{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Short description|Federal appellate court for the western U.S.}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} {{Infobox U.S. federal court | court_type = circuit | court_name = United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | abbreviation = 9th Cir. | seal = Ninth Circuit Seal color high 092223.png | map_image_name = File:9th Circuit map.svg | map_image_width = | map_image_caption = | courthouse = James R. Browning U.S. Court of Appeals Building | location = San Francisco, California | courthouse1 = William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse | location1 = Seattle, Washington | courthouse2 = Pioneer Courthouse | location2 = Portland, Oregon | courthouse3 = Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals | location3 = Pasadena, California | appeals_from = District of Alaska | appeals_from1 = District of Arizona | appeals_from2 = Central District of California | appeals_from3 = Eastern District of California | appeals_from4 = Northern District of California | appeals_from5 = Southern District of California | appeals_from6 = District of Hawaii | appeals_from7 = District of Idaho | appeals_from8 = District of Montana | appeals_from9 = District of Nevada | appeals_from10 = District of Oregon | appeals_from11 = Eastern District of Washington | appeals_from12 = Western District of Washington | appeals_from13 = District of Guam | appeals_from14 = District of the Northern Mariana Islands | established = March 3, 1891 | judges_assigned = 29 | circuit_justice = Elena Kagan | chief = Mary H. Murguia | official_site = {{URL|https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov}} }}
The '''United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit''' (in case citations, '''9th Cir.''') is the U.S. federal court of appeals headquartered in San Francisco, California, and has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts for the following federal judicial districts: * District of Alaska * District of Arizona * Central District of California * Eastern District of California * Northern District of California * Southern District of California * District of Hawaii * District of Idaho * District of Montana * District of Nevada * District of Oregon * Eastern District of Washington * Western District of Washington
The Ninth Circuit was created by the 25th United States Congress through passage of the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837, and also has appellate jurisdiction over the territorial courts for the District of Guam and the District of the Northern Mariana Islands. Additionally, it sometimes handles appeals that originate from American Samoa, which has no district court and partially relies on the District of Hawaii for its federal cases.<ref name="GAO_AS">{{cite report |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-1124T |publisher=United States Government Accountability Office |first=William O. |last=Jenkins, Jr. |title=American Samoa: Issues Associated with Some Federal Court Options |date=September 18, 2008 |docket=GAO-08-1124T |access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>
The Ninth Circuit is the largest of the 13 U.S. Courts of Appeals, covering a total of nine states and two territories and with 29 active judgeships. The court's regular meeting places are Seattle (at the William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse), Portland (at the Pioneer Courthouse), San Francisco (at the James R. Browning United States Court of Appeals Building), and Pasadena (at the Richard H. Chambers United States Court of Appeals).
Panels of the court occasionally travel to hear cases in other locations within the circuit. Although the judges travel around the circuit, the court arranges its hearings so that cases from the northern region of the circuit are heard in Seattle or Portland, cases from southern California and Arizona are heard in Pasadena, and cases from northern California, Nevada, Hawaii, and the Pacific territories are heard in San Francisco. Additionally, the court holds yearly sittings in Anchorage and Honolulu. For lawyers who must come and present their cases to the court in person, this administrative grouping of cases helps to reduce the time and cost of travel. Ninth Circuit judges are also appointed by the United States Secretary of the Interior to serve as temporary acting Associate Justices for non-federal appellate sessions at the High Court of American Samoa in Fagatogo.<ref name="GAO_AS" />
== History ==
thumb|Ninth Circuit Court House in 1905 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Jurisdiction ! Total population ! Pop. as % of nat'l pop. ! Number of active judgeships |- | 1891 |California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington | 2,087,000 | 3.3% | 2 |- | 1900 | Territory of Hawaii added | 2,798,000 | 3.7% | 3 |- | 1912 | Arizona added | 7,415,000{{efn|name=ChinaPop}} | 6.7% | 3 |- | 1940 | | 11,881,000{{efn|name=ChinaPop}} | 9.0% | 7 |- | 1960 | Alaska and Guam added | 22,607,000 | 12.6% | 9 |- | 1980 | Northern Mariana Islands added | 37,170,000 | 16.4% | 23 |- | 2000 | | 54,575,000 | 19.3% | 28 |- | 2007 | | 60,400,000 | 19.9% | 28 |- | 2009 | | 61,403,307 | 19.72% | 29 |- |2010 | |61,742,858 |19.99% |29 |- |2020 | |66,848,869 |20.17% |29 |}
The Ninth Circuit's large size is due to the dramatic increases in both the population of the western states and the court's geographic jurisdiction that have occurred since the U.S. Congress created the Ninth Circuit in 1891.<ref>{{cite book|first=David C.|last=Frederick|title=Rugged justice: the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the American West, 1891–1941|isbn=9780520083813|publisher=University of California Press|date=1994}}</ref> The court was originally granted appellate jurisdiction over federal district courts in California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. As new states and territories were added to the federal judicial hierarchy in the twentieth century, many of those in the West were placed in the Ninth Circuit: the newly acquired Territory of Hawaii in 1900, Arizona upon its admission to the Union in 1912, the Territory of Alaska in 1948, Guam in 1951, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in 1977.
