thumb|200px|upright=1.4|''A Map of Philadelphia and Parts Adjacent, with a perspective view of the State-House'' (1752), by N. Scull and G. Heap '''Nicholas Scull II''' (1687–1761) was an American surveyor and cartographer. He served as Surveyor General of Pennsylvania from 1748 to 1761.<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=A Plan of the City and Environs of Philadelphia, 1777|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9563/|work=Library of Congress|publisher=World Digital Library|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>
==Early life== Nicholas Scull II was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His Irish-born father, surveyor Nicholas Scull, began laying out the path for the Old York Road in 1697, and Nicholas II assisted on this as a teen.<ref name=Bedini/> Old York Road was the major route north through Philadelphia County, until the construction of North Broad Street in the 19th century. Nicholas II was about age 16 when his father died in 1703. He apprenticed under Pennsylvania's first Surveyor General, Thomas Holme, and also studied with surveyor Jacob Taylor. He was appointed the first Deputy Surveyor for Philadelphia County in 1719.<ref name=Bedini/>
Scull was one of the twelve original members of ''The Junto'', "a club for mutual improvement" founded by Benjamin Franklin in Autumn 1727. Franklin described him as "Nicholas Scull, a surveyor, afterward surveyor-general, who loved books and sometimes made a few verses,"<ref>''Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin'' (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1921), pp. 62-63.[https://archive.org/details/autobiographybe11frangoog/page/n84/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater]</ref> and noted that Scull was fluent in the local Lenape language.<ref name=Parkhill/>
==Career== [[Image:Walking purchase en.png|thumb|left|upright=1.3|Area acquired by the Penn Family under the Walking Purchase of 1737. The northern Delaware River courses along northeast border between the colonial Province of Pennsylvania and West New Jersey in the Province of New Jersey (''shaded'')]] In 1733, Scull was appointed Deputy Surveyor for Bucks and Philadelphia counties. His work included surveying the Schuylkill and Lehigh Rivers. He handled land disputes in the Delaware Water Gap region between Dutch, French and early Pennsylvania settlers. He accompanied Surveyor General Benjamin Eastburn on the notorious Walking Purchase of 1737,<ref name=Bedini/> a "land swindle,"<ref name=EB>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9075949/Walking-Purchase "Walking-Purchase" from ''Encyclopædia Britannica'']</ref> through which the Penn family claimed an area of 1,200,000 acres (4,860 km<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=EB/> Eastburn later hired Scull's son Edward as a surveyor.<ref name=Bedini/>
Scull ran for Philadelphia County sheriff in 1744, and won. He served as sheriff until 1746, when he was asked to replace William Parsons as Surveyor General.<ref name=Parkhill>{{cite web|last=Parkhill|first=S.M.|title=Despite Surveyor-general Post, Lasting Fame Eluded Scull|url=https://www.mcall.com/1998/08/04/despite-surveyor-general-post-lasting-fame-eluded-scull/|work=Two Rivers Heritage|publisher=The Morning Call|access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref> Scull was formally appointed Surveyor General in 1748, and Edward Scull was appointed to the father's former position as Deputy Surveyor of Philadelphia and Bucks Counties.<ref name=Bedini/>
As Surveyor General, Scull published multiple maps of the Philadelphia region, working at times with his wife's relative, George Heap ({{circa}}1715-1752).<ref name=Bedini/> Heap's sketches for a prospect of Philadelphia were inspired by William Burgis, who created prospects of the cities of New York and Boston.<ref name=Snyder/> Following Heap's premature death, Scull completed the Philadelphia prospect.<ref name=Bedini/> Engraved and printed by Gerard Vandergucht in London in 1754, ''An East Prospect of the City of Philadelphia'' was printed from four copper plates.<ref name=Snyder/> The four sheets could be trimmed and combined into a single image, that measured {{cvt|20|in|cm|sortable=on}} by {{cvt|82|in|cm|sortable=on}}.<ref name=Snyder >Martin P. Snyder, ''City of Independence: Views of Philadelphia before 1800'' (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975), pp. 42-47.</ref>
==Personal life== 150px|thumb|Coat of Arms of Nicholas Scull Nicholas Scull II married Abigail Heap in 1708. Together they had a daughter, Mary; and three sons: Edward, John, and Nicholas III, who became surveyors.<ref name=Bedini>{{cite web|last=Bedini|first=Silvio A.|title=History Corner: The Scull Dynasty of Pennsylvania Surveyors|url=http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=753|publisher=Professional Surveyor Magazine|accessdate=1 January 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101113055/http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=753|archivedate=1 January 2014}}</ref> His daughter Mary married Captain Robert Callender, a fur trader in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.<ref name = "Hopkin">[https://thehopkinthomasproject.com/TheHopkinThomasProject/FamilyTies/BiographicalData/ps11/ps11_162.htm "Col. Robert Callender," The Hopkin Thomas Project, 7 May 2020]</ref>
Nicholas’s grandson was William Scull.
Scull died in 1761, and was buried in Whitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania.<ref name=Bedini/>
==Notable works== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = S&H 1754 a.jpg | width1 = 160 | caption1 = ''An East Prospect of the City'' | image2 = S&H 1754 b.jpg | width2 = 159 | caption2 = ''of Philadelphia'' (1754) | image3 = S&H 1754 c.jpg | width3 = 166 | caption3 = | image4 = S&H 1754 d.jpg | width4 = 159 | caption4 = }} *''A Map of Philadelphia and Parts Adjacent, 1752, by Nicolas Scull and George Heap, first edition'', 1752, University of Pennsylvania<ref name=WPCH>{{cite web|title=1753 map of Philadelphia, by Nicholas Scull and George Heap, first edition|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/maps/map1753scull_heap.html|work=Maps|publisher=West Philadelphia Community History Center|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> **Scull & Heap's 1752 map of Philadelphia was adapted and republished by William Faden in London in 1777, during the American Revolution.<ref name=WDL1/> *''An East Prospect of the City of Philadelphia; taken by George Heap from the Jersey Shore; under the direction of Nicholas Scull, Surveyor General of the Province of Pennsylvania'' (1754) *''To the Honourable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esqrs., true & absolute proprietaries & Governours of the Province of Pennsylvania & counties of New-Castle, Kent & Sussex on Delaware this map of the improved part of the Province of Pennsylvania,'' 1759, Library of Congress<ref name=LOC>{{cite web|title=To the Honourable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esqrs., true & absolute proprietaries & Governours of the Province of Pennsylvania & counties of New-Castle, Kent & Sussex on Delaware this map of the improved part of the Province of Pennsylvania.|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/74692506|work=Map|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category}} {{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scull, Nicholas, II}} Category:1687 births Category:1761 deaths Category:Surveyors from the Thirteen Colonies Category:American cartographers Category:People from Philadelphia Category:People from colonial Pennsylvania Category:Sheriffs of Philadelphia