{{Short description|Māori iwi (tribe) in New Zealand}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=October 2024}} {{Infobox Iwi |iwi_name = Ngāti Whātua |image = Image:auckland.arp.750pix.jpg |caption = Lower Northland Peninsula |map = NgatiWhatua.png |iwi_location = Northland and Auckland |waka = [[Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi]] |population = |united_tribes_no. = |url = {{URL|http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz}} }} [[File:Spomen-ploča u Aucklandu.jpg|thumb|Plaque in [[Auckland]]]] '''Ngāti Whātua''' is a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] (tribe) of the lower [[Northland Peninsula]] of New Zealand's [[North Island]].<ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web|title=Rohe|url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/ngati-whatua/|website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]], [[New Zealand Government]]|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> It comprises a confederation of five [[hapū]] (subtribes) interconnected both by ancestry and by association over time: [[Te Uri-o-Hau]], [[Te Roroa]], [[Te Taoū]], [[Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara]] and [[Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei]]. The five hapū can act together or separately as independent tribes.<ref name=rohe>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/mana-ngati-whatua/rohe |title=Te rohe o Ngāti Whātua: our area |publisher=Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whātua |access-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524022845/http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/mana-ngati-whatua/rohe |archive-date=24 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name=origins>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Ngāti Whātua – Origins |first=Rāwiri |last=Taonui |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua/page-1 |encyclopedia= Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=22 September 2012 |access-date=24 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Taonga |first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu |title=Ngāti Whātua |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=teara.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref>
Ngāti Whātua's territory or ''[[rohe]]'' is traditionally expressed as, "{{lang|mi|Tāmaki ki Maunganui i te Tai Hauauru}}" and "{{lang|mi|Tāmaki ki Manaia i te Rawhiti}}". The northern boundary is expressed as, "{{lang|mi|Manaia titiro ki Whatitiri, Whatitiri titiro ki Tutamoe, Tutamoe titiro ki Maunganui}}". The southern boundary is expressed as, "{{lang|mi|Te awa o Tāmaki}}". The area runs from [[Tamaki River|Tāmaki River]] in the south to [[Maunganui Bluff]] (at the northern end of [[Aranga, New Zealand|Aranga Beach]] on the west coast) in the north, and to [[Whangārei Harbour]] on the east coast. By the time of European settlement in New Zealand, Ngāti Whātua's territory was around the [[Kaipara Harbour]] and stretching south to {{lang|mi|Tāmaki Makaurau}}, the site of present-day Auckland.<ref name=rohe/>
== History == Ngāti Whātua descends from the ancestor Tuputupuwhenua (also known as Tumutumuwhenua). The iwi traces its arrival in New Zealand to the [[Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi]] canoe, which landed north of the Kaipara Harbour. They also descend from ancestors who migrated from [[Muriwhenua]] in the [[Far North District|Far North]] and intermarried with the tribes in Ngāti Whātua's territory.<ref name=origins/> By the 16th and 17th century, Ngāti Whātua had become established around the [[Kaipara Harbour]].<ref name="Kāwharu_lecture">{{cite speech |title=Land and Identity in Tāmaki: a Ngāti Whātua Perspective |first=Hugh |last=Kāwharu |author-link=Hugh Kāwharu |event=[[Edmund Hillary|Hillary]] Lecture |location=Auckland, New Zealand |institution=[[Auckland War Memorial Museum]] |date=2001 |url=http://tekakano.aucklandmuseum.com/images/common/landandidentitylecturenotes.pdf |access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102043426/https://tekakano.aucklandmuseum.com/images/common/landandidentitylecturenotes.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2021}}</ref>
Rivalry with [[Ngāpuhi]] escalated in the early 19th century when Ngāpuhi acquired [[musket]]s. Ngāpuhi attacked Ngāti Whātua in 1807 or 1808 in the [[battle of Moremonui]] north of [[Dargaville]] – probably the occasion of the first use of firearms in Māori warfare. Ngāti Whātua overcame the Ngāpuhi warriors with hand weapons while Ngāpuhi were reloading their muskets, winning a decisive victory over the attackers. Ngāpuhi, led by [[Hongi Hika]], exacted revenge in 1825 when they defeated Ngāti Whātua in the battle of [[Te Whareumu#Te Ika-a-ranga-nui|Te Ika a Ranganui]] near [[Kaiwaka]].