The Ninth Circuit also had jurisdiction over certain American interests in China, in that it had jurisdiction over appeals from the United States Court for China during the existence of that court from 1906 through 1943.<ref>See, e.g., ''Republic of China v. Merchants' Fire Ass'n of N.Y.'', 49 F.2d 862 (9th Cir. 1931). As the court noted, this bizarre insurance claim dispute arose directly from the "perplexing" civil war during China's warlord era, in which various groups of military officers claimed to be the representatives of the Republic's legitimate government.</ref>{{efn|The population of China is not included in the chart for 1912 or 1940, since the Court for China lacked plenary jurisdiction over China's domestic population, then numbering about 430 million people; the court exercised only extraterritorial jurisdiction over the relatively small number of American citizens in China.|name=ChinaPop}}
However, the Philippines was never under the Ninth Circuit's jurisdiction. Congress never created a federal district court in the Philippines from which the Ninth Circuit could hear appeals.<ref name="Go_Page_7">{{cite book |last1=Go |first1=Julian |editor1-last=Go |editor1-first=Julian |editor2-last=Foster |editor2-first=Anne L. |title=The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives |date=2003 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham |isbn=9780822384519 |pages=1–42 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wJ9tnBsi2YC&pg=PA7 |chapter=Introduction}} (At p. 7.)</ref> Instead, appeals from the Supreme Court of the Philippines were taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States.<ref>''Kepner v. United States'', {{ussc|195|100|1904}}.</ref>
In 1979, the Ninth Circuit became the first federal judicial circuit to set up a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel as authorized by the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978.
thumb|The Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals, Pasadena, California
The cultural and political jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit is just as varied as the land within its geographical borders. In a dissenting opinion in a rights of publicity case involving the ''Wheel of Fortune'' star Vanna White, Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski sardonically noted that "[f]or better or worse, we are the Court of Appeals for the Hollywood Circuit."<ref>''[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15763501998860364615 White v. Samsung Elec. Am., Inc.]'', 989 F.2d 1512, 1521 (9th Cir. 1993) (Kozinski, J., dissenting). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201208005657/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15763501998860364615 Archived] from the original on December 8, 2020.</ref> Judges from more remote parts of the circuit note the contrast between legal issues confronted by populous states such as California and those confronted by rural states such as Alaska, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada.
Judge Andrew J. Kleinfeld, who maintained his judicial chambers in Fairbanks, Alaska, wrote in a letter in 1998: "Much federal law is not national in scope....It is easy to make a mistake construing these laws when unfamiliar with them, as we often are, or not interpreting them regularly, as we never do."<ref>Kleinfeld, Andrew J. (May 22, 1998). "[http://www.library.unt.edu/gpo/csafca/hearings/submitted/KLEINFEL.htm RE: Splitting the Ninth Circuit]". Retrieved June 21, 2005.</ref>
==Procedures== Cases from United States District Courts within the Ninth Circuit are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals, that case is reviewed by a three-judge panel in the circuit for which the district court is a part. In the vast majority of cases, the ruling of that three-judge panel is final, unless overruled by the Supreme Court of the United States, which happens in less than 1% of cases.<ref name="SCOTUS review">{{cite web |title=About the U.S. Courts of Appeals |url=https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/court-role-and-structure/about-us-courts-appeals |website=uscourts.gov |publisher=United States Court of Appeals |access-date=30 November 2025}}</ref> A procedure exists for the review of a ruling made by a three-judge panel by all of the active judges in the circuit, which is called a ''en banc review''. Only about 1.5% of the cases heard by the Ninth Circuit are granted an en banc review, and only 0.24% of cases are decided by en banc review, which is statistically almost as rare as a case being granted certiorari by the Supreme Court.<ref name="Wiggin">{{cite news |last1=Bayer |first1=Aaron S. |title=En banc review has declined during the past decade |url=https://www.wiggin.com/publication/en-banc-review-has-declined-during-the-past-decade |access-date=29 November 2025 |work=Wiggin and Dana |agency=The National Law Journal |publisher=©Wiggin and Dana LLP |date=9 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Legal Times">{{cite news |last1=Rauchberg |first1=Ronald |title=A Judicial Hole in One - Scoring an en banc rehearing after losing an appeal is rare, but it happens. |url=https://www.proskauer.com/insights/download-pdf/1069#:~:text=Rehearings%20en%20banc%20are%20particularly,case%20in%20the%209th%20Circuit. |access-date=29 November 2025 |work=Legal Times |volume=XXVIII |issue=21 |publisher=© ALM Properties Inc. |date=23 May 2005 |page=1 |format=PDF}}</ref> The Ninth Circuit's rules of procedure state that en banc reviews are to be used for only very complex or important cases, or when the court believes there is an especially significant issue at stake, as stated by Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure: "An en banc hearing or rehearing is not favored and ordinarily will not be ordered unless: (1) en banc consideration is necessary to secure or maintain uniformity of the court’s decisions; or (2) the proceeding involves a question of exceptional importance."<ref name="FRAP #35">{{cite web |title=Rule 35. En Banc Determination |url=https://www.federalrulesofappellateprocedure.org/title-vii/rule-35/ |website=Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure |publisher=United States Court of Appeals |access-date=29 November 2025 |date=2021}}</ref>
== Criticism == === Rate of overturned decisions === From 1999 to 2008, of the Ninth Circuit Court rulings that were accepted for review by the Supreme Court, 20% were affirmed, 19% were vacated, and 61% were reversed; the median reversal rate for all federal appellate courts was 68.29% for the same period.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Supreme Court Reversal Rates: Evaluating the Federal Courts of Appeals |magazine=Landslide |volume=2 |issue=3 |date=January–February 2010 |publisher=American Bar Association Intellectual Property Law Section |first=Roy E. |last=Hofer |lccn=2008213101 |issn=1942-7239 |url=https://ipo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Supremecourtreversalrates.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010180703/https://ipo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Supremecourtreversalrates.pdf |archive-date= Oct 10, 2023 }}</ref> From 2010 to 2015, of the cases it accepted to review, the Supreme Court reversed around 79% of the cases from the Ninth Circuit, ranking its reversal rate third among the circuits; the median reversal rate for all federal circuits for the same time period was around 70 percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2017/feb/10/sean-hannity/no-9th-circuit-isnt-most-overturned-court-country-|title=No, the 9th Circuit isn't the 'most overturned court in the country,' as Hannity says|first=Lauren|last=Carroll|date=February 10, 2017|work=PolitiFact |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608194315/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/10/sean-hannity/no-9th-circuit-isnt-most-overturned-court-country-/ |archive-date= Jun 8, 2023 }}</ref>
Some argue the court's high percentage of reversals is illusory, resulting from the circuit hearing more cases than the other circuits. This results in the Supreme Court reviewing a smaller proportion of its cases, letting stand the vast majority of its cases.<ref>Farris, Jerome, ''The Ninth Circuit—Most Maligned Circuit in the Country Fact or Fiction?'' 58 Ohio St. L.J. 1465 (1997) (noting that, in 1996, the Supreme Court let stand 99.7 percent of the Ninth Circuit's cases).</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Supreme Court again rejects most decisions by the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals |first=Carol J. |last=Williams |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-jul-18-la-me-ninth-circuit-scorecard-20110718-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
