Naval Base Lingayen

{{short description|Former Major United States Navy Base in Philippines}} {{Infobox military installation | name = Naval Base Lingayen | ensign = | ensign_size = | native_name = | partof =  | location = Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, Philippines | nearest_town =  | country = | image = The Lingayen Assault 9-11 January 1945 - Map.jpg | alt = | caption = Lingayen Gulf with landing spots January 1945 | image2 =  | alt2 = | caption2 = | type = Naval base | coordinates = {{coord|16|17|N|120|12|E|display=inline,title}} | gridref = | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | ownership =  | operator = {{flag|United States Navy}}  | controlledby =  | open_to_public =  | site_other_label =  | site_other =  | site_area =  | code =  | built = {{Start date|1945}} | used =  | builder = | materials = | height =  | length =  | fate =  | condition = | battles = | events = | current_commander =  | past_commanders =  | garrison =  | occupants =  | designations = | website = | footnotes =  }} {{Campaignbox Pacific War}} thumb|right|Seabees unloading ships at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon in January 1945 [[file:LST-917 Lingayen Gulf January 1945.jpg|thumb|LST-917 and other LST ships unloading at Lingayen Gulf January 1945]] [[File:LingayenLuzonlanding.jpg|thumb|right|Lingayen Gulf January 1945 with beach runway, Lingayen Airfield]] thumb|Navy Seabee bulldozer working on the invasion of Lingayen Gulf thumb|right|Map 1945 with China, Japan, and the Philippines, with South Pacific War sites '''Naval Base Lingayen''' was a United States Navy base built during World War II at Lingayen Gulf on the northwestern Island of Luzon in the Philippines. The base was founded after the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf on January 9, 1945, at Lingayen city and the surrounding gulf. The Naval base was used to support the later operations at Manila and the rest of Luzon Island and then at Okinawa. Lingayen Gulf offered excellent fleet anchorage.<ref>[https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_lingayen_gulf.html Lingayen Gulf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707114726/https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_lingayen_gulf.html |date=2022-07-07 }}''pacificwrecks.com''</ref>

==History== US Navy Seabee pontoon battalion landed with the troops at Lingayen on January 9, 1945. The Seabee task was building pontoon piers out into Lingayen Gulf so the massive about of supplies needed for the invasion could be unloaded quickly. Over 90% of the invasion supplies were unloaded on the pontoon piers.<ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/Online%20Reading%20Room/Manuals%20and%20Publications/Publications/seabeenewsservice/Issue%2060%2020%20Feb%201945.pdf Seabee News Issue 60, 20 Feb. 1945]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080505031708/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P2/ch15.htm US Army Philippines]</ref> Seabee built a Naval Base Headquarters at the city of San Fernando on the north east side of Lingayen Gulf. A supply depot was built at Lingayen, US Navy Advance Base 6. The US Army had its Headquarters at San Fernando also, called Base M. The Army had a number of camps around Lingayen Gulf.<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/NHC/bases/bases-29.htm US Navy Bases, San Fernando]</ref><ref>[https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_lingayen.html Lingayen beach]''pacificwrecks.com''</ref><ref>[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/BBBO/BBBO-22.html HyperWar: Beans, Bullet and Black Oil, Chapter 22]</ref>

==Bases and facilities== *San Fernando, La Union Naval section base, Harbor HQ, Base HQ **Radar station **Naval hospital **Fleet anchorage **Fleet Post office 3960 SF **Boat pool (to get to ships and other Lingayen Gulf facilities) **Look out tower **Base camp <br> Lingayen Gulf: *Pier *Supply depot, Army and Navy<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000123202743/http://www.qmmuseum.lee.army.mil/wwII/htd.htm US Army, Red Ball Express, by Major James B. Deerin, Q.M.C.]</ref> *Seabee Camp *Seabee depot *Seabee sawmill *Coral quarry *Camp, barracks and mess hall *Power plant *Ammunition depot *Aviation gasoline Tank farm *USS Quapaw (ATF-110) tug *USS Piedmont (AD-17) destroyer tender *USS Agawam (AOG-6) Gas tanker *USS Severn (AO-61) Fleet oiler *USS Thuban (AKA-19) Stores Ship

==PT Boat Sual Bay== A large PT boat Base was built at Sual Bay's port of Sual at Sual at {{coord|16.078|120.102|display=inline}}. Motor torpedo boat tender USS Wachapreague (AGP-8) help keep the boat supplied and running.