On 20 March 1840 in the [[Manukau Harbour]] area where Ngāti Whātua farmed, [[paramount chief]] [[Apihai Te Kawau]] signed the Māori translation of the [[Treaty of Waitangi]], te tiriti o waitangi.<ref name="AklLib_ManakauTreatySigning">{{cite web|title=Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840|url=http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx|publisher=Auckland Council|access-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604091149/http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from [[Ngāpuhi]] as well as a reciprocal relationship with the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Crown]] and the [[Christian Church|Church]]. Soon after signing the Treaty, Te Kawau offered land on the [[Waitemata Harbour|Waitematā Harbour]] to [[William Hobson]], the new Governor of New Zealand, for his new [[Capital of New Zealand|capital]].<ref name="DNZB Te Kawau">{{DNZB|title=Apihai Te Kawau |author=Pihema, Ani|author2=Kerei, Ruby|author3=Oliver, Steven |id=1t42|access-date=23 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Biography">{{cite web|title=Āpihai Te Kawau|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau|publisher=Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Apihai">{{cite web|title=Apihai Te Kawau|url=http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/|publisher=Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei|access-date=11 August 2019|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811062406/http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Values">{{cite web|title=Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> Hobson took up the offer and moved the capital of New Zealand to {{lang|mi|Tāmaki Makaurau}}, naming the settlement ''Auckland''.
Ngāti Whātua came to national prominence in the 1970s in a dispute over vacant land at [[Bastion Point]], a little way east of the Auckland city centre, adjoining the suburb of [[Ōrākei]]. The land, which the New Zealand government had acquired cheaply for public works many decades before, largely reverted to the tribe after a long occupation and passive resistance.<ref name="untoldstory">{{cite web|title=Bastion Point – The Untold Story|url=http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/bastion-point---the-untold-story-1999|website=nzonscreen.com|publisher=[[NZ On Screen]]|access-date=16 September 2016|format=Documentary|date=1999}}</ref><ref name="teara-cordon">{{cite encyclopedia |title= Police cordon, Bastion Point |first1= Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal |last1=Royal |author-link1=Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/2622/police-cordon-bastion-point |encyclopedia= Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=11 July 2013 |access-date= 24 May 2015}}</ref>
==Governance==
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whātua has a mandate, recognised by the [[New Zealand Government]], to negotiate [[Treaty of Waitangi]] settlements for Ngāti Whātua. It is also a mandated iwi organisation under the Māori Fisheries Act, and an Iwi Aquaculture Organisation in the Māori Commercial Aquaculture Claims Settlement Act. It represents Ngāti Whātua as an iwi authority under the [[Resource Management Act]] and is a [[Tūhono]] organisation.