However, a detailed study in 2018 reported by Brian T. Fitzpatrick, a law professor at Vanderbilt University, looked at how often a federal circuit court was reversed for every thousand cases it terminated on the merits between 1994 and 2015.<ref name="Fitz">{{cite web |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/07-31-18%20Fitzpatrick%20Testimony.pdf |first=Brian |last=Fitzpatrick |author-link=Brian T. Fitzpatrick |title=Written Testimony at Hearing on Oversight of the Structure of the Federal Courts |work=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary |date=July 31, 2018 |access-date=June 12, 2019}}</ref> The study found that the Ninth Circuit's decisions were reversed at a rate of 2.50 cases per thousand, which was by far the highest rate in the country, with the Sixth Circuit second as 1.73 cases per thousand.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/us/politics/fact-check-trump-ninth-circuit.html |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Does the Ninth Circuit Have the Highest Reversal Rate in the Country? |work=New York Times |date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Fitz" /> Fitzpatrick also noted that the 9th Circuit was unanimously reversed more than three times as often as the least reversed circuits and over 20% more often than the next closest circuit.<ref name="Fitz" />
=== Size of the court === [[File:Mary M. Schroeder.jpg|thumb|upright|Mary M. Schroeder, when appointed (Nov. 2000) Chief Judge of the Ninth Circuit, with her predecessor, Procter Ralph Hug Jr.]]
Many commentators have argued that the Ninth Circuit faces several adverse consequences of its large size,<ref>{{cite journal|last=O'Scannlain|first=Diarmuid|author-link=Diarmuid O'Scannlain|date=October 2005|title=Ten Reasons Why the Ninth Circuit Should Be Split|journal=Engage|volume=6|issue=2|pages=58–64|url=http://www.fed-soc.org/Publications/Engage/Oct%2005.pdf|access-date=May 29, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011410/http://www.fed-soc.org/Publications/Engage/Oct+05.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> such as "unwieldly size, procedural inefficiencies, jurisprudential unpredictability, and unusual ''en banc'' process."<ref>{{cite journal | first1=Ilya | last1=Shapiro | first2=Nathan | last2=Harvey | title=Break Up the Ninth Circuit | journal=George Mason Law Review | volume=26 | issue=4 | pages=1299–1329 | year=2019 | url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/gmlr26&i=1353 }}</ref>
Chief among these is the Ninth Circuit's unique rules concerning the composition of an ''en banc'' court. In other circuits, ''en banc'' courts are composed of all active circuit judges, plus (depending on the rules of the particular court) any senior judges who took part in the original panel decision. By contrast, in the Ninth Circuit it is impractical for 29 or more judges to take part in a single oral argument and deliberate on a decision en masse. The court thus provides for a limited ''en banc'' review by the Chief Judge and a panel of 10 randomly selected judges.<ref>Rule 35–3 http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/rules/frap.pdf</ref> This means that ''en banc'' reviews may not actually reflect the views of the majority of the court and indeed may not include any of the three judges involved in the decision being reviewed in the first place. The result, according to detractors, is a high risk of ''intracircuit'' conflicts of law where different groupings of judges end up delivering contradictory opinions. That is said to cause uncertainty in the district courts and within the bar. However, ''en banc'' review is a relatively rare occurrence in all circuits and Ninth Circuit rules provide for full ''en banc'' review in limited circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 21, 2003|url=http://judiciary.house.gov/legacy/kozinski102103.htm|title=Statement of Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski to the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives|access-date=February 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926114549/http://judiciary.house.gov/legacy/kozinski102103.htm|archive-date=September 26, 2012}}</ref>
All recently proposed splits would leave at least one circuit with 21 judges, only two fewer than the 23 that the Ninth Circuit had when the limited ''en banc'' procedure was first adopted. In other words, after a split at least one of the circuits would still be using limited ''en banc'' courts.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Schroeder | first=Mary M. |author-link=Mary M. Schroeder |date=April 2006 |title=A Court United: A Statement of a Number of Ninth Circuit Judges |journal=Engage |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=63–66 |url=https://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/wsj_court_united.pdf |access-date=June 6, 2006 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
In March 2007, Associate Justices Anthony Kennedy and Clarence Thomas testified before a House Appropriations subcommittee that the consensus among the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States was that the Ninth Circuit was too large and unwieldy and should be split.<ref name="testify">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?197182-1/america-courts |title=America and the Courts |time=48:30 |publisher=C-SPAN |date=March 17, 2007 |access-date=April 8, 2023}}</ref>
Congressional officials, legislative commissions, and interest groups have all submitted proposals to divide the Ninth Circuit such as: * Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Reorganization Act of 1993, H.R. 3654<ref>{{cite web|first=Eric J.|last=Gribbin|title=47 Duke L.J. 351|url=http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?47+Duke+L.+J.+351+pdf|website=law.duke.edu|format=PDF|access-date=June 14, 2009|archive-date=March 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306021624/http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?47+Duke+L.+J.+351+pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Final Report of the Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals<ref>Final Report, Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals, December 18, 1998</ref> * Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals of Reorganization Act of 2003, S. 562 * Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2003, H.R. 2723 * Ninth Circuit Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2004, S. 878 (reintroduced as the Ninth Circuit Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2005, H.R. 211, and co-sponsored by House Majority Leader Tom DeLay) * Circuit Court of Appeals Restructuring and Modernization Act of 2005, S. 1845<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=e655f9e2809e5476862f735da10bb4f9&wit_id=e655f9e2809e5476862f735da10bb4f9-1-2 Testimony of Circuit Judge Richard Tallman: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113002914/http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=e655f9e2809e5476862f735da10bb4f9&wit_id=e655f9e2809e5476862f735da10bb4f9-1-2 |date=November 13, 2013 }}, United States Senate: Committee on the Judiciary, October 26, 2005; retrieved November 19, 2007.</ref> * Circuit Court of Appeals Restructuring and Modernization Act of 2007, S. 525<ref>[http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=s110-525 Govtrack.us] S. 525—110th Congress (2007): Circuit Court of Appeals Restructuring and Modernization Act of 2007 (database of federal legislation): [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=s110-525 govtrack.us]; retrieved February 18, 2008.</ref> * Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2017, H.R. 196<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr196/text Govtrack.us]; retrieved February 27, 2021,</ref>
The more recent proposals have aimed to redefine the Ninth Circuit to cover California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and to create a new Twelfth Circuit to cover Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
