{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{Infobox gene}} '''Neurogenic differentiation 1''' ('''Neurod1'''), also called '''β2''',<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Poulin G, Turgeon B, Drouin J | title = NeuroD1/beta2 contributes to cell-specific transcription of the proopiomelanocortin gene | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 11 | pages = 6673–6682 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9343431 | pmc = 232521 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.17.11.6673 }}</ref> is a transcription factor of the NeuroD-type. It is encoded by the human gene '''NEUROD1'''.
In mice, ''Neurod1'' expression is first seen at embryonic day 12 (E12).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bormuth I, Yan K, Yonemasu T, Gummert M, Zhang M, Wichert S, Grishina O, Pieper A, Zhang W, Goebbels S, Tarabykin V, Nave KA, Schwab MH | title = Neuronal basic helix-loop-helix proteins Neurod2/6 regulate cortical commissure formation before midline interactions | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 641–651 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23303943 | pmc = 6704922 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0899-12.2013 | s2cid = 25600245 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
It is a member of the Neurod family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, composed of Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the insulin gene, and mutations in this gene result in type II diabetes mellitus in mouse models and in human clinical patients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Malecki MT, Jhala US, Antonellis A, Fields L, Doria A, Orban T, Saad M, Warram JH, Montminy M, Krolewski AS | title = Mutations in NEUROD1 are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–328 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10545951 | doi = 10.1038/15500 | s2cid = 3216136 }}</ref>
''Neurod1'' is found to convert reactive glial cells into functional neurons in the mouse brain ''in vivo''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo Z, Zhang L, Wu Z, Chen Y, Wang F, Chen G | title = In vivo direct reprogramming of reactive glial cells into functional neurons after brain injury and in an Alzheimer's disease model | journal = Cell Stem Cell | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 188–202 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24360883 | pmc = 3967760 | doi = 10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.001 }}</ref> In the adult cortex, ''Neurod1'' expression is a marker of mature excitatory pyramidal neurons in the upper-most layers of the cortex.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tutukova S, Tarabykin V, Hernandez-Miranda LR | title = The Role of Neurod Genes in Brain Development, Function, and Disease | journal = Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 14 | article-number = 662774 | date = 2021 | pmid = 34177462 | pmc = 8221396 | doi = 10.3389/fnmol.2021.662774 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
== Interactions ==
Neurod1 has been shown to interact with MAP3K10,<ref name=pmid12881483>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marcora E, Gowan K, Lee JE | title = Stimulation of NeuroD activity by huntingtin and huntingtin-associated proteins HAP1 and MLK2 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 16 | pages = 9578–9583 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12881483 | pmc = 170960 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1133382100 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2003PNAS..100.9578M }}</ref> MAFA<ref name=pmid15665000>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao L, Guo M, Matsuoka TA, Hagman DK, Parazzoli SD, Poitout V, Stein R | title = The islet beta cell-enriched MafA activator is a key regulator of insulin gene transcription | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 12 | pages = 11887–11894 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15665000 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M409475200 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and Cyclin D1.<ref name=pmid11788592>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ratineau C, Petry MW, Mutoh H, Leiter AB | title = Cyclin D1 represses the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, BETA2/NeuroD | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 11 | pages = 8847–8853 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11788592 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110747200 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}} {{clear}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fajans SS, Bell GI, Polonsky KS | title = Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 13 | pages = 971–980 | date = September 2001 | pmid = 11575290 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra002168 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Cho JH, Tsai MJ | title = The role of BETA2/NeuroD1 in the development of the nervous system | journal = Molecular Neurobiology | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–47 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15247487 | doi = 10.1385/MN:30:1:035 | author2-link = Ming-Jer Tsai | s2cid = 19923393 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Chae JH, Stein GH, Lee JE | title = NeuroD: the predicted and the surprising | journal = Molecules and Cells | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 271–288 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15650322 | doi = 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13113-X | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tamimi R, Steingrimsson E, Copeland NG, Dyer-Montgomery K, Lee JE, Hernandez R, Jenkins NA, Tapscott SJ | title = The NEUROD gene maps to human chromosome 2q32 and mouse chromosome 2 | journal = Genomics | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 418–421 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8786144 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0306 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yokoyama M, Nishi Y, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura M, Akiyama K, Matsubara K, Okubo K | title = Molecular cloning of a human neuroD from a neuroblastoma cell line specifically expressed in the fetal brain and