NNC2215

'''NNC2215''' is a bioengineered glucose-sensitive insulin. The drug is designed by a team of Novo Nordisk researchers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PhD |first=Jonathan D. Grinstein |date=2024-10-21 |title=Novo Nordisk Researchers Engineer Glucose-Sensitive Insulin Switch |url=https://www.insideprecisionmedicine.com/topics/translational-research/novo-nordisk-researchers-engineer-glucose-sensitive-insulin-switch/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Inside Precision Medicine |language=en-US}}</ref>

NNC2215 can sense the glucose concentration presence in blood, through incorporation of a glucose binding molecule developed in the University of Bristol.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tromans |first=Robert A. |last2=Carter |first2=Tom S. |last3=Chabanne |first3=Laurent |last4=Crump |first4=Matthew P. |last5=Li |first5=Hongyu |last6=Matlock |first6=Johnathan V. |last7=Orchard |first7=Michael G. |last8=Davis |first8=Anthony P. |date=2019 |title=A biomimetic receptor for glucose |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-018-0155-z |journal=Nature Chemistry |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=52–56 |doi=10.1038/s41557-018-0155-z |issn=1755-4349|hdl=1983/3779a7c0-9ad6-49f7-ac02-f82a8c6297ec |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The protein's sensitivity is reduced when low concentration of glucose, thus reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwon |first=Diana |date=2024-10-16 |title='Smart' insulin prevents diabetic highs — and deadly lows |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03357-7 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-03357-7 |pmid=39414970|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In addition, it can effectively cover the risk of fluctuations of blood sugar levels.

The study was published on scientific journal ''Nature'' on October 16, 2024.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoeg-Jensen |first1=Thomas |last2=Kruse |first2=Thomas |last3=Brand |first3=Christian L. |last4=Sturis |first4=Jeppe |last5=Fledelius |first5=Christian |last6=Nielsen |first6=Peter K. |last7=Nishimura |first7=Erica |last8=Madsen |first8=Alice R. |last9=Lykke |first9=Lennart |last10=Halskov |first10=Kim S. |last11=Koščová |first11=Simona |last12=Kotek |first12=Vladislav |last13=Davis |first13=Anthony P. |last14=Tromans |first14=Robert A. |last15=Tomsett |first15=Michael |date=16 October 2024 |title=Glucose-sensitive insulin with attenuation of hypoglycaemia |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=634 |issue=8035 |pages=944–951 |bibcode=2024Natur.634..944H |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-08042-3 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=11499270 |pmid=39415004}}</ref> This study demonstrated the ability of protein engineering in future medicine and a major advancement in treatment capabilities.

== Background == A glucose sensitive treatment method for diabetes has long been pursued by researchers since 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brownlee |first1=Michael |last2=Cerami |first2=Anthony |date=1979-12-07 |title=A Glucose-Controlled Insulin-Delivery System: Semisynthetic Insulin Bound to Lectin |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.505005 |journal=Science |volume=206 |issue=4423 |pages=1190–1191 |doi=10.1126/science.505005|pmid=505005 |bibcode=1979Sci...206.1190B |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Such a platform is expected to solve the problem of fluctuations of blood sugar levels. For diabetic patients, skipping a single meal can lead to hypoglycemia, a common complication which can lead to loss of consciousness or seizures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia) - NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/low-blood-glucose-hypoglycemia |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |language=en-US}}</ref>

There have been several attempts to create such a medicine, with various levels of success.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jarosinski |first1=Mark A |last2=Chen |first2=Yen-Shan |last3=Varas |first3=Nicolás |last4=Dhayalan |first4=Balamurugan |last5=Chatterjee |first5=Deepak |last6=Weiss |first6=Michael A |date=2022-04-01 |title=New Horizons: Next-Generation Insulin Analogues: Structural Principles and Clinical Goals |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |volume=107 |issue=4 |pages=909–928 |doi=10.1210/clinem/dgab849 |pmid=34850005 |pmc=8947325 |issn=0021-972X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Yun |last2=Wang |first2=Shiqi |last3=Wang |first3=Zejun |last4=Yu |first4=Jicheng |last5=Wang |first5=Jinqiang |last6=Buse |first6=John B. |last7=Gu |first7=Zhen |date=2024-06-10 |title=Recent Progress in Glucose-Responsive Insulin |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-abstract/73/9/1377/156832/Recent-Progress-in-Glucose-Responsive-Insulin?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Diabetes |volume=73 |issue=9 |pages=1377–1388 |doi=10.2337/dbi23-0028 |pmid=38857114 |issn=0012-1797|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==See also== * Diabetes * Hyperglycemia * Hypoglycemia

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Insulin receptor agonists