== Current composition of the court == <onlyinclude> {{As of|2025|12|07|df=US}}: {{start U.S. judgeship Current}} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 94 | title = Chief Judge | name = {{sortname|Mary H.|Murguia}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1960 | term = 2011–present | chief term = 2021–present | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 79 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Kim McLane|Wardlaw}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1954 | term = 1998–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 82 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Ronald M.|Gould}} | duty station = Seattle, WA | born = 1946 | term = 1999–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 86 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Johnnie B.|Rawlinson}} | duty station = Las Vegas, NV | born = 1952 | term = 2000–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 89 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Consuelo|Callahan}} | duty station = Sacramento, CA | born = 1950 | term = 2003–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 91 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Milan|Smith}} | duty station = El Segundo, CA | born = 1942 | term = 2006–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 95 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Morgan|Christen}} | duty station = Anchorage, AK | born = 1961 | term = 2012–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 96 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Jacqueline|Nguyen}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1965 | term = 2012–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 99 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|John B.|Owens}} | duty station = San Diego, CA | born = 1971 | term = 2014–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 100 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Michelle|Friedland}} | duty station = San Jose, CA | born = 1972 | term = 2014–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 101 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Mark J.|Bennett}} | duty station = Honolulu, HI | born = 1953 | term = 2018–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 102 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Ryan D.|Nelson}} | duty station = Idaho Falls, ID | born = 1973 | term = 2018–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 103 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Eric D.|Miller}} | duty station = Seattle, WA | born = 1975 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 104 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Bridget S.|Bade}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1965 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 105 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Daniel P.|Collins}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1963 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 106 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Kenneth K.|Lee}} | duty station = San Diego, CA | born = 1975 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 107 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Daniel|Bress}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1979 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 108 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Danielle J.|Forrest}} | duty station = Portland, OR | born = 1977 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 109 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Patrick J.|Bumatay}} | duty station = San Diego, CA | born = 1978 | term = 2019–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 110 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Lawrence|VanDyke}} | duty station = Reno, NV | born = 1972 | term = 2020–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 111 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Lucy|Koh}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1968 | term = 2021–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 112 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Jennifer|Sung}} | duty station = Portland, OR | born = 1972 | term = 2021–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 113 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Gabriel P.|Sanchez}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1976 | term = 2022–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 114 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Holly A.|Thomas}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1979 | term = 2022–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 115 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Salvador|Mendoza Jr.}} | duty station = Richland, WA | born = 1971 | term = 2022–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 116 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Roopali|Desai}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1978 | term = 2022–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 117 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Anthony|Johnstone}} | duty station = Missoula, MT | born = 1973 | term = 2023–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 118 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Ana|de Alba}} | duty station = Fresno, CA | born = 1979 | term = 2023–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Biden|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 119 | title = Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Eric|Tung}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1984 | term = 2025–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Trump|List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 40 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|J. Clifford|Wallace}} | duty station = San Diego, CA | born = 1928 | term = 1972–1996 | chief term = 1991–1996 | senior term = 1996–present | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 47 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Mary M.|Schroeder}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1940 | term = 1979–2011 | chief term = 2000–2007 | senior term = 2011–present | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 54 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Dorothy Wright|Nelson}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1928 | term = 1979–1995 | chief term = — | senior term = 1995–present | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 55 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|William|Canby}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1931 | term = 1980–1996 | chief term = — | senior term = 1996–present | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 66 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Diarmuid|O'Scannlain}} | duty station = Portland, OR | born = 1937 | term = 1986–2016 | chief term = — | senior term = 2016–present | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 68 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Stephen S.|Trott}} | duty station = ''inactive'' | born = 1939 | term = 1988–2004 | chief term = — | senior term = 2004–present | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 69 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Ferdinand|Fernandez}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1937 | term = 1989–2002 | chief term = — | senior term = 2002–present | appointer = {{sortname|G.H.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 73 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Michael Daly|Hawkins}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1945 | term = 1994–2010 | chief term = — | senior term = 2010–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 74 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|A. Wallace|Tashima}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1934 | term = 1996–2004 | chief term = — | senior term = 2004–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 75 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Sidney R.|Thomas}} | duty station = Billings, MT | born = 1953 | term = 1996–2023 | chief term = 2014–2021 | senior term = 2023–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 76 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Barry G.|Silverman}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1951 | term = 1998–2016 | chief term = — | senior term = 2016–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 77 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Susan P.