{{short description|Astronomer, author, research scientist}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Nancy Houk | image = | caption = | birth_name = | nationality = | death_date = | alma_mater = [[University of Michigan]] 1962, B.S. [[Case Institute of Technology]] 1964, M.S. [[Case Western Reserve University]] 1967, Ph.D. | field = {{hlist|[[Astronomy]]|[[astrophysics]]}} | work_institutions = [[University of Michigan]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Atlas of Objective Prism Spectra | prizes = | spouse = | children = | signature = }}
'''Nancy Houk''' (born abt. 1940)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Brigitte |date=Apr 13, 1997 |title=Still Reaching for the Stars |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/63042346 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Standard-Speaker newspaper |page=F5 |language=en |publication-place=Hazleton, Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> is an American astronomer who taught at the University of Michigan and has published numerous books and articles on astronomy. Houk led the decades-long effort to establish a comprehensive database of [[Effective temperature|stellar temperatures]] and [[Luminosity|luminosities]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Memoir: Nancy Houk|website=Faculty History Project|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/faculty-history/faculty/nancy-houk/memoir|access-date=2017-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504162035/https://www.lib.umich.edu/faculty-history/faculty/nancy-houk/memoir|archive-date=2019-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gates |first=Max |date=Nov 12, 1987 |title=Star light, Star Bright... UM Astronomer Charts the Skies |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1180218732/?match=1&terms=%22Nancy%20Houk%22%20astronom* |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Ann Arbor News at Newspapers.com |page=15 |language=en}}</ref>
== Education == Houk obtained a bachelor of science degree from the University of Michigan where she researched at the [[Maria Mitchell Observatory]], named for America's [[Maria Mitchell|first woman professional astronomer]].
Houk earned her doctorate in astronomy from [[Case Western Reserve University]] in 1967. She also carried out postdoctorate studies at Case Western,<ref name=":0" /> and the [[Kapteyn Astronomical Institute|Kapteyn Laboratory]] in the [[Netherlands]]. There, she spent six months collaborating with Dr. Lukas Plaut performing research studies of [[variable star]]s.<ref>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Warner and Swasey Observatory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Report 1969-1970 | last=McCuskey| first=S. W. | journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society | volume=3 | pages=211–217 | date=January 1971 | bibcode=1971BAAS....3..211M }} See p. 216.</ref>
== Career == Houk joined the Astronomy Department of the University of Michigan in 1970 as a research associate.<ref>{{citation | title=The University of Michigan Observatory report | last=Hiltner | first=W. A. | journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society | volume=4 | pages=119–123 | date=January 1972 | bibcode=1972BAAS....4..119H | postscript=. }}</ref> This was followed by promotions to research associate in 1973, associate research scientist in 1977, then research scientist in 1985.
From 1971,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Renner |first=Gerard |date=Aug 20, 1988 |title=Scientist Push to the Edge of Creation |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1180040268/?match=1&terms=%22Nancy%20Houk%22%20astronom* |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Ann Arbor News |pages=A9 |language=en |quote=Nancy Houk, an astronomer at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Houk is widely known for her work, begun in 1971, of cataloging 225,000. The task, she said, will take her into the next century. |agency=Hartford Courant}}</ref> Houk led the effort to establish a comprehensive database of [[Effective temperature|stellar temperatures]] and [[Luminosity|luminosities]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 Oct 1986 |title=Jim Loudon's Michigan Spacelog |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1180319749/?match=1&terms=%22Nancy%20Houk%22%20astronom* |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Ann Arbor News |pages=D2 |language=en}}</ref> By 2014, the project had assembled five volumes, covering the sky from the south [[celestial pole]] to +5° declination, consisting of 162,900 stars in total.<ref name=Hearnshaw>{{citation | title=The Analysis of Starlight: Two Centuries of Astronomical Spectroscopy | first1=John B. | last1=Hearnshaw | edition=2 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2014 | isbn=978-1107782914 | page=185 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waf6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 }}</ref>
