{{distinguish|text=Neu-Cölln, the historical district of Cölln and Berlin}} {{About|the administrative borough of Berlin|the borough's quarter|Neukölln (locality)|the constituency|Berlin-Neukölln (electoral district)|the railway and U-Bahn station|Berlin-Neukölln station}} {{Short description|Borough of Berlin, Germany}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}} {{Infobox German location |borough = |image_caption = |year = |name = Neukölln |name_local = |image_photo = |type = Borough |City = Berlin |image_flag = Flagge Bezirk Neukölln.svg |image_coa = Coat of arms of borough Neukoelln.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|29|N|13|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Berlin |district = |divisions = 5 quarters |Bürgermeistertitel = Borough Mayor |mayor = Martin Hikel |party = SPD |elevation = |area = 44.93 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=1108}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = |licence = B |plantext = Location of Neukölln in Berlin |image_plan = Berlin Bezirk Neukölln (labeled).svg |website = [http://www.berlin.de/ba-neukoelln/index.html Official homepage] }} '''Neukölln'''<ref>Translated "New Cölln", and etymologically "new colony" from lat. ''colonia''; ''see'' Etymology of Neukölln.</ref> ({{IPA|de|nɔʏˈkœln|lang|De-Neukölln.ogg}}; officially abbreviated '''Neuk'''), is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is located south-east of Berlin's center and stretches from the inner city southward to the border with Brandenburg, encompassing the eponymous quarter of Neukölln in the north, and the southern quarters of Britz, Gropiusstadt, Buckow and Rudow.
The borough was constituted in 1920, when the Greater Berlin Act came into effect. After World War II, Neukölln was part of the American sector during the Allied occupation of the city, and of West Berlin from 1949 until German reunification in 1990. Since the late 1950s, it has been characterised by one of the highest shares of immigrant residents in Berlin, especially in its urbanized and industrialized northern regions. An influx of students and artists since the mid-2000s has led to gentrification.<ref name=gent/>
== History == {{See also|History of Neukölln}}
Since the borough Neukölln is only an administrative district, its history is shaped and overshadowed by the long and varied histories of its constituent quarters Neukölln, Britz, Gropiusstadt, Buckow and Rudow, which reflect the region's and city's changing political and cultural landscape. With the exception of Gropiusstadt, the villages that eventually became the quarters of Neukölln were all founded between the beginning of the 13th century and the latter half of the 14th century, long before Berlin's boroughs were created.
In the early 20th century, the newly forming modern societies and infrastructures of Berlin and its periphery had begun to create problems and threatened to thwart further development, because the disparity between the different communities, which naturally aimed to expand beyond the old municipal boundaries, now created cross-border administrative conflicts and gridlock. Therefore, the Greater Berlin Act was passed by the Prussian parliament in the spring of 1920. Neukölln was constituted on 1 October 1920 as the 14th borough of Greater Berlin by merging the city of Neukölln and the southern municipalities of Britz, Buckow and Rudow. It received its name from Neukölln (formerly Rixdorf), a free and independent city before the merger, and now the borough's northernmost quarter. The new borough extended from the lower east side of Berlin's inner city all the way to the southern border with Brandenburg. The first election of Neukölln's new assembly of borough representatives (''Bezirksverordnetenversammlung'', BVV) was held on 20 June 1920, but had to be repeated on 16 October 1921. Neukölln's first borough mayor was Alfred Scholz (SPD), who had transitioned from his office as city mayor of Neukölln.
During the Weimar Republic, urbanization slowly expanded from the northern and mainly industrialized quarters to the borough's more rural areas south of the Teltow Canal. The first state election, in which Berlin's new constituents of Neukölln were allowed to vote, was held on 25 October 1925. Neukölln reached its largest pre-war population with 313,790 residents in 1932. After World War II, Neukölln underwent rebuilding and significant transformations as a result of the city's division by the Berlin Wall. After the withdrawal of the occupying Soviet forces, the borough was part of the American sector from 1945 to 1949, and then of West Berlin. The borough became one of the important centers of the city's industry, trade and commerce, especially in the northern quarters of Neukölln and Britz, while the southern parts of the borough mostly became a place for residential areas, characterized by a larger number of family homes and middle-class households.
On 13 May 1954, Berlin passed legislation which allowed its boroughs to carry official heraldic emblems. For Neukölln, Rixdorf's historical coat of arms was slightly altered and approved by Neukölln's district office and representative assembly by 12 March 1956. It was admitted by the city of Berlin in April 1956 and awarded to the whole borough of Neukölln on 16 May 1956.