|Graber}} | duty station = Portland, OR | born = 1949 | term = 1998–2021 | chief term = — | senior term = 2021–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 78 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|M. Margaret|McKeown}} | duty station = San Diego, CA | born = 1951 | term = 1998–2022 | chief term = — | senior term = 2022–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 80 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|William A.|Fletcher}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1945 | term = 1998–2022 | chief term = — | senior term = 2022–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 83 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Richard|Paez}} | duty station = Pasadena, CA | born = 1947 | term = 2000–2021 | chief term = — | senior term = 2021–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 84 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Marsha|Berzon}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1945 | term = 2000–2022 | chief term = — | senior term = 2022–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 85 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Richard C.|Tallman}} | duty station = Coeur d'Alene, ID | born = 1953 | term = 2000–2018 | chief term = — | senior term = 2018–present | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 87 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Richard|Clifton}} | duty station = Honolulu, HI | born = 1950 | term = 2002–2016 | chief term = — | senior term = 2016–present | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 88 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Jay|Bybee}} | duty station = Las Vegas, NV | born = 1953 | term = 2003–2019 | chief term = — | senior term = 2019–present | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 90 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Carlos|Bea}} | duty station = San Francisco, CA | born = 1934 | term = 2003–2019 | chief term = — | senior term = 2019–present | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 93 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|N. Randy|Smith}} | duty station = Pocatello, ID | born = 1949 | term = 2007–2018 | chief term = — | senior term = 2018–present | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 98 | title = Senior Judge | name = {{sortname|Andrew D.|Hurwitz}} | duty station = Phoenix, AZ | born = 1947 | term = 2012–2022 | chief term = — | senior term = 2022–present | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} }} {{end U.S. judgeship Current}}</onlyinclude>
== List of former judges == {{start U.S. judgeship Former}} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 1 | name = {{sortname|Lorenzo|Sawyer}} | state = CA | borndied = 1820–1891 | term = 1891 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Grant|List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant}} / Operation of law{{efn|Sawyer was appointed as a circuit judge for the Ninth Circuit in 1869 by Ulysses S. Grant. The Judiciary Act of 1891 reassigned his seat to what is now the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 2 | name = {{sortname|Joseph|McKenna}} | state = CA | borndied = 1843–1926 | term = 1892–1897 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|B.|Harrison|List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 3 | name = {{sortname|William Ball|Gilbert}} | state = OR | borndied = 1847–1931 | term = 1892–1931 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|B.|Harrison|List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 4 | name = {{sortname|Erskine Mayo|Ross}} | state = CA | borndied = 1845–1928 | term = 1895–1925 | chief term = — | senior term = 1925–1928 | appointer = {{sortname||Cleveland|List of federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 5 | name = {{sortname|William W.|Morrow}} | state = CA | borndied = 1843–1929 | term = 1897–1923 | chief term = — | senior term = 1923–1929 | appointer = {{sortname||McKinley|List of federal judges appointed by William McKinley}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 6 | name = {{sortname|William Henry|Hunt|dab=judge}} | state = MT | borndied = 1857–1949 | term = 1911–1928 | chief term = — | senior term = 1928 | appointer = {{efn|Hunt did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated United States Commerce Court in 1911 by William Howard Taft. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States to whichever circuit most needed help. Hunt was assigned to the Ninth Circuit upon his commission.}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 7 | name = {{sortname|Frank H.|Rudkin}} | state = WA | borndied = 1864–1931 | term = 1923–1931 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Harding|List of federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 8 | name = {{sortname|Wallace|McCamant}} | state = OR | borndied = 1867–1944 | term = 1925{{efn|Recess appointment not confirmed}}–1926 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}} | termination = not confirmed }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 9 | name = {{sortname|Frank Sigel|Dietrich}} | state = ID | borndied = 1863–1930 | term = 1927–1930 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 10 | name = {{sortname|Curtis D.|Wilbur}} | state = CA | borndied = 1867–1954 | term = 1929–1945 | chief term = — | senior term = 1945–1954 | appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}}{{efn|President Coolidge first nominated Wilbur for the judgeship in the final days of his presidency, but the Senate failed to act on it before the 70tb Congress ended on March 3, 1929.<ref>"Wilbur Nominated for Judge Post", Woodland Daily Democrat, March 1, 1929 at p. 1 (noting, as the Coolidge Administration ended, that Coolidge nominated Wilbur for the new judgeship).</ref><ref>"Sentence Cut Out by Hoover", Oakland Tribune, 1929-03-04, Section D, p. 1 (noting that the Wilbur nomination was not acted upon before the 70th Congress ended).</ref> Hoover then resubmitted the nomination to the Senate in the 71st Congress, which approved it.}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 11 | name = {{sortname|William Henry|Sawtelle}} | state = AZ | borndied = 1868–1934 | term = 1931–1934 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 12 | name = {{sortname|Francis Arthur|Garrecht}} | state = WA | borndied = 1870–1948 | term = 1933–1948 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 13 | name = {{sortname|William|Denman|dab=judge}} | state = CA | borndied = 1872–1959 | term = 1935–1957 | chief term = 1948–1957 | senior term = 1957–1959 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 14 | name = {{sortname|Clifton|Mathews}} | state = AZ | borndied = 1880–1962 | term = 1935–1953 | chief term = — | senior term = 1953–1962 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 15 | name = {{sortname|Bert E.|Haney}} | state = OR | borndied = 1879–1943 | term = 1935–1943 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 16 | name = {{sortname|Albert Lee|Stephens Sr.}} | state = CA | borndied = 1874–1965 | term = 1937–1961 | chief term = 1957–1959 | senior term = 1961–1965 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 17 | name = {{sortname|William|Healy|dab=judge}} | state = ID | borndied = 1881–1962 | term = 1937–1958 | chief term = — | senior term = 1958–1962 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 18 | name = {{sortname|Homer|Bone}} | state = WA | borndied = 1883–1970 | term = 1944–1956 | chief term = — | senior term = 1956–1970 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 19 | name = {{sortname|William Edwin|Orr}} | state = NV | borndied = 1881–1965 | term = 1945–1956 | chief term = — | senior term = 1956–1965 | appointer = {{sortname||Truman|List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 20 | name = {{sortname|Walter Lyndon|Pope}} | state = MT | borndied = 1889–1969 | term = 1949–1961 | chief term = 1959 | senior term = 1961–1969 | appointer = {{sortname||Truman|List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 21 | name = {{sortname|Dal Millington|Lemmon}} | state = CA | borndied = 1887–1958 | term = 1954–1958 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 22 | name = {{sortname|Richard|Chambers|Richard Harvey Chambers}} | state = AZ | borndied = 1906–1994 | term = 1954–1976 | chief term = 1959–1976 | senior term = 1976–1994 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 23 | name = {{sortname|James Alger|Fee}} | state = OR | borndied = 1888–1959 | term = 1954–1959 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 24 | name = {{sortname|Stanley|Barnes}} | state = CA | borndied = 1900–1990 | term = 1956–1970 | chief term = — | senior term = 1970–1990 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 25 | name = {{sortname|Frederick|Hamley|Frederick George Hamley}} | state = WA | borndied = 1903–1975 | term = 1956–1971 | chief term = — | senior term = 1971–1975 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 26 | name = {{sortname|Oliver Deveta|Hamlin Jr.