=1980 |publisher=Drive Publications Limited |isbn=9780340254875 |page=296}}</ref>

==History== Its ancient name was Ubbanford. Ecgred of Lindisfarne (d.845) replaced a wooden church with one of stone and translated the relics of St Ceolwulf to it.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=i6E1AAAAMAAJ&dq=st.+ceolwulf+of+northumbria&pg=PA84 Hodges, Charles Clement. "The Pre-Conquest Churches of Northumbria", ''The Reliquary'', April 1893, p. 84]</ref> Norham is mentioned as the resting place of St Cuthbert in the early eleventh century text ''On the Resting-Places of the Saints'', and recent research has suggested the possibility that Norham (rather than Chester-le-Street or Durham) may have been the centre of the diocese of Lindisfarne from the ninth century until some time between 1013 and 1031.<ref>{{Citation | last = Woolf | first = Alex | author-link = Alex Woolf | contribution = The Diocese of Lindisfarne: Organization and Pastoral Care | editor-last = McGuigan | editor-first = Neil | editor2-last = Woolf | editor2-first = Alex | title = The Battle of Carham: A Thousand Years On | pages = 231–39 | year = 2018 | place = Edinburgh | publisher = John Donald | language = English | isbn= 978-1910900246}}, at pp. 232-33</ref><ref>{{citation |last=McGuigan |first=Neil | title= Cuthbert's Body and the Origins of the Diocese of Durham |journal=Anglo-Saxon England |volume=48 |pages=121–162 |year=2022 |issn=0263-6751 |doi=10.1017/S0263675121000053}}</ref>

It is the site of the 12th-century Norham Castle and was for many years the centre of the Norhamshire exclave of County Durham. It was transferred to Northumberland in 1844.

The 12th century also saw the construction of the parish church of St Cuthbert, an ambitious work with an aisled nave and long chancel, heavily rebuilt in 1846–1852. As may be expected from a possession of the bishops of Durham, the details echo contemporary work in Durham Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |title=Northumberland |publisher=Penguin |year=1957 |edition=1st |location=Harmondsworth |pages=266}}</ref>

It was on the Tweed here that Edward I of England met the Scots nobility in 1292 to decide on the future king of Scotland.

Sir Walter Scott gained fame as a poet, particularly with ''Marmion'' set around the Battle of Flodden in 1513. It begins:

::::''Day set on Norham's castled steep,'' ::::''And Tweed's fair river, broad and deep,'' ::::''And Cheviot's mountains lone:'' ::::''The battled towers, the donjon keep,'' ::::''The loophole grates where captives weep,'' ::::''The flanking walls that round it sweep,'' ::::''In yellow lustre shone.''

The 19th-century Ladykirk and Norham Bridge is a late stone road bridge that connects the village with Ladykirk in the Scottish Borders. [[File:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Norham Castle, Sunrise - WGA23182.jpg|thumb|''Norham Castle, Sunrise'' by J. M. W. Turner]] J. M. W. Turner reportedly tipped his hat to Norham Castle in 1831, as it was the place that had brought him fame as an artist in 1798.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.christies.com/features/JMW-Turner-Norham-Castle-Sunrise-8438-1.aspx | title = The castle that liberated Turner | work = Preview for London sale: Old Master & British Drawings & Watercolours, 5 July 2017 | publisher = Christie's | access-date = March 2, 2021 | ref = none }}</ref> It was a subject he revisited throughout his career. The painting of the castle that hangs in Tate Britain, ''Norham Castle, Sunrise'' (1845), luminously near-abstract, is one of the great treasures of the collection.

Norham railway station, built 1851, closed in 1965 and was turned into a museum by its final station master, Peter Short. In 2013 it was up for sale at an asking price of £420,000.<ref>''The Daily Telegraph'' 1 November 2013 {{full citation needed|date=August 2019}}</ref>

== Governance== An electoral ward in the name of Norham and Islandshires exists. This ward stretches south east to just short of Bamburgh and has a total population taken at the 2011 Census of 4,438.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/norham-and-islandshires-e05008064#sthash.Su3KpUHb.dpbs|title=Norham and the Islandshires ward population 2011|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>

== Popular culture == Norham appears, under the name of Ubbanford, in ''The Bernicia Chronicles'' series of historical novels by Matthew Harffy, where it is the residence and seat of power of the series' protagonist, Beobrand.

== See also == *Ladykirk and Norham Bridge *Norham Castle

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Norham}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108174931/http://www.genuki.bpears.org.uk/NBL/Norham/index.html GENUKI] <small>(Accessed: 20 November 2008)</small>

Category:Norham Category:Villages in Northumberland Category:Populated places on the River Tweed Category:Civil parishes in Northumberland Category:Exclaves of County Durham