Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering

{{Short description|Russian electronics company}} {{Infobox company | name = Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering | logo = Nizhny_Novgorod_Research_Institute_of_Radio_Engineering_logo.png | type = Open joint-stock company | industry = | fate = | predecessor =  | successor =  | founded = 1947 | founder =  | defunct =  | hq_location_city = Nizhny Novgorod | hq_location_country = Russia | area_served =  | key_people = | products = | owner =  | num_employees = | num_employees_year =  | parent = Almaz-Antey | website = {{URL|nniirt.ru}} }} thumb|right|55Zh6M Nebo-M mobile multiband radar system, developed by NNIIRT The '''Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT)''' is a Russian electronics company specializing in the development and manufacturing of radar equipment. It is a subsidiary of the Almaz-Antey group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Сайт раскрытия информацииhahahq СКРИН|url=https://disclosure.skrin.ru/disclosure/5261064047/?DTI=2|website=disclosure.skrin.ru|accessdate=16 April 2017}}</ref>

==History== Founded in 1947, NNIIRT is based in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Nizhniy Novgorod Scientific Research Institute for Radio Engineering|url=http://links.aviationweek.com/Search/AWK/219271/Nizhniy-Novgorod-Scientific-Research-Institute-for-Radio-Engineering.html|magazine=Aviation Week|access-date=2014-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091425/http://links.aviationweek.com/Search/AWK/219271/Nizhniy-Novgorod-Scientific-Research-Institute-for-Radio-Engineering.html|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Beginning in 1975, NNIIRT developed the first VHF 3D radar capable of measuring height, range, and azimuth to a target. This effort produced the 55Zh6 'Nebo' VHF surveillance radar, which passed acceptance trials in 1982.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/62.847925 |title=VHF (Metric band) radars from Nizhny Novgorod Research Radiotechnical Institute |date=2000 |last1=Zachepitsky |first1=A. |journal=IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=9–14 }}</ref>

In the post–Cold War era, NNIIRT developed the 55Zh6 Nebo U 'Tall Rack' radar, which has been integrated with the SA-21 anti-aircraft weapons system. This system is deployed around Moscow.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Evolving technological strategy in advanced air defense systems|author=Carlo Kopp|date=April 2010|journal=Joint Force Quarterly}}</ref>

In 2013, NNIIRT announced the further development of the 55Zh6UME Nebo-UME, which combines VHF and L band radars on a single assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/28401/nniirt-develops-new-dual-frequency-early-warning-radar|title=NNIIRT develops new dual-frequency early warning radar|author=Miroslav Gyürösi|date=14 October 2013|publisher=Jane's Information Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065538/http://www.janes.com/article/28401/nniirt-develops-new-dual-frequency-early-warning-radar |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Carlo Kopp and Bill Sweetman. "[http://aviationweek.com/awin/new-russian-airpower-efforts-show-progress New Russian Airpower Efforts Show Progress]" ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', 19 June 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715164209/http://aviationweek.com/awin/new-russian-airpower-efforts-show-progress |date=July 15, 2015 }}</ref>