The images taken provide information about the physical properties of stars such as their composition of atomic elements and molecules, mass, temperature, rotational properties, age, distance, spectra classification and more. Houk used this data to construct the fundamental diagram used in astrophysics called the ''[[Hertzsprung–Russell diagram|Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram]]'' that forms the basis of modern astrophysics.<ref>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Astronomy with Schmidt-Type Telescopes | work=Proceedings of the 78th Colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, Asiago, Italy, August 30–September 2, 1983 | page=42 | isbn=9789400963870 | publisher=Springer Netherlands | editor-first=M. | editor-last=Capaccioli | date=December 6, 2012 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHXrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 }}</ref>
Houk was the editor of the Michigan Spectral Catalog.<ref name=":0" /> Her work was supported by funding from the [[National Science Foundation]].<ref name=":0" />
== Collections == Houk retired in 2001 and donated half of her plate collection, which surveyed the entire southern hemisphere night sky, to the Astronomical Photographic Data Archive (APDA) in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/nc-astronomy-institute-aims-to-archive-a-treasure-trove-of-celestial-photos/Content?oid=2743608|title=N.C. astronomy institute aims to archive a treasure trove of celestial photos|last=Sorg|first=Lisa|work=Indy Week|access-date=2017-09-06|language=en|archive-date=2017-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906134705/https://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/nc-astronomy-institute-aims-to-archive-a-treasure-trove-of-celestial-photos/Content?oid=2743608|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The other half of her collection resides in Japan. APDA, located at the [[Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute]], where there are plans to digitize her photographic plates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/astronomy-plates/|title=Preserving the Astronomical Past — NOVA Next|date=2014-12-10|work=NOVA Next|access-date=2017-09-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Nancy Houk with plates for transfer.jpg|thumb|Nancy Houk transferring her collection to APDA. Standing next to her is Michael Castelaz, PARI Research Director in 2004 who accepted Nancy Houk's collection on behalf of APDA.]]
== Publications == Houk's research is published in 5 volumes of the Michigan Spectral Catalog where the first set of HR diagrams are presented from her data.
Publications resulting from her research are listed below:
=== Books ===
* Voigt, H. H., L. Plaut, and N. Houk. ''Outline of Astronomy. Vols. 1 and 2.'' Translated from the German edition. Groningen, Netherlands: Noordhoff International Publishing, Academic Book Services, 1974. * Houk, Nancy, and Michael V. Newberry. ''A Second Atlas of Objective-Prism Spectra''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1984.
=== Articles === * Houk, Nancy, [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968AJS....73T..18H "Spectral Variations of 121 Faint Long-Period Variable Stars"] ''Astronomical Journal'' 73 (1968): 18. * Fitzgerald, M. P.; Houk, Nancy, [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970ApJ...159..963F "Spectral Observations, 1965-1968, of the Peculiar Emission Object V1016 Cygni (MH?328-116)"] ''Astrophysical Journal'' 159 (1970): 963. * McCuskey, W. W.; Houk, Nancy, [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971AJ.....76.1117M "Distribution of B8-A3 Stars near the Galactic Plane. 1. Galactic Longitudes 50' to 150' "] ''Astronomical Journal'' 76 (1971): 1117. * Cowley, A. P., and N. Houk. "An Interesting New Southern Peculiar A Star—HD 137509." ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'' 87 (1975): 527–528. * Houk, N.; Hartoog, M. R.; Cowley, A. P., "[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976AJ.....81..116H On stars and supergiants south of declination -53.0"] ''Astronomical Journal'' 81 (1976): 116 * Cowley, A. P.; Houk, N., [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976PASP...88...37C The rapidly varying emission spectrum of HD 158503.] ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'' 88 (1976): 37–40. * Barbier, M.; Bidelman, W. P.; Dluzhnevskaya, O.; Hauck, B.; Houk, N.; Jaschek, C.; McCarthy, M.; Mead, J.; Nandy, K.; Philip, D., "IAU Commission 45: Working Group on Spectroscopic and Photometric Data. Catalogs recently published, to be published or in preparation. List VII." ''Bulletin d'Information du Centre de Données Stellaires'' 13 (1977): 54–58 * Houk, Nancy & Sowell, James & Swift, C.. (2000). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252452026_The_Michigan_Spectral_Survey_of_the_HD_Stars The Michigan Spectral Survey of the HD Stars]. * Irvine, N. J.; Houk, N., [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PASP...89..347I Spectral changes in the pre-main-sequence star HD 97048.] ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'' 89 (1977): 347–348. * Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Sowell, J. R.; Houk, N. "Galactic Distributions and Statistics of the HD Stars in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue"''Astronomical Journal'' 134 (2007): 1072.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caballero-Nieves |first1=S. M. |last2=Sowell |first2=J. R. |last3=Houk |first3=N. |date=2007-09-01 |title=Galactic Distributions and Statistics of the HD Stars in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=1072–1088 |bibcode=2007AJ....134.1072C |doi=10.1086/520059 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Sowell, J. R., M. Trippe, S. M. Caballero-Nieves, and N. Houk. "H-R Diagrams Based on the HD Stars in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue and the Hipparcos Catalog." ''Astronomical Journal'' 134 (2007): 1089.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sowell |first1=J. R. |last2=Trippe |first2=M. |last3=Caballero-Nieves |first3=S. M. |last4=Houk |first4=N. |date=2007-09-01 |title=H-R Diagrams Based on the HD Stars in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue and the Hipparcos Catalog |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=1089–1102 |bibcode=2007AJ....134.1089S |doi=10.1086/520060 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Catalogs === * 1999 Michigan Spectral Survey, Ann Arbor, Dep. Astron., Univ. Michigan, Vol. 5. Houk, N.; Swift, C., Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars, Vol. 5 * 1999 "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars ; vol. 5. By Nancy Houk and Carrie Swift. Ann Arbor, Michigan : Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1999. ("This is the fifth of a projected seven volumes in a program of systematic reclassification of the Henry Draper stars on the MK system..." (preface).)." Houk, Nancy; Swift, Carrie, Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars ; vol. 5 * 1975 University of Michigan Catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars. Volume I. Declinations -90 to -53 Degrees., by Houk, N.; Cowley, A. P.. Ann Arbor, MI (USA): Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 19 + 452 p. Houk, N.; Cowley, A. P., University of Michigan Catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars. Volume I. Declinations -90 to -53 Degrees. * 1982 Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD stars. Volume_3. Declinations -40 Degrees to -26 Degrees., by Houk, N.. Ann Arbor, MI(USA): Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 12 + 390 p. Houk, N., Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD stars. Volume_3. Declinations -40 Degrees to -26 Degrees. * 1988 Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD Stars. Volume 4, Declinations -26°.0 to -12°.0.. N. Houk, M. Smith-Moore.Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1090, USA. 14+505 pp. Price US 25.00 (USA, Canada), US 28.00 (Foreign) (1988). Houk, N.; Smith-Moore, M., Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD Stars. Volume 4, Declinations -26°.0 to -12°.0.
=== Unclear === Houk, N., "100,000 MK Types: A Mid-Course Look at the HD Reclassification Project" University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1984.
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{cite web |title=Individual Members " Nancy Houk |website=International Astronomical Union |date=2016-09-20 |url=https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/4111/ |access-date=2017-09-28}} *{{cite web | title=Houk, Nancy year:1970-2004 | work=NASA [[Astrophysics Data System]] | url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/filter_author_facet_hier_fq_author=AND&filter_author_facet_hier_fq_author=author_facet_hier%3A%220%2FHouk%2C%20N%22&fq=%7B!type%3Daqp%20v%3D%24fq_author%7D&fq_author=(author_facet_hier%3A%220%2FHouk%2C%20N%22)&q=Houk%2C%20Nancy%20year%3A1970-2004&sort=date%20desc%2C%20bibcode%20desc&p_=0 | access-date=2021-06-25 }} *{{cite web | first=Michael | last=Castelaz | date=2017 | title=Astronomer Nancy Houk Astronomical Photographic Plate Collection | work=CLIR Hidden Collections Registry | url=http://registry.clir.org/projects/26893277 | access-date=2021-06-25 }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Houk, Nancy}} [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American women astronomers]] [[Category:Case Western Reserve University alumni]] [[Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni]]