{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Entoloma vernum Bykivnya15.JPG | image_caption = ''Nolanea verna'', Ukraine | taxon = Nolanea | authority = (Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871) | type_species = ''Nolanea pascua'' | type_species_authority = (Pers.) P.Kumm. (1871) | synonyms = * ''Agaricus'' trib. ''Nolanea'' <small>Fr. (1821)</small> }}
'''''Nolanea''''' is a subgenus of fungi in the genus ''Entoloma''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Index Fungorum - Names Record |url=https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=18130 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=www.indexfungorum.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Loading... |url=https://www.mycobank.org/Simple%20names%20search |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=www.mycobank.org}}</ref> Called '''pinkgills''' in English, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid, mostly mycenoid (like species of ''Mycena'') with slender stems.<ref name=Reschke2022/> All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. Recent DNA evidence has shown that at least 87 species belong to the subgenus ''Nolanea'' which has a worldwide distribution.<ref name=Reschke2022/>
==Taxonomy== The taxon ''Nolanea'' was introduced in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries as a "tribe" of ''Agaricus'' comprising slender agarics with bell-shaped caps, hollow stems, and pink spores.<ref name="Fries 1821"/> In 1871 German mycologist Paul Kummer raised the tribe to genus level.<ref name=Kummer/> The name was used by many subsequent mycologists,<ref name="Orton1991"/><ref name="Orton1991b"/><ref name="Largent1994"/> but others have preferred to use the name ''Entoloma'' sensu lato for all fungi with pink, angular spores, retaining ''Nolanea'' as a subgenus.<ref name=Noor92/>
Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that ''Nolanea'', as previously defined, is paraphyletic (an artificial grouping).<ref name=CoDavid2009/> By excluding some species and adding others, however, ''Nolanea'' has been redefined as a monophyletic (natural) grouping.<ref name="Karstedt2020"/><ref name=Reschke2022/> In this new sense, ''Nolanea'' has been treated either as a subgenus<ref name=Reschke2022/> or as a separate genus.<ref name="Karstedt2020"/>
The redefined ''Nolanea'' excludes ''Entoloma rhombisporum'' and related species, ''Entoloma ameides'' and related species, and cuboid-spored species now placed in ''Entoloma'' subgenus ''Cubospora''.<ref name=Reschke2022/>
An interesting taxonomic characteristic used to identify ''Nolanea fructufragaans'' Largent and Theirs is its distinctive odor. Sporocarp collected in coastal California redwood forest have a candy-store like or a “tooty-fruity” odor. Chemical analysis show anisole and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene as being responsible for this taxonomic characteristic of field collections. <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Largent | first1 = David L. | last2 = Bradshaw | first2 = Debra E. | last3 = Wood | first3 = William F. | year = 1990 | title = The Candy-like Odor of ''Noleana fructufragrans'' | journal = Mycologia | volume = 82 | pages = 786-787 | doi=10.1080/00275514.1990.12025962}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=CoDavid2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME |author3-link=Machiel Noordeloos |title=Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae |journal=Persoonia |volume=23 |pages=147–76 |year=2009 |pmid=20198166 |pmc=2802732 |doi=10.3767/003158509X480944 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/nhn/00315850/v23n1/s11.pdf?expires=1685225126&id=0000&titleid=75002420&checksum=C7FFC87FF4A1FF609415D9C8CE625BB3&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com }}</ref>
<ref name="Fries 1821">{{cite book |author=Fries EM. |title=Systema Mycologicum |year=1821 |volume=1 |pages=10, 207 |language=Latin |location=Lundin, Sweden |publisher=Ex Officina Berlingiana |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4338023}}</ref>
<ref name="Karstedt2020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karstedt F, Bergemann SE, Capelari M |year=2020 |title=Five ''Nolanea'' spp. nov. from Brazil |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=135 |issue=3 |pages=589-612 |doi=10.5248/135.589 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/mtax/00934666/v135n3/s11.pdf?expires=1685224785&id=0000&titleid=41000038&checksum=0C66A115F25EA0FA6955768B1CD3E784&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com}}</ref>
<ref name=Kummer>{{Cite book |last=Kummer |first=Paul |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106672#page/102/mode/1upp |title=Der Führer in die Pilzkunde : Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze : mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen |date=1871 |publisher=Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung |location=Zerbst |pages=94-97}}</ref>
<ref name="Largent1994">{{cite book |author=Largent DL |year=1994 |title=Entolomatoid fungi of the Western United States and Alaska |location=Berkeley, USA |publisher=Mad River Press |isbn=978-0916422813}}</ref>
<ref name=Noor92>{{cite book |title=Fungi Europaei:''Entoloma'' sensu lato|author=Noordeloos ME |year=1992 |publisher=Giovanna Biella |location=Saronno, Italy |pages=760 }}</ref>
<ref name="Orton1991">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orton PD |title=A revised list of British species of ''Entoloma'' sensu lato |journal=The Mycologist |year=1991 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=123–138 |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80307-8}}</ref>
<ref name="Orton1991b">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orton PD |title=A revised list of British species of ''Entoloma'' sensu lato (part 2) |journal=The Mycologist |year=1991 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172–176 |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80478-3}}</ref>
<ref name=Reschke2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Reschke K, Morozova OV, Dima B, Cooper JA, Corriol G, Biketova AY, Piepenbring M, Noordeloos ME |year=2022 |title=Phylogeny, taxonomy, and character evolution in ''Entoloma'' subgenus ''Nolanea'' |journal=Persoonia |volume=49|pages=136–170 |doi=10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.04 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/nhn/00315850/v49n1/s4.pdf?expires=1685225026&id=0000&titleid=75002420&checksum=3CB2C27E2388459C507924467B7F515B&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com }}</ref>
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Category:Entolomataceae