The Rūnanga is a Māori Trust Board governed by 11 trustees from 5 takiwā or districts: 1 trustee from Ōrākei, 2 from South Kaipara, 3 from Ōtamatea, 1 from Whangārei and 4 from Northern Wairoa.<ref name="tkmentry" /> As of 2026, the chair of the trust is Tyrone Raumati, the deputy chair is Margie Tukerangi, the Manahautū is Alan Riwaka, and the trust is based in Whangarei.<ref name="whatua-official">{{cite web|title=Ngati Whatua|url=http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz|website=ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz|publisher=Ngāti Whatua |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>
The iwi has interest in the territory of [[Northland Regional Council]], [[Auckland Council]], [[Kaipara District Council]] and [[Whangarei District Council]].<ref name="tkmentry" />
==Hapū and marae==
===Northern Wairoa===
* Ngāti Hinga hapū, based at Ahikiwi marae (Te Aranga Mai o te Whakapono wharenui), Kaihū * Ngāti Torehina, based at Taita marae (Kia Mahara Koutou wharenui), Māmaranui * Unidentified hapū, based at Kāpehu marae (Tāringaroa wharenui), Mititai, and Tama te Uaua marae (Tama te Uaua wharenui), Kaihū * Te Popoto, based at Ōtūrei marae (Rangimārie Te Aroha wharenui), Aratapu * Te Roroa, based at Pananawe marae (Te Taumata o Tiopira Kinaki wharenui), Waipoua; Te Houhanga marae (Rāhiri wharenui), Dargaville; Waikarā marae (Te Uaua wharenui), Aranga; * Te Uri o Hau, based at: Otamatea Marae, Kaipara, Maungataroto. Naumai marae (Ngā Uri o te Kotahitanga wharenui), Ruawai; Ōtūrei marae (Rangimārie Te Aroha wharenui), Aratapu; Rīpia marae (No wharenui), Rīpia, and Pouto; Waikaretu marae, Matakohe; Parirau Marae-Wharemarama (Te Uri-o-Hau).<ref name="tkmentry" />
===Whangarei===
The Whangarei district has four hapū (sub-tribes): * Patuharakeke hapū, based at Takahiwai marae (Rangiora wharenui), Takahiwai * Te Kuihi hapū, based at Tangiterōria marae (Tirarau wharenui), Tangiterōria * Te Parawhau hapū, based at Korokota marae (Tikitiki o Rangi wharenui), Tītoki and Tangiterōria marae (Tirarau wharenui), Tangiterōria * Te Uriroroi hapū, based at Toetoe marae (Toetoe wharenui), Ōtaika<ref name="tkmentry" />
=== Ōrākei ===
* Ngā Oho, based at Ōrākei marae (with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrākei * Te Taoū, based at Ōrākei marae (with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrākei * Te Uri Ngutu, based at Ōrākei marae (with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrākei<ref name="tkmentry" />
==Radio station== Ake 1179 is the official radio station of Ngāti Whātua, but is not officially part of the [[Te Whakaruruhau o Nga Reo Irirangi Māori|iwi radio network]].<ref name=irirangi>{{cite web|title=Listen Online|url=http://www.irirangi.net/listen-online.aspx|website=Irirangi|publisher=Te Whakaruruhau o Nga Reo Irirangi Māori|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> It broadcasts on {{Frequency|1179|AM}} in [[Auckland]], and features a combination of [[urban contemporary]] music and traditional storytelling.<ref name=ake1179>{{cite web|title=Ake 1179|url=http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/manaakitanga/ake-1179am|website=Te Rūnanga Ngāti Whātua|publisher=Ngāti Whātua|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-date=22 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122060428/http://ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/manaakitanga/ake-1179am|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Notable people== {{main category|Ngāti Whātua people}} * [[Dame Naida Glavish]], politician and community leader * [[Joe Hawke]], politician and businessman * [[Josh Hohneck]], rugby union player * [[Erana James]], actress * [[Hugh Kāwharu]], chief and academic * [[Merata Kawharu]], writer and academic * [[Graham Latimer]], former Māori Council president * [[Manos Nathan]], ceramicist * [[Paraire Karaka Paikea]], politician and church minister * [[Ōtene Pāora]], Māori leader and land negotiator * [[Tame Te Rangi]], civil servant and sports commentator * [[Ngapipi Reweti]], land negotiator * [[Āpihai Te Kawau]], tribal leader * [[Pāora Tūhaere]], tribal leader * [[Diane Prince (artist)|Diane Prince]], artist, weaver and set designer * [[Sir William Richard Wright]], treaty negotiator and member of the New Zealand Order of Merit
== References == {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *[https://ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/ Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whātua] *[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua Ngāti Whātua], ''Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand'' *[http://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/waitangi-tribunal/resources/teaching-aids/resource-kits/orakei Orakei resource kit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619214217/http://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/waitangi-tribunal/resources/teaching-aids/resource-kits/orakei |date=2016-06-19 }}, Waitangi Tribunal
{{Iwi}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ngati Whatua}} [[Category:Ngāti Whātua| ]]