==Airfields== *Lingayen Airfield at the Lingayen beach, (6th Army) now Lingayen Airport. *San Fernando Airfield near Naval Base Headquarters at San Fernando, now San Fernando Airport. *Mangaldan Airfield US Marines, near Port of Lingayen, abandoned after war. *Rosales Airfield inland Airfield, now Rosales Airport.

===Seaplane Base Lingayen=== Seaplane base was built in Cabalitan Bay at Cabalitan Island at {{coord|16.111|120.120||display=inline}} The seaplane were served by the seaplane tenders: USS Barataria (AVP-33) and USS Currituck (AV-7). Later the Seaplane base was moved to Sual Bay. The US Navy's VPB-71, Patrol Bombing Squadron 71, operated Consolidated PBY Catalina type PBY-5A, called "Black Cat" out of the seaplane bases. On February 28, 1945, VP-28 arrived operating Martin PBM Mariners. The Black Cat and Martin PBM, did antisubmarine patrols and attacked Empire of Japan shipping in the South China Sea. The USS Tangier (AV-8) took over the seaplane tender duties on March 13. US Navy Seabees built seaplane ramps and bases both at Sual Bay and Cabalitan Island.<ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/b/barataria-ii.html US Navy USS Barataria]</ref>

==Seabee units== {{main|Seabees in World War II}} *115th Construction Battalion<ref>Seabees 115th Battalion World War II Memory Book NCB 115</ref> *102nd Construction Battalion<ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/102%20NCB.pdf US Navy 102nd Construction Battalion]</ref> *1st Special Naval Construction Battalion, Sept. 1945 only<ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/SPECIALS/01%20SNCB.pdf US Navy 1st Special Naval Construction Battalion]</ref> *Naval Construction Maintenance Unit 606 <ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/CBMU/CBMU%20606.pdf Naval Construction Maintenance Unit 606]</ref> *Seabee Pontoon battalion

[[File:Lingayen33qjf.JPG|right|thumb|World War II Memorial Ground Site, Town Park & Capitol Grounds (Lingayen, Pangasinan).]]

==Loses== {{main|Invasion of Lingayen Gulf|Bataan Death March}} The invasion of Lingayen Gulf was costly for the US Navy, from December 14, 1944, to January 13, 1945, 24 ships were sunk and 67 were damaged by kamikaze attack planes. In the attacks, 746 seamen were killed and 1,365 wounded. Most of the ships were with the United States Third Fleet and United States Seventh Fleet, Task Group 77.2. Many of the ships had come from Naval Base Ulithi staging.<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |title=Triumph in the Philippines |last=Smith |first=Robert Ross |year=1993 |publisher=United States Army |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-1-4102-2495-8 |pages=60, 62, 66 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-10-1/CMH_Pub_5-10-1.pdf |access-date=29 May 2011 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224133053/https://www.history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-10-1/CMH_Pub_5-10-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A few ships were damaged in Lingayen Gulf by small maru-ni boats, that had depth charges. LST-925 and LST-1028 were damaged by a maru-ni boats (US calling them torpedo boats at the time) from Sual. The USS Philip (DD-498), USS Robinson (DD-562) and USS Leutze were able to stop maru-ni boats before they attacked, 45 maru-ni boats were lost in total.<ref>[https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2019/12/04/japanese-explosive-motorboats-ii/ JAPANESE EXPLOSIVE MOTORBOATS I]''weaponsandwarfare.com''</ref><ref>[https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2019/12/04/japanese-explosive-motorboats-ii/ JAPANESE EXPLOSIVE MOTORBOATS II]''weaponsandwarfare.com''</ref>

