{{Short description|Tribe of orchids}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Neottia nidus-avis 1.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Neottia nidus-avis]]'' | taxon = Neottieae | authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]] (1826) Orchid. Select. 7, 9 (1826) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision_ref = <ref name="ChaseCameron2015"/> | subdivision = * ''[[Aphyllorchis]]'' * ''[[Cephalanthera]]'' * ''[[Epipactis]]'' * ''[[Limodorum]]'' * ''[[Neottia]]'' * ''[[Palmorchis]]'' | synonyms = * Listerinae Lindl. ex [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]] (1842) Pl. Vasc. Gen., tab diagm., 385 (1842) * Limordorinae Benth., (1881) J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 18, 288 (1881) * Palmorchideae Dressler, (1979) Selbyana, 5, 205 (1979) }}
'''Neottieae''' is an orchid tribe in the subfamily [[Epidendroideae]]. It contains six genera and over 200 species distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere.<ref name=Chase2015>{{cite journal |last1=Chase |first1=M.W. |last2=Cameron |first2=K.M. |last3=Freudenstein |first3=J.V. |last4=Pridgeon |first4=A.M. |last5=Salazar |first5=G. |last6=Van Den Berg |first6=C. |last7=Schuiteman |first7=A. |title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2015 |volume=177 |issue=2 |pages=151–174 |doi=10.1111/boj.12234|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=molecular /> All its members are terrestrial plants, hinting at an early branching with Epidendroideae which is largely an epiphytic group.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atwood |first1=J.T. |title=The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids |journal=Selbyana |date=1986 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=171–186 |url=https://journals.flvc.org/selbyana/article/view/120807}}</ref> Neottieae is likely to be the result of a single temperate radiation of epidendroids, although it appears that some lineages in this tribe have crept back into the tropics.<ref name=phylo>{{cite journal |last1=Freudenstein |first1=John V. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |title=Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification |journal=Annals of Botany |date=March 2015 |volume=115 |issue=4 |pages=665–681 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcu253| pmc=4343289|doi-access=free |pmid=25578379 }}</ref>
The genus ''[[Thaia (plant)|Thaia]]'' had been tentatively included in this tribe, but is now placed in the tribe [[Thaieae]].<ref name="ChaseCameron2015"/> Palmorchis is sister to the other genera and was moved here from '''Palmorchideae''' based on molecular evidence. It is the only group in this tribe that occurs in Central and South America and is morphologically isolated.<ref name=molecular />
== Etymology == The name of this tribe was taken from one of its genera: ''[[Neottia]]'' <small>Guett. (1754)</small>. This name refers to the particular shape of the tangled mass of roots of plants in this genus, forming what looks like a bird's “nest”. In Greek "neottia" means "nest".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alrich |first1=Peggy |last2=Higgins |first2=Wesley |title=Neottia: A Widespread Northern Genus |journal=AOS |issue=April 2016 |page=257 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324871447 |access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> The name ''Neottia'' was introduced in the botanical nomenclature by the French naturalist and geologist Jean-Étienne Guettard (1715 - 1786) in 1754; while the name for the tribe was proposed by the English botanist [[John Lindley]] (1799 - 1865) in the publication "Orchidearum Sceletos" of 1826.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neottieae Lindl. |url=http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50169877 |website=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref>
== Description == Plants of this tribe are terrestrial orchids with approximately 85 temperate species.<ref name=phylo /> In addition, some of these plants are [[mycoheterotrophic]], i.e. no longer reliant on chlorophyll (genus [[Neottia]] and [[Limodorum]]). Mycoheterotrophy is common and has independently evolved at least three times in this group.<ref name=molecular>{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Ting |last2=Jin |first2=Xiao-Hua |title=Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) |journal=PhytoKeys |date=2018 |issue=94 |pages=39–49 |pmid=29416419 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322766746 |access-date=2 May 2021|doi-access=free |pmc=5799734 |bibcode=2018PhytK..94...39Z }}</ref>
The height varies from a few centimeters up to about 100 cm (genus [[Epipactis]]). The prevalent biological form of the tribe is [[Raunkiær plant life-form|rhizome geophyte]], they are herbaceous perennials with underground buds. The temperate species remain dormant underground when conditions are too cold.
== See also == * [[Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae]]
== References == {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ChaseCameron2015">{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=0024-4074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234|doi-access=free}}</ref>
}} * Content in this page translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [[:it:Neottieae]].
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[[Category:Neottieae| ]] [[Category:Epidendroideae tribes]]
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