adult cerebellum | journal = Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 135–139 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8915591 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00154-4 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yokoyama M, Nishi Y, Yoshii J, Okubo K, Matsubara K | title = Identification and cloning of neuroblastoma-specific and nerve tissue-specific genes through compiled expression profiles | journal = DNA Research | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 311–320 | date = October 1996 | pmid = 9039501 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/3.5.311 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Acharya HR, Dooley CM, Thoreson WB, Ahmad I | title = cDNA cloning and expression analysis of NeuroD mRNA in human retina | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 233 | issue = 2 | pages = 459–463 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9144558 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6483 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Poulin G, Turgeon B, Drouin J | title = NeuroD1/beta2 contributes to cell-specific transcription of the proopiomelanocortin gene | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 11 | pages = 6673–6682 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9343431 | pmc = 232521 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.17.11.6673 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Furuta H, Horikawa Y, Iwasaki N, Hara M, Sussel L, Le Beau MM, Davis EM, Ogata M, Iwamoto Y, German MS, Bell GI | title = Beta-cell transcription factors and diabetes: mutations in the coding region of the BETA2/NeuroD1 (NEUROD1) and Nkx2.2 (NKX2B) genes are not associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young in Japanese | journal = Diabetes | volume = 47 | issue = 8 | pages = 1356–1358 | date = August 1998 | pmid = 9703340 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.47.8.1356 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yoon YS, Noma T, Yamashiro Y, Ito H, Nakazawa A | title = Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding human NeuroD | journal = Neuroscience Letters | volume = 251 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–20 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9714454 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00490-X | s2cid = 39872130 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Miyachi T, Maruyama H, Kitamura T, Nakamura S, Kawakami H | title = Structure and regulation of the human NeuroD (BETA2/BHF1) gene | journal = Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research | volume = 69 | issue = 2 | pages = 223–231 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10366743 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00112-6 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Noma T, Yoon YS, Yamashiro Y, Fujisawa K, Nakazawa A | title = Regulation of NeuroD expression by activation of the protein kinase-C pathway in Y79 human retinoblastoma cells | journal = Neuroscience Letters | volume = 272 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–48 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10507539 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00569-8 | s2cid = 3158332 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Malecki MT, Jhala US, Antonellis A, Fields L, Doria A, Orban T, Saad M, Warram JH, Montminy M, Krolewski AS | title = Mutations in NEUROD1 are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–328 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10545951 | doi = 10.1038/15500 | s2cid = 3216136 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Glick E, Leshkowitz D, Walker MD | title = Transcription factor BETA2 acts cooperatively with E2A and PDX1 to activate the insulin gene promoter | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 3 | pages = 2199–2204 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10636926 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.275.3.2199 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Onions J, Hermann S, Grundström T | title = A novel type of calmodulin interaction in the inhibition of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 39 | issue = 15 | pages = 4366–4374 | date = April 2000 | pmid = 10757985 | doi = 10.1021/bi992533u }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki M, Amemiya S, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Ishihara T, Aya M, Kato K, Kasuga A, Nakazawa S | title = The association of Ala45Thr polymorphism in NeuroD with child-onset Type 1a diabetes in Japanese | journal = Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–17 | date = January 2002 | pmid = 11755474 | doi = 10.1016/S0168-8227(01)00242-X }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ratineau C, Petry MW, Mutoh H, Leiter AB | title = Cyclin D1 represses the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, BETA2/NeuroD | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 11 | pages = 8847–8853 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11788592 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110747200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Westerman BA, Poutsma A, Maruyama K, Schrijnemakers HF, van Wijk IJ, Oudejans CB | title = The proneural genes NEUROD1 and NEUROD2 are expressed during human trophoblast invasion | journal = Mechanisms of Development | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 85–90 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11900979 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00665-7 | s2cid = 11607202 | doi-access = }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Kanatsuka A, Tokuyama Y, Nozaki O, Matsui K, Egashira T | title = Beta-cell dysfunction in late-onset diabetic subjects carrying homozygous mutation in transcription factors NeuroD1 and Pax4 | journal = Metabolism | volume = 51 | issue = 9 | pages = 1161–1165 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12200761 | doi = 10.1053/meta.2002.34707 }} {{refend}}
== External links == * {{MeshName|NEUROD1+protein,+human}}
{{NLM content}} {{Transcription factors|g1}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neurod1}} Category:Transcription factors Category:Human proteins Category:Long stubs with short prose
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