}} | state = CA | borndied = 1892–1973 | term = 1958–1963 | chief term = — | senior term = 1963–1973 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 27 | name = {{sortname|Gilbert H.|Jertberg}} | state = CA | borndied = 1897–1973 | term = 1958–1967 | chief term = — | senior term = 1967–1973 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 28 | name = {{sortname|Charles Merton|Merrill}} | state = NV | borndied = 1907–1996 | term = 1959–1974 | chief term = — | senior term = 1974–1996 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 29 | name = {{sortname|Montgomery|Koelsch|Montgomery Oliver Koelsch}} | state = ID | borndied = 1912–1992 | term = 1959–1976 | chief term = — | senior term = 1976–1992 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 30 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|James R.|Browning}} | state = CA | borndied = 1918–2012 | term = 1961–2000 | chief term = 1976–1988 | senior term = 2000–2012 | appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 31 | name = {{sortname|Benjamin C.|Duniway|Ben C. Duniway}} | state = CA | borndied = 1907–1986 | term = 1961–1976 | chief term = — | senior term = 1976–1986 | appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 32 | name = {{sortname|Walter Raleigh|Ely Jr.}} | state = CA | borndied = 1913–1984 | term = 1964–1979 | chief term = — | senior term = 1979–1984 | appointer = {{sortname|L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 33 | name = {{sortname|James Marshall|Carter}} | state = CA | borndied = 1904–1979 | term = 1967–1971 | chief term = — | senior term = 1971–1979 | appointer = {{sortname|L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 34 | name = {{sortname|Shirley|Hufstedler}} | state = CA | borndied = 1925–2016 | term = 1968–1979 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 35 | name = {{sortname|Eugene Allen|Wright}} | state = WA | borndied = 1913–2002 | term = 1969–1983 | chief term = — | senior term = 1983–2002 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 36 | name = {{sortname|John|Kilkenny}} | state = OR | borndied = 1901–1995 | term = 1969–1971 | chief term = — | senior term = 1971–1995 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 37 | name = {{sortname|Ozell Miller|Trask}} | state = AZ | borndied = 1909–1984 | term = 1969–1979 | chief term = — | senior term = 1979–1984 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 38 | name = {{sortname|Herbert|Choy}} | state = HI | borndied = 1916–2004 | term = 1971–1984 | chief term = — | senior term = 1984–2004 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 39 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = {{sortname|Alfred|Goodwin}} | state = CA | borndied = 1923–2022 | term = 1971–1991 | chief term = 1988–1991 | senior term = 1991–2022 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 41 | name = {{sortname|Joseph Tyree|Sneed III}} | state = CA | borndied = 1920–2008 | term = 1973–1987 | chief term = — | senior term = 1987–2008 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 42 | name = {{sortname|Anthony|Kennedy}} | state = CA | borndied = 1936–present | term = 1975–1988 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Ford|List of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford}} | termination = elevation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 43 | name = {{sortname|J. Blaine|Anderson}} | state = ID | borndied = 1922–1988 | term = 1976–1988 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Ford|List of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 44 | name = {{sortname|Procter Ralph|Hug Jr.}} | state = NV | borndied = 1931–2019 | term = 1977–2002 | chief term = 1996–2000 | senior term = 2002–2017 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = retirement }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 45 | name = {{sortname|Thomas|Tang}} | state = AZ | borndied = 1922–1995 | term = 1977–1993 | chief term = — | senior term = 1993–1995 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 46 | name = Betty Binns Fletcher | state = WA | borndied = 1923–2012 | term = 1979–1998 | chief term = — | senior term = 1998–2012 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 48 | name = Otto Richard Skopil Jr. | state = OR | borndied = 1919–2012 | term = 1979–1986 | chief term = — | senior term = 1986–2012 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 49 | name = {{sortname|Jerome|Farris}} | state = WA | borndied = 1930–2020 | term = 1979–1995 | chief term = — | senior term = 1995–2020 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 50 | name = Arthur Alarcón | state = CA | borndied = 1925–2015 | term = 1979–1992 | chief term = — | senior term = 1992–2015 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 51 | name = Harry Pregerson | state = CA | borndied = 1923–2017 | term = 1979–2015 | chief term = — | senior term = 2015–2017 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 52 | name = Warren J. Ferguson | state = CA | borndied = 1920–2008 | term = 1979–1986 | chief term = — | senior term = 1986–2008 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 53 | name = {{sortname|Cecil F.|Poole}} | state = CA | borndied = 1914–1997 | term = 1979–1996 | chief term = — | senior term = 1996–1997 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 56 | name = {{sortname|Robert|Boochever}} | state = AK | borndied = 1917–2011 | term = 1980–1986 | chief term = — | senior term = 1986–2011 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 57 | name = {{sortname|William Albert|Norris}} | state = CA | borndied = 1927–2017 | term = 1980–1994 | chief term = — | senior term = 1994–1997 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = retirement }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 58 | name = {{sortname|Stephen|Reinhardt}} | state = CA | borndied = 1931–2018 | term = 1980–2018 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 59 | name = {{sortname|Robert|Beezer}} | state = WA | borndied = 1928–2012 | term = 1984–1996 | chief term = — | senior term = 1996–2012 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 60 | name = Cynthia Holcomb Hall | state = CA | borndied = 1929–2011 | term = 1984–1997 | chief term = — | senior term = 1997–2011 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 61 | name = {{sortname|Charles E.|Wiggins}} | state = CA | borndied = 1927–2000 | term = 1984–1996 | chief term = — | senior term = 1996–2000 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 62 | name = {{sortname|Melvin T.|Brunetti}} | state = NV | borndied = 1933–2009 | term = 1985–1999 | chief term = — | senior term = 1999–2009 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 63 | name = {{sortname|Alex|Kozinski}} | state = CA | borndied = 1950–present | term = 1985–2017 | chief term = 2007–2014 | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = retirement }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 64 | name = {{sortname|John T.|Noonan Jr.}} | state = CA | borndied = 1926–2017 | term = 1985–1996 | chief term = — | senior term = 1996–2017 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 65 | name = {{sortname|David R.|Thompson}} | state = CA | borndied = 1930–2011 | term = 1985–1998 | chief term = — | senior term = 1998–2011 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 67 | name = {{sortname|Edward|Leavy}} | state = OR | borndied = 1929–2023 | term = 1987–1997 | chief term = — | senior term = 1997–2023 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 70 | name = {{sortname|Pamela Ann|Rymer}} | state = CA | borndied = 1941–2011 | term = 1989–2011 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|G.H.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 71 | name = {{sortname|Thomas G.|Nelson}} | state = ID | borndied = 1936–2011 | term = 1990–2003 | chief term = — | senior term = 2003–2011 | appointer = {{sortname|G.H.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 72 | name = {{sortname|Andrew|Kleinfeld}} | state = AK | borndied = 1945–2025 | term = 1991–2010 | chief term = — | senior term = 2010–2025 | appointer = {{sortname|G.H.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 81 | name = {{sortname|Raymond C.|Fisher}} | state = CA | borndied = 1939–2020 | term = 1999–2013 | chief term = — | senior term = 2013–2020 | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 92 | name = {{sortname|Sandra Segal|Ikuta}} | state = CA | borndied = 1954–2025 | term = 2006–2025 | chief term = — | senior term = 2025 | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 97 | name = {{sortname|Paul J.|Watford}} | state = CA | borndied = 1967–present | term = 2012–2023 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Obama|List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama}} | termination = resignation }} {{end U.S. judgeship Former}}
