{{Short description|Bangladeshi academic (1942–2021)}} {{Use British English|date=August 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder | native_name = নাজমা চৌধুরী | native_name_lang = bn | image = Najma Chowdhury speaking.jpg | caption = Chowdhury in 2012 | office = Adviser for Women and Children Affairs | term_start = 31 March 1996 | term_end = 23 June 1996 | 1blankname = Chief Adviser | 1namedata = Muhammad Habibur Rahman | successor = Mozammel Hossain | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|02|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Sylhet, Assam Province, British Raj | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|08|08|1942|02|26|df=y}} | death_place = Dhaka, Bangladesh | occupation = Academic | spouse = Mainur Reza Chowdhury | relatives = Murtaza Raza Choudhry (father-in-law)<br />Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry (uncle-in-law)<br />Zara Jabeen Mahbub (niece) | alma_mater = {{ubl|University of Dhaka|SOAS, University of London}} | awards = Ekushey Padak (2008)<!--Notable national level awards only--> }}
'''Najma Chowdhury''' (26 February 1942 – 8 August 2021) was a Bangladeshi academic. She served as the adviser to the Habib administration.
She was a pioneer in establishing women's studies in Bangladesh. She founded the Women and Gender Studies department of the University of Dhaka in 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Workshop on gender begins |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/02/25/d70225062291.htm |accessdate=10 October 2016 |work=The Daily Star |date=25 February 2007}}</ref> She was an adviser to the first caretaker government in 1996.<ref name="bdnews24">{{cite news |title=Spotlight on former caretaker advisors |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/spotlight-on-former-caretaker-advisors |work=bdnews24.com |date=21 October 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2016}}</ref> She was awarded the Ekushey Padak, Bangladesh's second-highest civilian honour, for research in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 February 2008 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-24015.html |title=9 get Ekushey Padak 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>
== Early life and education == Chowdhury was born on 26 February 1942 to a Bengali Muslim family in Sylhet.<ref name="alo">{{cite news |last=Shiropa |first=Touhida |date=4 December 2010 |script-title=bn:কর্মে জীবন ভরা |trans-title=Life of works |url=http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-12-04/news/113158 |language=bn |work=Prothom Alo |location=Dhaka |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012035956/http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-12-04/news/113158 |archivedate=12 October 2016 |accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref> She was the third child of Chowdhury Imamuzzaman and Amirunnesa Khatun after the death of their first two children. Her mother, Amurunnesa Khatun, was a homemaker, while her father, Chowdhury Imamuzzaman, was a civil engineer.<ref name=":0" /> Her father was from the Chowdhury Bari of Pitua-Sadrabad in Nabiganj. They were descendants of Shah Sadruddin Qureshi, who is claimed to be a Qurayshite associate of Shah Jalal who partook in the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303.<ref name=tar>{{citation |title=তরফের সৈয়দ বংশ ও লাকসাম নবাব পরিবার |date=30 June 2021 |author=Ahmad, Syed Kamaluddin |language=bn}}</ref>
==Education== Her early schooling was in Assam, then in British India. The family moved to Dhaka, East Pakistan, when her father found a new job after independence from Britain when East Pakistan separated from India.<ref name="alo" />
Chowdhury was admitted in class three into Bidya Mandir School in Dhaka. Then again, in class four, she was admitted into PN Girls' School in Rajshahi. She passed her SSC entrance exam from Kamrunnesa Girls' School in 1956. She stood eighth among girls in the East Pakistan Secondary Education Board. She passed her HSC from Holy Cross College, Dhaka. She stood ninth in the merit list in the East Pakistan Higher Secondary Education Board.<ref name="alo"/>
Chowdhury completed her graduation and post-graduation in political science at the University of Dhaka.<ref name="star">{{cite news |title=Prof Najma Chowdhury honoured |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=52898 |accessdate=10 October 2016 |work=The Daily Star |date=2 September 2008}}</ref> She played guitar for Bangladesh Betar before going to the United Kingdom for her PhD.<ref name=":0" />
== Career ==
=== Academic === Chowdhury started her career as a lecturer in the political science department of the University of Dhaka in 1963.<ref name="star"/> In 1966, she went on a Commonwealth Scholarship to the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London to obtain her PhD.<ref name="star" /> She returned to Bangladesh in 1972 and was the chairperson of the political science department from 1984 to 1987. During her tenure in the department, she introduced courses related to women's empowerment and development into the curriculum. She also established the Centre for Women Studies, a research centre within the university.<ref name=":0" />