==NNIIRT designed air surveillance radars== The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (Russian acronym: NNIIRT) has since 1948 developed a number of radars.<ref>{{cite web|title=NNIIRT|url=http://www.nniirt.ru/istoriya-i-sobytiya|accessdate=1 March 2016|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027174443/http://www.nniirt.ru/istoriya-i-sobytiya|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other innovations were radars with frequency hopping; the P-10 Volga A (NATO: KNIFE REST B) in 1953, radars with transmitter signal coherency and special features like moving target indicator (MTI); the P-12 Yenisei (NATO: SPOON REST) in 1955, as well as the P-70 Lena-M with chirp signal modulation in 1968.<ref name="Soviet Radars">{{cite web|title=Soviet Radars|url=http://users.sch.gr/dlabaditis/TH/radars/}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable" ! Radar !! NATO reporting name !! Radio spectrum (NATO)!! Developed !! Production plant !! Notes |- | P-3 || || VHF|| 1948|| NITEL<ref>{{cite web|title=РЛС П-3А (Dumbo)|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p3a.htm|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> || The first Soviet post-World War II air surveillance radar |- | P-8 Volga || KNIFE REST A || VHF|| 1950 || NITEL<ref name="NITEL">{{cite web|title=Из истории выпуска РЛС П-18|url=http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/|accessdate=7 March 2016|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221616/http://museums.unn.ru/nitel/|url-status=dead}}</ref> || The first Soviet radar with circular scan |- | P-10 Volga A || KNIFE REST B || VHF|| 1953 || NITEL<ref name="NITEL" /> || Frequency hopping |- | P-12 Yenisei || SPOON REST || VHF|| 1955 || NITEL<ref name="NITEL" /> || Coherent radar with MTI |- | P-14 Lena|| TALL KING || VHF|| 1959 || NITEL<ref name="РЛС П-14 TALL KING">{{cite web|title=РЛС П-14 (TALL KING)|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> || |- | P-70 Lena-M|| || VHF|| 1968 || || First Soviet radar with chirp |- | P-18 Terek|| SPOON REST D || VHF|| 1970 || NITEL<ref>{{cite web|title=pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p18.htm|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p18.htm|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> || |- | 5N84A Oborona-14|| TALL KING C || VHF|| 1974|| NITEL<ref name="РЛС П-14 TALL KING"/> || |- | [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/big-back.htm 5N69 Salute]|| BIG BACK || D-band || 1975|| || First Soviet 3D-radar |- | 44Zh6|| TALL KING B || VHF|| 1979 || NITEL<ref name="РЛС П-14 TALL KING"/> || Stationary version of Oborona-14 |- | [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/nebo.htm 55Zh6 Nebo]|| TALL RACK || VHF|| 1982 || NITEL<ref>{{cite web|title=РЛС 55Ж6|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/55j6.htm|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> || First Soviet meter-wavelength 3D-radar |- | 1L13 || || || 1982 || || |- |1L121-E | |UHF |2011 | | |- | 52E6 || || VHF|| 1982–1996 || || |- | [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/nebo-svu.htm 1L13-3 Nebo-SV]|| BOX SPRING || VHF|| 1985|| NITEL<ref>{{cite web|title=РЛС 1Л13 "НЕБО-СВ"|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/1l13.htm|accessdate=7 March 2016}}</ref> || |- | 55ZH6U Nebo-U<ref name="Rusi">{{cite web|title=Rusi Events|url=http://www.slideshare.net/RUSIEVENTS/igor-sutyagin-the-opposite-of-air-power|accessdate=2 March 2016|date=2013-11-06}}</ref> || TALL RACK || VHF|| 1992 || NITEL<ref>{{cite web|title=Основная деятельность|url=http://www.nitel-oao.ru/page.php?page=18&navleft=0.62|accessdate=7 March 2016|archive-date=1 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601153302/http://www.nitel-oao.ru/page.php?page=18&navleft=0.62|url-status=dead}}</ref> || |- | 1L119 Nebo-SVU|| || VHF|| 1997–2006 || || |- | 59N6-1 Protivnik-G1<ref>{{cite web|title=59N6|pages=1|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html#mozTocId397234|date=2007-09-10|last1=Kopp|first1=Carlo}}</ref> || || D-band || 1997 || || Average time between failures 840 hours |- | 1L122 Avtobaza<ref>{{cite web|title=1L122|url=http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1219/1241/1334|access-date=2019-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520205820/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1219/1241/1334|archive-date=2017-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> || || D-band || 1997–2006 || || |- | 52E6MU<ref name="APA Struna">{{cite web|title=APA-52E6MU-Struna|pages=1|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-52E6MU-Struna.html|accessdate=2 March 2016|date=2009-11-20|last1=Gyűrösi|first1=Miroslav}}</ref> || || VHF|| 1997–2006 || || |- | P-18 modernisation kits || SPOON REST D || VHF || 1997–2006 || || |- | 55ZH6M Nebo-M<ref name="vpk-news">{{cite web|url=http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/34619|title=ВКС РФ получили пять станций для обнаружения стелс-самолетов | Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|website=vpk-news.ru|accessdate=17 December 2017|archive-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028054003/https://www.vpk-news.ru/news/34619|url-status=dead}}</ref> || || VHF/multi-band || 2011 || || |- | 59N6M || || || || || |- |}

== Management ==

* Tyulin Valery Evgenievich — General Director;<ref>{{Cite web |title=О назначении нового генерального директора {{!}} АО "ФНПЦ "ННИИРТ" |url=https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20211125 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.nniirt.ru}}</ref> * Tsyganov Maxim Alexandrovich — Deputy General Director for General Issues; * Fomin Andrey Vladimirovich — Deputy General Director for Production; * Cherney Pyotr Ivanovich — Deputy General Director for Quality; * Solonina Alyona Alexandrovna — Deputy General Director for Financial and Economic Affairs; * Sadovnikova Olga Alexandrovna — Chief Accountant; * Frantsev Mikhail Yevtifeevich — Deputy General Director — Chief Engineer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Открытие новой учебной аудитории {{!}} АО "ФНПЦ "ННИИРТ" |url=https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20231108 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.nniirt.ru}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.nniirt.ru www.nniirt.ru] - Website (Russian language)

Category:Manufacturing companies based in Nizhniy Novgorod Category:Electronics companies of Russia Category:1947 establishments in the Soviet Union Category:Research institutes in Russia Category:Almaz-Antey Category:Defence companies of Russia Category:Electronics companies of the Soviet Union Category:Research institutes in the Soviet Union Category:Defence companies of the Soviet Union