Following the pre-war new objective constructions (''Neues Bauen'') like Britz' Hufeisensiedlung, post-war Neukölln experienced a boom of social district redevelopment and new modernist construction in many places. From 1966 to 1975, the Gropiusstadt, a suburban satellite housing estate (''Trabantenstadt'') designed by architect Walter Gropius, was constructed in Britz, Rudow and mainly Buckow. In the northern quarter of Neukölln, smaller-scale redevelopments were initiated in the Rollberg neighborhood, while modern construction projects created the new neighborhoods Weiße Siedlung and High-Deck-Siedlung. Many of these new residential areas became a home for Neukölln's new immigrant population.
In 1985, Neukölln constructed the ''Britzer Garten'' for the biennial ''Bundesgartenschau'', which was hosted by Berlin. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Neukölln's southern quarters, especially Rudow, experienced a significant increase in transit traffic due to the borough's proximity to suburban residential construction projects in Brandenburg, the Berlin Schönefeld Airport, now Berlin Brandenburg Airport, and the autobahn A 113. As part of Berlin's administrative reform, Neukölln was reorganized as the 8th borough of Berlin on 1 January 2001. Gropiusstadt, originally just a large suburban housing estate in the borough's south, was declared an official quarter and joined the borough a year later, which split the Buckow quarter in half. In 2010, the Museum Neukölln moved from its old location in the quarter Neukölln to Schloss Britz.
Since the mid-2000s, the northern quarter of Neukölln has entered a sustained process of gentrification, and the continuing growth of the quarter's urbanized and gentrified sphere is now slowly pushing the traditional northern demographics with their higher share of immigrants and lower-income citizenry southward, for example into Britz' Hufeisensiedlung and some city blocks north of Blaschkoallee.
==Locality subdivisions== {{multiple image|total_width=400 | image1 = Berlin Hufeisensiedlung UAV 04-2017.jpg|caption1=Hufeisensiedlung, 2017 | image2 = IBritzer Garten denis apel.JPG|caption2=Britzer Garten in Neukölln's South }} Neukölln is subdivided into five official quarters:
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Quarter<br /> !Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<br /> !Inhabitants<br /> !Density<br />(Inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>)<br /> |- | 0801 Neukölln<br /> | style="text-align:center;"| 11.71 | style="text-align:center;"| 155,950 | style="text-align:center;"| 13,318 |- | 0802 Britz<br /> | style="text-align:center;"| 12.40 | style="text-align:center;"| 39,029 | style="text-align:center;"| 3,148 |- | 0803 Buckow<br /> | style="text-align:center;"| 6.35 | style="text-align:center;"| 38,219 | style="text-align:center;"| 6,019 |- | 0804 Rudow<br /> | style="text-align:center;"| 11.81 | style="text-align:center;"| 40,733 | style="text-align:center;"| 3,449 |- | 0805 Gropiusstadt<br /> | style="text-align:center;"| 2.67 | style="text-align:center;"| 35,751 | style="text-align:center;"| 13,390 |}
Subdivisions of Neukölln
==Public transport== [[File:S-Bahn U-Bahn Berlin Neukölln.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Berlin-Neukölln station]] [[File:Berlin-Neukölln-district court.JPG|thumb|200px|left|County-Court Building of Neukölln, near the Rathaus Neukölln U-Bahn station]] thumb|left|200px|Hermannplatz
Neukölln is served by three operational sections of urban rail.
