{{Short description|Superfamily of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |taxon = Neomphaloidea |image = Three populations of Chrysomallon squamiferum.jpg |image_caption = ''Chrysomallon squamiferum'' |authority = McLean, 1981<ref name="McLean 1981">McLean J. H. (8 December 1981). "The Galapagos rift limpet ''Neomphalus'': relevance to understanding the evolution of a major paleozoic-mesozoic radiation". ''Malacologia'' [https://archive.org/details/malacologia211981inst '''21'''(1-2)]: [https://archive.org/stream/malacologia211981inst#page/290/mode/2up 291]-336.</ref> |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = |subdivision_ranks = Families |subdivision = * Melanodrymiidae * Neomphalidae * Peltospiridae |diversity_ref = <!--about 50 species <ref name="Chen 2015">{{cite journal |author1=Chen C. |author2=Linse K. |author3=Copley J. T. |author4=Rogers A.D. |title=The ‘scaly-foot gastropod’: a new genus and species of hydrothermal vent-endemic gastropod (Neomphalina: Peltospiridae) from the Indian Ocean |journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies |year=2015 |doi=10.1093/mollus/eyv013 |volume=81 |pages=322–334}}</ref>--> |diversity = 48 extant species |display_parents = 3 }}
'''Neomphaloidea''' is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order '''Neomphalida'''.
The order Neomphalida has the largest ''in situ'' radiation in hydrothermal vent habitats. '''Neomphalida''' is a major taxonomic grouping of sea snails, vent-endemic marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the Palaeozoic era.
==2005 taxonomy== The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade Vetigastropoda. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade Vetigastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>
==2010 taxonomy== Molecular phylogeny showed that Neomphaloidea belongs in its own order, the '''Neomphalida''', and that this clade is basal to the Vetigastropoda.<ref>Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. (1997). ''Zool. J. Linn. Soc.'' '''119''': 83–265.</ref> The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.<ref>McArthur A. G. & Koop B. F. (1999). ''Molecular Phylogenet. Evol.'' '''13''': 255–274.</ref><ref name="Aktipis" />
==Description== The anatomical characteristics of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the '''Neomphalida'''. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.<ref name="Aktipis">[https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/130715/mod_resource/content/1/Aktipis%20%20Giribet,%202010.%20A%20phylogeny%20of%20Vetigastropoda%20and%20other%20archaeogastropods,%20re-organizing%20%20old%20gastropod%20clades.pdf Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' '''129'''(3): 220-240] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225064941/https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/130715/mod_resource/content/1/Aktipis%20%20Giribet,%202010.%20A%20phylogeny%20of%20Vetigastropoda%20and%20other%20archaeogastropods,%20re-organizing%20%20old%20gastropod%20clades.pdf |date=2018-02-25 }} {{doi|10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x}}.</ref>
== Families == Families within the Neomphaloidea include: * Melanodrymiidae <small>Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995</small><ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * Neomphalidae <small>McLean, 1981</small><ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * Peltospiridae <small>McLean, 1989</small><ref name="Bouchet 2005"/>
A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family: * ''Helicrenion'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1993</small><ref>Bouchet, P. (2016). ''Helicrenion'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536900 on 2017-05-26</ref> * ''Retiskenea'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 2001</small><ref>Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26</ref>
;Synonyms: * Cyathermiidae <small>J. H. McLean, 1990</small>: synonym of Neomphalidae <small>J. H. McLean, 1981</small>
==See also== The other superfamily of hydrothermal vent limpets is the Lepetodriloidea.
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wxh_thTHZXMC&pg=PA185 Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', Nature] * [http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2008/v1/f/v001p119.pdf Thomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913]
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Category:Neomphaloidea Category:Gastropod superfamilies Category:Vetigastropoda Category:Marine gastropods Category:Taxa named by James Hamilton McLean