Naupactini

{{Short description|Tribe of beetles}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Fuller_rose_beetle_(Naupactus_cervinus)_(14364800677).jpg | image_caption = ''Naupactus cervinus'' | taxon = Naupactini | authority = Gistel, 1848 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}

'''Naupactini''' is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils (subfamily Entiminae). Primarily from the Neotropical realm, reaches highest genus and species diversity in South America. Their size varies from 3.5 to 35 mm long, and its colour patterns are diverse. As well many has colourful iridescent scales (bluish, greenish or golden), others show opaque scales or setae, and some are subglabrous. In habitats with sparse vegetation or trees absence, the occurrence of flightlessness and parthenogenesis is frequent.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Lanteri|first1=Analia A.|last2=Rio|first2=Maria G. Del|date=2017|title=Phylogeny of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters|journal=Systematic Entomology|language=en|volume=42|issue=2|pages=429–447|doi=10.1111/syen.12223|s2cid=90128160 |issn=1365-3113|hdl=11336/56469|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Females of Naupactini usually lay their eggs between adjoining surfaces (e.g. in litter between fallen leaves, in cracks in the soil, and in crevices of tree trunks and calices of fruits), in batches covered by an adhesive substance (Marvaldi, 1999). Their ectophytic larvae live in soil where they feed externally on the roots of their host plants (Marvaldi et al., 2002, 2014; Oberprieler et al., 2014). Although naupactine weevils are capable of eating a large range of different foods, the majority of them show at least some preference for certain plant families, especially Fabaceae (Lanteri et al., 2002). Several species are considered agricultural pests in both their native ranges and places where they have been introduced due to human activities (Lanteri et al., 2013a).

Due to being agricultural pests in many crops<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parra|first1=José R. P.|last2=Guedes|first2=Jerson C.|last3=Lanteri|first3=Analía A.|date=2002|title=Weevils Injurious for Roots of Citrus in São Paulo State, Brazil|journal=Neotropical Entomology|volume=31|issue=4|pages=561–569|doi=10.1590/S1519-566X2002000400008|issn=1519-566X|doi-access=free}}</ref> and being considered of major fitosanitary importance,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Contribuciones taxonómicas en órdenes de insectos hiperdiversos : III Reunión Anual de la Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografía y Entomología Sistemática: La Plata, Argentina|last=Argentina)|first=Red Iberoaméricana de Biogeografía Entomología Sistemática. Reunión Anual (3rd : 2006 : La Plata|others=Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge,, Lanteri, Analía Alicia,, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Ciencias. Prensas de Cincios,, Museo de La Plata., Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales., CYTED (Organization)|isbn=9789703254170|edition=1a edición|location=Mexico, D. F.|oclc=1038800932|year = 2008}}</ref> biological control with parasitic nematodes is being developed.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-01-01|title=A biological control approach to reducing Naupactus godmani (Curculionidae) populations in citrus using entomopathogenic nematodes|journal=Crop Protection|language=en|volume=115|pages=99–103|doi=10.1016/j.cropro.2018.09.017|issn=0261-2194|last1=Gulcu|first1=Baris|last2=Hodson|first2=Amanda|last3=Omaleki|first3=Vinton|last4=Ross|first4=Andrew B.|last5=Lewis|first5=Edwin E.|s2cid=92410280 |hdl=20.500.12684/2283|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>Paola Luppichini B., Andrés France I., Irina Urtubia H., Natalia Olivares P. y Fernando Rodríguez A. (2013) Manejo del Burrito de la vid, Naupactus xanthographus (Germar) y otros curculiónidos asociados a vides. Boletín INIA Nº 260. ISSN 0717-4829.</ref>

Several studies links parthenogenesis and the presence of parasitoid bacteria ''Wolbachia.'' The parasite generates thelytokous parthenogenesis but also other reproductive alterations on the host, increasing its frequency on the population, as the main way of transmission is maternal ''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rodriguero|first1=M. S.|last2=Confalonieri|first2=V. A.|last3=Guedes|first3=J. V. C.|last4=Lanteri|first4=A. A.|date=2010|title=Wolbachia infection in the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): association between thelytokous parthenogenesis and infection status|journal=Insect Molecular Biology|language=en|volume=19|issue=5|pages=631–640|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01018.x|pmid=20597993|s2cid=205307616 |issn=1365-2583}}</ref>''. Although'', Wolbachia's'' horizontal transfer amongst unrelated invertebrates species is extensive.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Progress in asexual reproduction|last=N.|first=Hughes, R.|date=2002|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0471489689|oclc=47232865}}</ref> thumb|304x304px|''Naupactus rivulosos'' eating a citrus tree's leaf.

== Genera == ''Acyphus'' – ''Alceis'' – ''Amitrus'' – ''Amphideritus'' �� ''Aptolemus'' – ''Aramigus'' – ''Artipus'' – ''Asymmathetes'' – ''Asynonychus'' – ''Atrichonotus'' – ''Brachystylodes'' – ''Briarius'' – ''Chamaelops'' – ''Corecaulus'' – ''Curiades'' – ''Cyphoides'' – ''Cyphopsis'' – ''Cyrtomon'' – ''Enoplopactus'' – ''Ericydeus'' – ''Eurymetopus'' – ''Exophthalmida'' – ''Fascaevinus'' – ''Galapaganas'' – ''Glaphyrometopus'' – ''Hadropus'' – ''Hoplopactus'' – ''Ischnomias'' – ''Lamprocyphopsis'' – ''Lamprocyphus'' – ''Lanterius'' – ''Leschenius'' – ''Litostylodes'' – ''Litostylus'' – ''Macrostylus'' – ''Megalostylodes'' – ''Megalostylus'' – ''Melanocyphus'' – ''Mendozella'' – ''Mesagroicus'' – ''Mimographus'' – ''Mionarthrus'' – ''Moropactus'' – ''Myociphus'' – ''Naupactus'' – ''Neoericydeus'' – ''Obrieniolus'' – ''Pactorrhinus'' – ''Pantomorus'' – ''Parapantomorus'' – ''Parasynonychus'' – ''Parexophthalmus'' – ''Phacepholis'' – ''Platyomus'' – ''Plectrophoroides'' – ''Priocyphopsis'' – ''Priocyphus'' – ''Protonaupactus'' – ''Rhynchuchus'' – ''Saurops'' – ''Squamodontus'' – ''Stenocyphus'' – ''Teratopactus'' – ''Tetragonomus'' – ''Thoracocyphus'' – ''Trichaptus'' – ''Trichocyphus'' – ''Trichonaupactus'' – ''Wagneriella'' – ?†''Arostropsis''

According to Lanteri (2017), the genera ''Mimographus, Hoplopactus'' and ''Naupactus'' are not monophyletic, ''Artipus'' belongs to Geonemini tribe, and ''Mimographopsis'' and ''Floresianus'' should be resurrected as extant genera.<ref name=":0" />

== References == {{Reflist}} * Gistel, J. 1848: Faunula monacensis cantharologica. (Fortsetzung). Isis von Oken, 1848(8): third unnumbered page in the Section Umschlag (front covers). * Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; Lyal, C.H.C. 1999: A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona.

== External links ==  *{{Wikispecies-inline}}

Category:Entiminae Category:Beetle tribes