== Chief judges == {{start U.S. judge succession | float = right | seat title = Chief Judge }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Denman | term = 1948–1957 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Stephens, Sr. | term = 1957–1959 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Pope | term = 1959 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Chambers | term = 1959–1976 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Browning | term = 1976–1988 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Goodwin | term = 1988–1991 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Wallace | term = 1991–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hug, Jr. | term = 1996–2000 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Schroeder | term = 2000–2007 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Kozinski | term = 2007–2014 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = S.R. Thomas | term = 2014–2021 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Murguia''' | term = 2021–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}}
{{ChiefJudge}}
== Succession of seats == {{seatTableIntro|29}}
{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 1 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on December 10, 1869 by the Judiciary Act of 1869 as a circuit judgeship for the Ninth Circuit }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Reassigned to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by the Judiciary Act of 1891 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Sawyer | state = CA | term = 1891 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = McKenna | state = CA | term = 1892–1897 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Morrow | state = CA | term = 1897–1923 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Rudkin | state = WA | term = 1923–1931 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Garrecht | state = WA | term = 1933–1948 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Pope | state = MT | term = 1949–1961 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Browning | state = MT | term = 1961–2000 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Ikuta | state = CA | term = 2006–2025 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Tung''' | state = CA | term = 2025–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 2 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 16, 1891 by the Judiciary Act of 1891 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Gilbert | state = OR | term = 1892–1931 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Denman | state = CA | term = 1935–1957 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hamlin Jr. | state = CA | term = 1958–1963 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Ely Jr. | state = CA | term = 1964–1979 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Norris | state = CA | term = 1980–1994 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = W. Fletcher | state = CA | term = 1998–2022 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''H.A. Thomas''' | state = CA | term = 2022–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 3 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on February 18, 1895 by 28 Stat. 665 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Ross | state = CA | term = 1895–1925 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = McCamant | state = OR | term = 1925–1926 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Dietrich | state = ID | term = 1927–1930 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Sawtelle | state = AZ | term = 1931–1934 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Mathews | state = AZ | term = 1935–1953 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Fee | state = OR | term = 1954–1959 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Koelsch | state = ID | term = 1959–1976 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Anderson | state = ID | term = 1976–1988 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = T. Nelson | state = ID | term = 1990–2003 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = N.R. Smith | state = ID | term = 2007–2018 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''R. Nelson''' | state = ID | term = 2018–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 4 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established as a temporary judgeship on March 1, 1929 by 45 Stat. 1414 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Made permanent on June 16, 1933 by 48 Stat. 310 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Wilbur | state = CA | term = 1929–1945 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Orr | state = NV | term = 1945–1956 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Barnes | state = CA | term = 1956–1970 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Choy | state = HI | term = 1971–1984 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Brunetti | state = NV | term = 1985–1999 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Rawlinson''' | state = NV | term = 2000–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 5 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on August 2, 1935 by 49 Stat. 508 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Haney | state = OR | term = 1935–1943 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Bone | state = WA | term = 1944–1956 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hamley | state = WA | term = 1956–1971 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Sneed III | state = CA | term = 1973–1987 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Trott | state = CA/ID | term = 1988–2004 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Owens''' | state = CA | term = 2014–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 6 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on April 14, 1937 by 50 Stat. 64 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Stephens Sr. | state = CA | term = 1937–1961 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Duniway | state = CA | term = 1961–1976 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hug Jr. | state = NV | term = 1977–2002 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Bybee | state = NV | term = 2003–2019 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''VanDyke''' | state = NV | term = 2020–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 7 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on April 14, 1937 by 50 Stat. 64 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Healy | state = ID | term = 1937–1958 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Merrill | state = NV | term = 1959–1974 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Kennedy | state = CA | term = 1975–1988 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Rymer | state = CA | term = 1989–2011 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Watford | state = CA | term = 2012–2023 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''de Alba''' | state = CA | term = 2023–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 8 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on February 10, 1954 by 68 Stat. 871 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Lemmon | state = CA | term = 1954–1958 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Jertberg | state = CA | term = 1958–1967 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Carter | state = CA | term = 1967–1971 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Wallace | state = CA | term = 1972–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Wardlaw''' | state = CA | term = 1998–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 9 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on February 10, 1954 by 68 Stat. 871 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Chambers | state = AZ | term = 1954–1976 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Tang | state = AZ | term = 1977–1993 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hawkins | state = AZ | term = 1994–2010 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Murguia''' | state = AZ | term = 2011–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 10 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 18, 1968 by 82 Stat. 184 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hufstedler | state = CA | term = 1968–1979 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Boochever | state = AK | term = 1980–1986 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = O'Scannlain | state = OR | term = 1986–2016 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Forrest''' | state = OR | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 11 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 18, 1968 by 82 Stat. 184 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Wright | state = WA | term = 1969–1983 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Beezer | state = WA | term = 1984–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Gould''' | state = WA | term = 1999–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 12 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 18, 1968 by 82 Stat. 184 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Kilkenny | state = OR | term = 1969–1971 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Goodwin | state = OR | term = 1971–1991 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Kleinfeld | state = AK | term = 1991–2010 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Christen''' | state = AK | term = 2011–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 13 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 18, 1968 by 82 Stat. 184 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Trask | state = AZ | term = 1969–1979 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Canby | state = AZ | term = 1980–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Silverman | state = AZ | term = 1998–2016 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Bade''' | state = AZ | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 14 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Schroeder | state = AZ | term = 1979–2011 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hurwitz | state = AZ | term = 2012–2022 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Desai''' | state = AZ | term = 2022–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 15 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Skopil Jr. | state = OR | term = 1979–1986 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Leavy | state = OR | term = 1987–1997 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Graber | state = OR | term = 1998–2021 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Sung''' | state = OR | term = 2021–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 16 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = B. Fletcher | state = WA | term = 1979–1998 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Tallman | state = WA | term = 2000–2018 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Miller''' | state = WA | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 17 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Farris | state = WA | term = 1979–1995 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = McKeown | state = WA/CA | term = 1998–2022 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Mendoza Jr.''' | state = WA | term = 2022–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 18 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Alarcón | state = CA | term = 1979–1992 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Tashima | state = CA | term = 1996–2004 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''M.D. Smith''' | state = CA | term = 2006–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 19 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Pregerson | state = CA | term = 1979–2015 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Collins''' | state = CA | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 20 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Ferguson | state = CA | term = 1979–1986 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Fernandez | state = CA | term = 1989–2002 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Callahan''' | state = CA | term = 2003–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 21 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Poole | state = CA | term = 1979–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Paez | state = CA | term = 2000–2021 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Koh''' | state = CA | term = 2021–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 22 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = D. Nelson | state = CA | term = 1979–1995 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = S.R. Thomas | state = MT | term = 1996–2023 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Johnstone''' | state = MT | term = 2023–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 23 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Reinhardt | state = CA | term = 1980–2018 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Lee''' | state = CA | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 24 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Wiggins | state = CA | term = 1984–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Bea | state = CA | term = 2003–2019 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Bumatay''' | state = CA | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 25 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Hall | state = CA | term = 1984–1997 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Clifton | state = HI | term = 2002–2016 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Bennett''' | state = HI | term = 2018–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 26 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Kozinski | state = CA | term = 1985–2017 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Bress''' | state = CA | term = 2019–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 27 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Thompson | state = CA | term = 1985–1998 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Fisher | state = CA | term = 1999–2013 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Friedland''' | state = CA | term = 2014–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 28 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Noonan, Jr. | state = CA | term = 1985–1996 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = Berzon | state = CA | term = 2000–2022 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Sanchez''' | state = CA | term = 2022–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 29 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on January 21, 2009 by 121 Stat. 2543<ref name=CSIA2007>Court Security Improvement Act of 2007, [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ177.110.pdf Pub. L. 110–177] § 509(a)(2), 121 Stat. 2534, 2543, January 7, 2008</ref> }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''Nguyen''' | state = CA | term = 2012–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}}
== See also == * Courts of California * Ninth Circuit appointment history * List of current United States circuit judges
== Notes == {{notelist}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == {{Wikisource index}} * [https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit] ** This website includes links to the court's published and unpublished opinions, court-specific rules of appellate procedure, and general operating procedures. * [https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/library/ Ninth Circuit Library] * [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=9th&navby=year&year=recent Recent opinions from FindLaw] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030908214517/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/usca_09_frm?OpenFrameSet Federal Judicial Center] * [http://web.mit.edu/keithw/www/statestats.html Disposition of Supreme Court decisions on certiorari or appeal from state and territory supreme courts, and from federal courts of appeals, 1950–2006]
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