{{Short description|Sufi saint and poet (1274–1356)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} {{Infobox religious biography | background = | name = | image = Chiraghdehlidargah.jpg | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | alias = Chiragh e Dehli | location = [[Delhi]] | title = چراغِ دہلی ''Chiragh-e-Dehli'' | Period = Early 14th century | Predecessor = [[Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya]] | students = [[Bande Nawaz|Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gesudaraz]], [[Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi|Khwaja Sheikh Kaleemullah Jahanabadi]], Kamaluddin Chishti, Khwaja Moinuddin Khurd Bin Hisamuddin Jigar Sokhta | birth_date = 1274 | birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], [[Delhi Sultanate]] | death_date = 1356<ref>[Monumented on the gate at Hazrat Nasiruddin Chirag Mausoleum his resting place]</ref> | death_place = [[Old Delhi|Dehli]], [[Delhi Sultanate]] | Sufi_order = [[Chisti order|Chisti Nizami order]] }}
'''Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud "Roshan Chirag-e-Dehli"''' ([[Urdu]] نصیرالدین چراغ دہلوی )<ref>[http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/delhi.htm#6 Hazrat NasirudDin Mahmud. Entitled Raushan Chiragh-i-Dihli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430082347/http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/delhi.htm#6 |date=30 April 2018 }} Sufi Saints of Delhi.</ref> ({{circa|1274}}–1337) was a 14th-century mystic-poet and a [[Sufi]] saint of the [[Chishti Order]]. He was a disciple and successor of [[Nizamuddin Auliya|Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya]]. He is considered as the last important Sufi of the [[Chishti Order]] from [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crackias.com/our-performance.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601162502/http://crackias.com/conventional_h2.html|url-status=dead|title=CRACKIAS - Performance of Red Books for GS PRELIMS In UPSC 2020|archivedate=1 June 2009|website=www.crackias.com}}</ref><ref name="ain">[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702015%26ct%3D50%26rqs%3D666 Nizamuddin Auliya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727161648/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile=00702015&ct=50&rqs=666|date=27 July 2011}} ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'', by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]. English tr. by [[Heinrich Blochmann]] and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. [[Asiatic Society of Bengal|The Asiatic Society of Bengal]], [[Calcutta]], Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 365. "many under his direction attained to the heights of sanctity, such as [[Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi|Shaykh Naṣíru'ddín Muḥammad Chirágh i Dihlí]], [[Amir Khusro|Mír Khusrau]], Shaykh Aláu'l Ḥaḳḳ, Shaykh Akhí Siráj, in [[Bengal]], Shaikh Wajíhu'ddín Yúsuf in [[Chanderi]], Shaykh Yạḳúb and Shaykh Kamál in [[Malwa|Malwah]], Mauláná Ghiyáṣ, in Dhár, Mauláná Mughíṣ, in [[Ujjain]], Shaykh Ḥusain, in [[Gujarat]], Shaykh Burhánu'ddín Gharíb, Shaykh Muntakhab, Khwájah Ḥasan, in the [[Deccan Plateau|Dekhan]]."</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Great Sufi Saints |url=http://www.soofie.saheb.org.za/a_few_great_saints.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216153332/http://www.soofie.saheb.org.za/a_few_great_saints.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2008}}</ref>
His title "Roshan Chirag-e-Delhi", in [[Persian language|Persian]], means "Illuminated Lamp of [[Delhi]]".<ref name=wor/> {{Sufism}}
==Biography== Syed Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi (or Chiragh-e-Delhi)<ref name=dar/> was born as Nasiruddin Mahmud Al Hasani around 1274, at [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=tim/><ref name=ayo/> Dehlavi's father, Yahya Al Hasani, who traded in [[Pashmina]], and his grandfather, Shaikh Yahya Abdul Latif Al Hasani, first migrated from [[Khorasan (Province)|Khorasan]], northeastern [[Iran]], to [[Lahore]], and thereafter settled in [[Ayodhya]], in [[Awadh]]. His father died when he was nine and he received education from Abdul Karim Sherwani and then from Iftikhar Uddin Gilani.<ref name=dar>[http://dargahsharif.com/CHIRAG%20E%20DELHI%20LAMP%20OF%20DELHI.htm Life History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517113558/http://dargahsharif.com/CHIRAG%20E%20DELHI%20LAMP%20OF%20DELHI.htm |date=17 May 2017 }} [[Moinuddin Chishti]] Official website.</ref>