*U7: Rathaus Spandau ↔ Rudow (running northwest–southeast) *U8: Wittenau ↔ Hermannstraße (running north–south)
Part of each of the following S-Bahn routes share an east–west-running section of Ringbahn track through Neukölln:
*S41<ref name=s41>[http://www.s-bahn-berlin.de/fahrplanundnetz/linie/S41/5 S41 "Bahnhofs- und Linieninformationssystem" s-bahn-berlin.de accessed 19 March 2018]</ref>/S42:<ref name=s42>[http://www.s-bahn-berlin.de/fahrplanundnetz/linie/S42/6 S42 "Bahnhofs- und Linieninformationssystem" s-bahn-berlin.de accessed 19 March 2018]</ref> Südkreuz → Gesundbrunnen → Südkreuz (clockwise ↔ anti clockwise circular) *S45:<ref name=s45>[http://www.s-bahn-berlin.de/fahrplanundnetz/linie/S45/17 S45 "Bahnhofs- und Linieninformationssystem" s-bahn-berlin.de accessed 91 march 2018]</ref> Südkreuz ↔ Berlin Schönefeld Flughafen (only from Monday till Friday). An extension of the S45 is projected to run beyond the current terminus at Schönefeld Airport to the under construction Berlin Brandenburg Airport.<ref>[http://www.travelweekly.com/Europe-Travel/Insights/2020-vision-for-Berlins-long-overdue-Brandenburg-Airport "2020 vision for Berlin's long-overdue Brandenburg Airport" Travel weekly, 9 January 2018]</ref> *S46:<ref name=s46>[http://www.s-bahn-berlin.de/fahrplanundnetz/linie/S46/7 S45 "Bahnhofs- und Linieninformationssystem" s-bahn-berlin.de accessed 19 March 2018]</ref> Westend ↔ Königs Wusterhausen *S47:<ref name=S47>[http://www.s-bahn-berlin.de/fahrplanundnetz/linie/S47/9 S47 "Bahnhofs- und Linieninformationssystem" s-bahn-berlin.de accessed 19 March 2018]</ref> Spindlersfeld ↔ Hermannstraße
Among the numerous rail stations in Neukölln three act as interchanges:
* Hermannplatz - U7 / U8 * Hermannstraße - U8 / S-Bahn * Berlin-Neukölln - U7 / S-bahn
==Demographics== As of 2010, the borough had a population of 310,283, of whom 121,000 (38.9%) were of non-German ethnicity. The percentage is significantly higher in the locality of the same name, Neukölln.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Publikationen/Stat_Berichte/2011/SB_A1-5_hj02-10_BE.pdf|title = Seite wird geladen}}</ref> The borough is known for its large Turkish, Arab and Kurdish communities, which together make up roughly 18% of the borough's population. Recently,{{when|date=November 2017}} there has been an influx of Romani people and Sub-Saharan Africans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/die-welt/politik/article9920445/Die-Roma-von-Berlin-Neukoelln.html|title = Die Roma von Berlin-Neukölln|newspaper = Die Welt|date = 28 September 2010|last1 = Peters|first1 = Freia}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe6" !colspan=2| Population by migration background<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Publikationen/Stat_Berichte/201gnm1/SB_A1-5_hj02-10_BE.pdf |title=Seite wird geladen |website=www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830220409/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Publikationen/Stat_Berichte/201gnm1/SB_A1-5_hj02-10_BE.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | class="hintergrundfarbe5" | Ethnic Germans || class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:right;"| 60% (189,000) |- | Middle Eastern origin || style="text-align:right;"| 18% (55,000) |- | non-German European origin || style="text-align:right;"| 11% (33,000) |- | Afro-Germans || style="text-align:right;"| 4% (12,400) |- | Others (East Asians, Americans, etc.) || style="text-align:right;"| 6.5% (21,000) |}
===Gentrification=== A trend is the rapid gentrification of certain neighbourhoods within the borough. There has been an influx of students, creatives and other young professionals of mostly Western origin avoiding higher rents which are charged in other parts of Berlin. This has caused a knock-on effect, with rents rising in some parts of Neukölln.<ref name=gent>{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/neukoelln-nasties-foreigners-feel-accused-in-berlin-gentrification-row-a-750297.html|title = Neukölln Nasties: Foreigners Feel Accused in Berlin Gentrification Row|newspaper = Der Spiegel|date = 11 March 2011|last1 = Mendoza|first1 = Moises}}</ref> Northern Neukölln, just to the south of the Kreuzberg area, has become informally referred to as "Kreuzkölln" as the area becomes increasingly fashionable.<ref name=tages>[https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/namen-fuer-berliner-kieze-sagt-endlich-kreuzkoelln/13422316.html "Sagt endlich Kreuzkölln!" 12 April 2016 Der Tagesspiegel]</ref>
==Politics== ===District council=== The governing body of Neukölln is the district council (''Bezirksverordnetenversammlung''). It has responsibility for passing laws and electing the city government, including the mayor. The most recent district council election was held on 26 September 2021, and the results were as follows:
{{election table}} ! colspan=2| Party ! Lead candidate ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- |- | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | align=left| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | align=left| Martin Hikel | 41,104 | 28.7 | {{decrease}} 1.7 | 18 | {{decrease}} 1 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| | align=left| Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | align=left| Susann Worschech | 25,238 | 17.6 | {{increase}} 2.7 | 11 | {{increase}} 2 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| | align=left| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | align=left| Falko Liecke | 24,191 | 16.9 | {{increase}} 0.6 | 10 | ±0 |- | bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| | align=left| The Left (LINKE) | align=left| Sarah Nagel | 21,525 | 15.0 | {{increase}} 2.8 | 9 | {{increase}} 2 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| | align=left| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | align=left| Julian Potthast | 10,125 | 7.1 | {{decrease}} 5.7 | 4 | {{decrease}} 4 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| | align=left| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | align=left| Roland Leppek | 6,971 | 4.9 | {{increase}} 0.6 | 3 | {{increase}} 1 |- | colspan=8 bgcolor=lightgrey| |- | bgcolor={{party color|Human Environment Animal Protection}}| | align=left| Tierschutzpartei | align=left| | 4,101 | 2.9 | {{increase}} 0.7 | 0 | ±0 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}| | align=left| Die PARTEI | align=left| | 2,909 | 2.0 | {{decrease}} 0.4 | 0 | ±0 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany}}| | align=left| dieBasis | align=left| | 1,787 | 1.2 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor={{party color|Klimaliste}}| | align=left| Klimaliste | align=left| | 1,451 | 1.0 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor={{party color|Volt Germany}}| | align=left| Volt Germany | align=left| | 1,431 | 1.0 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor={{party color|Free Voters}}| | align=left| Free Voters | align=left| | 1,061 | 0.7 | New | 0 | New |- | | align=left| We are Berlin | align=left| | 843 | 0.6 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor={{party color|Ecological Democratic Party}}| | align=left| Ecological Democratic Party | align=left| | 235 | 0.2 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor={{party color|Liberal Conservative Reformers}}| | align=left| Liberal Conservative Reformers | align=left| | 192 | 0.1 | New | 0 | New |- ! colspan=3| Valid votes ! 143,164 ! 98.9 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=3| Invalid votes ! 1,655 ! 1.1 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=3| Total ! 144,819 ! 100.0 ! ! 55 ! ±0 |- ! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout ! 225,767 ! 64.1 ! {{increase}} 6.5 ! ! |- | colspan=8| Source: [https://www.wahlen-berlin.de/wahlen/BE2021/AFSPRAES/bvv/ergebnisse_bezirk_08.html Elections Berlin] |}
===District government=== The district mayor (''Bezirksbürgermeister'') is elected by the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, and positions in the district government (Bezirksamt) are apportioned based on party strength. Martin Hikel of the SPD was elected mayor on 21 March 2018. Since the 2021 municipal elections, the composition of the district government is as follows:
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" ! Councillor ! colspan=2| Party ! Portfolio |- | Martin Hikel | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | SPD | District Mayor<br />Civil Service and Logistics |- | Jochen Biedermann | bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| | GRÜNE | Deputy Mayor<br />Urban Development, Environment and Traffic |- | Falko Liecke | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| | CDU | Social Affairs |- | Karin Korte | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | SPD | Education, Culture and Sport |- | Mirjam Blumenthal | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | SPD | Youth and Health |- | Sarah Nagel | bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| | LINKE | Public Order |- | colspan=4 align=right| Source: [https://www.berlin.de/ba-neukoelln/politik-und-verwaltung/bezirksamt/ Berlin.de] |}
==Notable people== thumb|150px|Leo Arons around 1901 thumb|200px|Memorial plate Ursula Goetze (1987) thumb|150px|Alexander Hacke performing on 5 May 2007 *Robin Alexander (born 1975), journalist *Edgar Froese (1944–2015), musician, founder of the electronic music group Tangerine Dream *Leo Arons (1860–1919), physicist, social democrat and supporter of the trade union movement *Sebastian Blomberg (born 1972), actor *Horst Buchholz (1933–2003), actor *Heinz Buschkowsky (born 1948), politician (SPD), former district mayor of Neukölln *Bushido (born 1978), rapper *Christiane F. (born 1962), subject of the book ''Zoo Station: The Story of Christiane F.'' *Ursula Goetze, anti-Nazi activist (1916–1943) *Alexander Hacke, musician, born 1965 in Neukölln *Kirsten Heisig (1961–2010), juvenile magistrate in Neukölln, created the ''Neuköllner Modell'', applying rapid intervention procedures to deal with juvenile offenders before they embarked on a criminal lifestyle *Kurt Krömer (born 1974), presenter, actor and entertainer *Jutta Limbach (1934–2016), legal academic *Will Meisel (1897–1967), composer and publisher *Inge Meysel (1910–2004), actress *Gunnar Möller (1928–2017), actor *Mady Rahl (1915–2009), actress *Palina Rojinski (born 1985), actress *Antonio Rüdiger (born 1993), footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/forza-roma/antonio-rudiger-this-is-the-story-of-my-life-a733366bfab3|title=Antonio Rudiger: This is the story of my life|last=Roma|first=A. S.