Japan landed and took Lingayen on December 22, 1941. US and Filipino Troops at Lingayen, retreated to Bataan, most becoming prisoners of war and part of the Bataan Death March in April 1942.<ref name="William L. O'Neill p 115">William L. O'Neill, ''A Democracy at War: America's Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II'', p 115 {{ISBN|0-02-923678-9}}</ref>

==Post war== With two large Naval Bases on Luzon: Naval Base Manila and Naval Base Subic Bay, Naval Base Lingayen was closed after the war. *Veterans Memorial Park is a park in the city of Lingayen, Pangasinan at {{coord|16.034|120.231|display=inline}}.<ref>[https://ilovepangasinan.com/veterans-memorial-park-the-world-war-ii-memorabilia-ground-site-in-lingayen-pangasinan/ Veterans Memorial Park Lingayen]</ref> *3" Naval Gun and a Twin 40mm Anti-aircraft gun are displayed at Lingayen Capital Compound at {{coord|16.033|120.231|display=inline}}.<ref>[https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines/pangasinan/lingayen/gun-front45-wide.html 3" Naval Gun]''pacificwrecks.com''</ref><ref>[https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines/pangasinan/lingayen/40mm-gun.html Twin 40mm Anti-aircraft gun]''pacificwrecks.com''</ref> *San Fernando, La Union World War 2 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at {{coord|16.596677|120.318643|display=inline}}.

==Gallery== <gallery> File:705Sevilla, San Fernando, La Union 46.jpg|Monument to the Unknown Soldier San Fernando, La Union File:705Sevilla, San Fernando, La Union 64.jpg|Monument to the Unknown Soldier San Fernando, La Union Ph locator pangasinan lingayen.png|Map Lingayen Ph locator la union san fernando.png|Map San Fernando, La Union Philippine Island - Luzon Island - NARA - 68157043.jpg| San Fernando, La Union in 1940 Wallace Air Station, Philippines in 1988.JPEG|Wallace Air Station, Philippines Wallace Air Station, Philippines c1981.jpg|Wallace Air Station Bacsil Ridge historical marker.jpg|Bacsil Ridge historical marker A pronouncing gazetteer and geographical dictionary of the Philippine Islands, United States of America with maps, charts and illustrations (1902) (14775376721).jpg|San Fernando, La Union Harbor map Coast Guard landing barges at Lingayen Gulf crop.jpg|US Coast Guard landing barges at Lingayen Gulf USS Sarasota at Lingayen Gulf, P.I., prob. 1-8-1945.png|USS Sarasota at Lingayen Gulf in 1945.png Lingayengulfmap.png|Map Lingayen Gulf Kamikaze attacks USS Columbia (CL-56) in Lingayen Gulf on 6 January 1945 (NH 79449).jpg|Kamikaze attacks USS Columbia (CL-56) in Lingayen Gulf on 6 January 1945 USS Louisville (CA-28) is hit by a kamikaze in Lingayen Gulf on 6 January 1945 (80-G-363217).jpg|USS Louisville (CA-28) is hit by a kamikaze in Lingayen Gulf on 6 January 1945 US warships entering Lingayen Gulf 1945.jpg|{{USS|Pennsylvania|BB-38}} leading {{USS|Colorado|BB-45}} and {{USS|Louisville|CA-28}} to Lingayen. File:Cve79a.jpg|USS Ommaney Bay attacked by kamikaze 3 January 1945 File:Lingayen gulf 1945.jpg|Map Lingayen landing 1945 </gallery>

==External links== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25m0Ng0SroE&t=249s youtube Seabees of World War II] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-vCDA1Ncuo youtube Lingayen ]

== References == {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lingayen}} Category:Military installations of the Philippines Category:Former installations of the United States Navy Naval Base Lingayen Category:1945 in the Philippines Category:Military installations established in 1945