At the age forty, he left Ayodhya for Delhi, where he became the disciple of [[Nizamuddin Auliya]]. Dehlavi stayed there for the rest of his life as his disciple,<ref name=ayo>[http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-sikand251003.htm Ayodhya's Forgotten Muslim Past] "Counter Currents", 23 October 2003.</ref> and after his death, became his successor. In time, he also became a known poet in [[Persian language]].<ref>[http://www.ignca.gov.in/aqeedat_2008_abst_abdulali.htm The Tradition of Arabic Devotional Poetry in India…] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204124431/http://www.ignca.gov.in/aqeedat_2008_abst_abdulali.htm |date=4 February 2017 }} Hind Islami Tahjeeb Ke Rang : Aqeedat Ke Rang, "[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]" (IGNCA).</ref>
He died in 17 [[Ramadan|Ramzan]] 757 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] or 1357 [[Common Era|CE]],<ref>[http://www.sunnirazvi.org/qadiri/dargah.htm Dargah - Religious life at the Tomb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105062017/http://www.sunnirazvi.org/qadiri/dargah.htm |date=5 November 2018 }} www.sunnirazvi.org. "Chirag-e Delhi Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh of Delhi (d.1356), …"</ref> at the age of 82 or 83, and is buried in a part of [[South Delhi]], [[India]] which is known as "Chirag Delhi" after him.<ref name=tim>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Editorial/In_The_Name_Of_Faith/rssarticleshow/msid-1922531,curpg-2.cms In The Name Of Faith] ''[[Times of India]]'', 19 April 2007.</ref>
==Disciples== One of his disciples was [[Bande Nawaz|Bande Nawaz Gezu Daraz]], who later moved to [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] around 1400, owing to the [[Timur (Tamerlane)#Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty|attack]] of [[Timur]] on Delhi.<ref>Omer Tarin 'Some Chishti Sufi Saints of the 13th and 14th centuries' in Historical Studies journal, Ahmedabad. No 12, 2011, pp121-127</ref> Invited by [[Bahamani]] King, Firuz Shah Bahamani, he then moved to [[Gulbarga]], [[Karnataka]]. He stayed there for the following 22 years, spreading the [[Chishti Order]] until his death in November 1422.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vAdbCq8HQBIC&dq=Nasiruddin+Chirag+-i-+Delhi&pg=PA111 Jihad in the East: A Crescent Over Delhi] ''The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity'', by [[M. J. Akbar]]. Routledge, 2002. {{ISBN|0-415-28470-8}}. Page 111.</ref>
Bande Nawaz's mausoleum is in Gulbarga, as a symbol of multi-religious unity.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Urs-e-Sharief-of-Khwaja-Bande-Nawaz-in-Gulbarga-from-tomorrow/article14883646.ece | title=Urs-e-Sharief of Khwaja Bande Nawaz in Gulbarga from tomorrow | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=27 November 2007 | first=T.V. | last=Sivanandan | accessdate=4 November 2018 }}</ref> Another prominent discipline was Makhdoom Jahanan jahangasht of uch Sharif (grandson of saiyyed Jalaluddin shurkhposh Bukhari) makhdoom jahanian jahangasht did 36 Haj, he was peer of 80 makhdooms including Ashraf Jahangir simnani of kichaucha shariff and Syed sadruddin Raju Qattal, and was also the peer of king Firoz Shah Tuglaq, sultan of Gujrat Zafar Shah, ruler of Ludhiana Sheikh Chachu. Khwaja Moinuddin Khurd Bin Khwaja Hisamuddin Jigar Sokhta Bin Khwaja Fakhruddin Bin Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishty Rehmatullah Alaih was also disciple and Khalifa.
During his stay in Delhi, Dehlavi continued to visit Ayodhya often, where he made a number of disciples, notably, Shaikh Zainuddin Ali Awadhi was his nephew, Shaikh Fatehullah Awadhi and Allama Kamaluddin Awadhi.<ref name=tim/> Kamaluddin Allama was his nephew.