|date=2016-06-09|website=forza roma|access-date=2017-07-17}}</ref> *Werner Seelenbinder (1904–1944), wrestler, politician (KPD) and resistance fighter *Katharina Szelinski-Singer (1918–2010), sculptor *Elsa Thiemann (1910–1981), Bauhaus educated photographer, who took many photographs of Neukölln where she lived *Nora Tschirner (born 1981), actress *Lotte Ulbricht (1903–2002), wife of East German leader Walter Ulbricht *Emil Wutzky (1871–1963), trade unionist and local politician (SPD) *Engelbert Zaschka (1895–1955), inventor and helicopter pioneer *Alice Phoebe Lou (born 1993), a South African singer-songwriter
==In popular culture== {{more citations needed section|date=June 2014}} *"Neuköln" (deliberately spelt with one 'l') is an instrumental piece by David Bowie, the ninth track on his 1977 album ''"Heroes"''. *The last track of Miss Kittin's first solo album ''I Com'' is called "Neukölln 2". *The German film Knallhart is set in the northern part of Neukölln. *The German documentary ''Neukölln Unlimited'' tells the story of three Lebanese teenagers based in Neukölln, who fight their deportation out of Germany. *Electronic music producer Kobosil is a native of the city. With a Bachelor of Arts in audio production, he has released music on the Ostgut Ton and MDT labels.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kobosil|url=http://www.residentadvisor.net/dj/kobosil/biography|website=Resident Advisor|publisher=Resident Advisor Ltd|access-date=4 June 2014|year=2014}}</ref> *The series 4 Blocks is set in Neukölln and Kreuzberg. *The sixth leg of ''The Amazing Race 32'' had its Pit Stop in Neukölln.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvgrapevine.com/2020/11/the-amazing-race-recap-for-11-18-2020-double-legs/|title=The Amazing Race Recap for 11/18/2020: Double Legs|work=TV Grapevive|first=Sammi|last=Turano|date=November 18, 2020|access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref>
==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Neukölln is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Neuköllner Städtepartnerschaften|url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-neukoelln/politik-und-verwaltung/beauftragte/partnerstaedte/|website=berlin.de|date=10 November 2020|publisher=Berlin|language=de|access-date=2021-02-08}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *{{flagicon|BEL}} Anderlecht, Belgium (1955) *{{flagicon|ISR}} Bat Yam, Israel (1978) *{{flagicon|FRA}} Boulogne-Billancourt, France (1955) *{{flagicon|TUR}} Çiğli (İzmir), Turkey (2005) *{{flagicon|GER}} Cologne, Germany (1967) *{{flagicon|ENG}} Hammersmith and Fulham (London), England, United Kingdom (1955) *{{flagicon|GER}} Leonberg, Germany (1970) *{{flagicon|ITA}} Marino, Italy (1980) *{{flagicon|RUS}} Pavlovsk (Saint Petersburg), Russia (1991) *{{flagicon|CZE}} Prague 5 (Prague), Czech Republic (2005) *{{flagicon|RUS}} Pushkin (Saint Petersburg), Russia (1991) *{{flagicon|CZE}} Ústí nad Orlicí, Czech Republic (1989) *{{flagicon|GER}} Wetzlar, Germany (1959) *{{flagicon|NED}} Zaanstad, Netherlands (1955) {{div col end}}
==Gallery== <gallery widths="150"> Berlin neukoelln county-court 20050228 p1010186.jpg|County Court Berlin Neukoelln Rathaus asv2021-03 img1.jpg|City hall Skulptur Karl-Marx-Str 83 (Neukö) Buddy Bär.jpg|Buddy Bear Neukölln in front of the City hall Landwehrkanal 2005-06-24.jpg|Landwehrkanal Bundesarchiv Bild 183-C0104-0010-001, Berlin, Grenzübergang Sonnenallee, West-Berliner Besucher.jpg|Border crossing at Sonnenallee, 1964 Stadtbad B-Neukoelln 07-2014.jpg|Stadtbad Neukölln </gallery>
==See also== {{Portal|Germany}} *Berlin-Neukölln (electoral district) *Hermannplatz *Hermannstraße (Berlin-Neukölln)
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikivoyage}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.neukoelln-online.de/ Official homepage] *{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20181127042251/http://www.neukoelln.tv/ WebTV from Berlin, Neukoelln]
{{Boroughs of Berlin}} {{Former Boroughs of Berlin}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neukolln}} Category:Neukölln Category:Districts of Berlin Category:Ethnic enclaves in Germany Category:Former boroughs of Berlin Category:Boroughs of West Berlin