Chowdhury served as a visiting scholar at the University of Minnesota in 1988 under a Fulbright fellowship for three months.<ref name="alo" /> She was a friend of political scientist Barbara J. Nelson. The duo edited a book, ''Women and Politics Worldwide'', in 1994, published by Yale University Press.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women and Politics Worldwide |url=http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300054071/women-and-politics-worldwide |newspaper=Yale University Press |accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref> The book won the Victoria Schuck Award in 1995.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartz |first1=Larry |title=American Political Science Association Victoria Schuck award |url=http://web.mnstate.edu/schwartz/AmerPoliSciAssocSchuck.html |website=web.mnstate.edu |accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref> The American Political Science Association called the book the best book for 1994.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Najma Chowdhury, an Ekushey Padak-winning professor, dies of COVID at 79 |url=https://bdnews24.com/people/najma-chowdhury-an-ekushey-padak-winning-professor-dies-of-covid-at-79 |access-date=9 August 2021 |work=bdnews24.com |date=8 August 2021}}</ref>
She served as Bangladesh's representative at the United Nations General Assembly in 1978 and 1986. During this period she was also a participant at the UNESCO General Conference in Belgrade in 1980, the World Conference on Women in Nairobi in 1985, and the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995.<ref name="alo" /><ref name=":0" />
She helped establish the Women and Gender Studies department at the University of Dhaka in 2000. Chowdhury joined the department as a professor in 2003 and later served as chairperson. She was also professor emeritus at the university.<ref name="star"/> Through her contributions to women's empowerment and development studies, she was considered an inspiration for the women of Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /> Her 2010 book ''Of Mangroves and Monsters'' chronicled women's participation in Bangladesh's political institutions and policy-making bodies and explored their peripheral involvement and marginalisation. She used this to study the paradoxical nature of women's participation despite having women as the country's heads of government for over two decades.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Caudhurī, Nājamā |title=Of mangroves and monsters : women's political participation and women's studies in Bangladesh |date=2010 |publisher=Dept. of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka |isbn=978-984-8866-15-3 |oclc=837790838}}</ref> Her research further studied systemic discrimination within institutions that disadvantaged women across professions and across cultures and class divides.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Mangroves and Monsters: Women's Political Participation and Women's Studies in Bangladesh |url=https://pathakshamabesh.com/product/of-mangroves-and-monsters-womens-political-participation-and-womens-studies-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Pathak Shamabesh |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Politics and non-profit === Chowdhury served as an advisor in the first caretaker government led by Muhammad Habibur Rahman in 1996. She served in the Ministry of Women and Children and the Ministry of Social Welfare, Labour and Manpower.<ref name="bdnews24"/> She was also the president of Women for Women International and a founding member of the Human Development Foundation.<ref name=":0" />
== Awards == Chowdhury received Ekushey Padak, Bangladesh's second-highest civilian honour, for her outstanding contributions to research in 2008. She was also awarded the "Rokeya Chair" in 2007 by the University Grants Commission.<ref name=":0" />
== Personal life == In 1961, Chowdhury married Mainur Reza Chowdhury, son of the former Finance Minister Murtaza Raza Choudhry of the Monakosha ''zamindar'' family.<ref name=tar/> Chowdhury was a student of the English department at the University of Dhaka at that time. He later went on to become the Chief Justice of Bangladesh. He died in 2004.<ref name="alo"/> The couple had two daughters, Lamiya Chowdhury and Bushra Hasina Chowdhury. The latter is a teacher with Dhaka University's International Relations department.<ref name=":0" />
Chowdhury died on 8 August 2021, at a hospital in Dhaka from COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Educationist Nazma Chowdhury passes away |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/city/educationist-nazma-chowdhury-passes-away |access-date=8 August 2021 |work=Prothom Alo |date=8 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She was 79.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Rubel |first=Sirajul Islam |date=9 August 2021 |title=Prof Najma Chowdhury passes away |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/prof-najma-chowdhury-passes-away-2148051 |access-date=9 August 2021 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> She is buried at the Banani graveyard in Dhaka.<ref name=":0" />
== Published works == * {{Cite book |last1=Caudhurī |first1=Nājamā |last2=Nelson |first2=Barbara J. |title=Women and Politics Worldwide |date=1994 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-05407-6 |location=New Haven |oclc=28508284}} * {{Cite book |last=Caudhurī |first=Nājamā |title=Of Mangroves and Monsters: Women's Political Participation and Women's Studies in Bangladesh |date=2010 |publisher=Pathak Shamabesh |others=University of Dhaka. Department of Women and Gender Studies |isbn=978-984-8866-15-3 |location=Dhaka |oclc=702165807}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Bangladesh|Feminism}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Najma}} Category:1942 births Category:2021 deaths Category:Advisers of caretaker governments of Bangladesh Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London Category:Bangladeshi feminists Category:Bangladeshi women academics Category:Bangladeshi women's rights activists Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh Category:Holy Cross College, Dhaka alumni Category:People from Nabiganj Upazila Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak Category:University of Dhaka alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Dhaka Category:University of Minnesota faculty