==Dargah== After his death, his tomb was built by [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (r. 1351–1388), the [[Sultan of Delhi]] in 1358, and later two gateways were added on either side of mausoleum. One of noted addition was a mosque built by a later [[Mughal Emperor|Mughal emperor]], [[Farrukhsiyar]], in the early 18th century,<ref name=wor>[http://www.hotels-new-delhi.com/tourist-attractions/worship-places/mosques-shrines/chirag-dilli.html Chirag Dilli Tomb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105061844/http://www.hotels-new-delhi.com/tourist-attractions/worship-places/mosques-shrines/chirag-dilli.html |date=5 November 2018 }} Mosques & Shrines in Delhi.</ref> and popular among both Muslims and non-Muslims. A humble tomb, allegedly the [[Tomb of Bahlol Lodi]], the grave of the founder of the [[Lodi dynasty]] (r. 1451–1489), lies close to the shrine,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040509191553/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/01/stories/2004030100750200.htm Delhi's Valley of Kings] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 1 March 2004.</ref> in the present day locality of ‘Chirag Delhi’ that grew around the tomb since 1800, and still goes by his name, it is very close to the locality of [[Greater Kailash]], in [[South Delhi]].<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/#lat=28.5383387&lon=77.2310543&z=17&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/4006620/Dargah-of-Chirag-e-Dilli Dargah of Chirag-e-Delhi location]''[[Wikimapia]]''.</ref>
==Legacy== Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehalvi, unlike his spiritual master Nizamuddin Auliya, did not listen to ''[[sema]]'', which was considered un-Islamic by a section of the Muslim intelligentsia in that period. He did not however pass any specific judgement against it. This is the reason why even today, ''[[qawwali]]'' is not performed near his shrine in Delhi. Nasiruddin's descendants are to be found far and wide as a lot of them moved down South to Hyderabad.{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}} The ''dargah'' of Badi Bua or Badi Bibi, who said be the elder sister of Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi, still exists in city of Ayodhya.<ref name=tim/>
==Khanzada Jadubansi Rajputs, their acceptance of Islam== Khanzadah, the Persian form of the Rajputana word ''Rajput'', is the title of the representatives of the ancient Jadubansi royal Rajput family, descendants of [[Krishna]] and therefore of [[Lunar Dynasty]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}
Jadon (also spelled [[Jadaun]]) Rajput Raja Lakhan Pala, the progenitor of the family of the Khanzadahs, was the grandson of Raja Adhan Pala (who was 4th in descent from Raja Tahan Pala).<ref name=Powlett40>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/gazetteerofulwur00powliala#page/40/mode/2up/search/taman|title=Gazetteer of Ulwur|author=Major P.W. Powlett|year=1878|pages=40–41}}</ref> Tahan Pala, who founded Tahangarh, was the eldest son of Raja Bijai Pala (founder of [[Bijai Garh]]), who himself was 88th in descent from Lord [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 26 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> Hence, Jadon Raja Lakhan Pala, Mewatpatti (title means, Lord of Mewat) was 94th in descent from Lord [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/panjabcastes00ibbe|title=Panjab castes|first=Denzil|last=Ibbetson|date=24 July 1916|publisher=Lahore : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
===Acceptance of Islam=== The family records of [[Khanzadas of Mewat]] states that during one of the hunting expedition Kunwar [[Nahar Khan|Sambhar Pal]] and Kunwar Sopar Pal, the sons of [[Jadaun (clan)|Jadon]] [[Raja]] Lakhan Pal, met with Sufi saint Nasiruddin Mahmud, Roshan Chiragh-i Dehli. The acceptance of Islam by Khanzadahs have been a 'enlightenment of heart' come about from their association with the Sufi saints.<ref>"Shaikh Muhammad Makhdum, Arzang-i Tijarah(Urdu)( Agra: Agra Akhbar 1290H)"</ref>
==See also== {{portal|Poetry}} * [[Khanzada]] * [[Ata Hussain Fani Chishti]] * [[Chishti]] * [[Khwaja Abdullah Chishti]] * Khwaja [[Maudood Chishti]] * Khwaja [[Wali Kirani]] *[[Moinuddin Chishti]] *[[Persian inscriptions on Indian monuments]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Wikibooks|Sufism}} * [http://dargahsharif.com/CHIRAG%20E%20DELHI%20LAMP%20OF%20DELHI.htm ''Hazrat Nasir Uddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi'' Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517113558/http://dargahsharif.com/CHIRAG%20E%20DELHI%20LAMP%20OF%20DELHI.htm |date=17 May 2017 }} * [http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/delhi.htm#6 ''Hazrat NasirudDin Mahmud'', 'Raushan Chiragh-i-Dihli', Biography and Dargah details] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430082347/http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/delhi.htm#6 |date=30 April 2018 }}.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dehlavi, Nasiruddin Chiragh}} [[Category:1274 births]] [[Category:1356 deaths]] [[Category:People from Delhi]] [[Category:14th-century Persian-language poets]] [[Category:Indian Sufi saints|Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi]] [[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]] [[Category:13th-century Indian Muslims]] [[Category:13th-century Indian people]] [[Category:13th-century Indian poets]] [[Category:14th-century Indian poets]] [[Category:Chishtis]] [[Category:Sufi shrines in India]] [[Category:Students of Nizamuddin Auliya]]