KLRC2

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Short description|Protein-coding gene in humans}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''NKG2-C type II integral membrane protein''' or '''NKG2C''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KLRC2'' gene.<ref name="pmid9598306">{{cite journal | vauthors = Plougastel B, Trowsdale J | title = Sequence analysis of a 62-kb region overlapping the human KLRC cluster of genes | journal = Genomics | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 193–9 | date = Apr 1998 | pmid = 9598306 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.5197 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KLRC2 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3822}}</ref> It is also known as or cluster of differentiation 159c ('''CD159c''').

== Function ==

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.<ref name="entrez"/>

== Interactions ==

KLRC2 has been shown to interact and form dimers with CD94.<ref name=pmid8943374>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lazetic S, Chang C, Houchins JP, Lanier LL, Phillips JH | title = Human natural killer cell receptors involved in MHC class I recognition are disulfide-linked heterodimers of CD94 and NKG2 subunits | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 157 | issue = 11 | pages = 4741–5 | date = Dec 1996 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.4741 | pmid = 8943374 }}</ref><ref name=pmid10320637>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ding Y, Sumitran S, Holgersson J | title = Direct binding of purified HLA class I antigens by soluble NKG2/CD94 C-type lectins from natural killer cells | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Immunology | volume = 49 | issue = 5 | pages = 459–65 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10320637 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00566.x | s2cid = 28500838 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The CD94/NKG2C heterodimer can bind to HLA-E<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Braud VM, Allan DS, O'Callaghan CA, Söderström K, D'Andrea A, Ogg GS, Lazetic S, Young NT, Bell JI, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, McMichael AJ | title = HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. | journal = Nature | volume = 391 | issue = 6669 | pages = 795–9 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9486650 | doi = 10.1038/35869 | bibcode = 1998Natur.391..795B | s2cid = 4379457 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee N, Llano M, Carretero M, Ishitani A, Navarro F, López-Botet M, Geraghty DE | title = HLA-E is a major ligand for the natural killer inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A | journal = PNAS | volume = 95 | issue = 9 | pages = 5199–204 | date = Apr 1998 | pmid = 9560253 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.9.5199 | pmc=20238 | bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.5199L | doi-access = free }}</ref> and this binding leads to NK cells activation.

During infection with human cytomegalovirus, peptides derived from the virus are presented on HLA-E and natural killer cells that express the CD94/NKG2C receptor can specifically recognise the virus peptides. This recognition leads to activation, expansion, and differentiation of adaptive NK cells.<ref name="HammerRuckert2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hammer Q, Rückert T, Borst EM, Dunst J, Haubner A, Durek P, Heinrich F, Gasparoni G, Babic M, Tomic A, Pietra G, Nienen M, Blau IW, Hofmann J, Na IK, Prinz I, Koenecke C, Hemmati P, Babel N, Arnold R, Walter J, Thurley K, Mashreghi MF, Messerle M, Romagnani C | title = Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells. | journal = Nature Immunology | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 453–463 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29632329 | doi = 10.1038/s41590-018-0082-6 | s2cid = 4718187 }}</ref>

== See also == * Cluster of differentiation

== References == {{reflist}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Houchins JP, Yabe T, McSherry C, Bach FH | title = DNA sequence analysis of NKG2, a family of related cDNA clones encoding type II integral membrane proteins on human natural killer cells | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 173 | issue = 4 | pages = 1017–20 | date = Apr 1991 | pmid = 2007850 | pmc = 2190798 | doi = 10.1084/jem.173.4.1017 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yabe T, McSherry C, Bach FH, Fisch P, Schall RP, Sondel PM, Houchins JP | title = A multigene family on human chromosome 12 encodes natural killer-cell lectins | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 455–60 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8436421 | doi = 10.1007/BF00222470 | s2cid = 27350036 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Houchins JP, Lanier LL, Niemi EC, Phillips JH, Ryan JC | title = Natural killer cell cytolytic activity is inhibited by NKG2-A and activated by NKG2-C | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 158 | issue = 8 | pages = 3603–9 | date = Apr 1997 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3603 | pmid = 9103421 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Braud VM, Allan DS, O'Callaghan CA, Söderström K, D'Andrea A, Ogg GS, Lazetic S, Young NT, Bell JI, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, McMichael AJ | title = HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C | journal = Nature | volume = 391 | issue = 6669 | pages = 795–9 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9486650 | doi = 10.1038/35869 | bibcode = 1998Natur.391..795B | s2cid = 4379457 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lanier LL, Corliss B, Wu J, Phillips JH | title = Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptors | journal = Immunity | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 693–701 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9655483 | doi = 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80574-9 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Glienke J, Sobanov Y, Brostjan C, Steffens C, Nguyen C, Lehrach H, Hofer E, Francis F | title = The genomic organization of NKG2C, E, F, and D receptor genes in the human natural killer gene complex | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 48 | issue = 3 | pages = 163–73 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9683661 | doi = 10.1007/s002510050420 | s2cid = 22585415 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ding Y, Sumitran S, Holgersson J | title = Direct binding of purified HLA class I antigens by soluble NKG2/CD94 C-type lectins from natural killer cells | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Immunology | volume = 49 | issue = 5 | pages = 459–65 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10320637 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00566.x | s2cid = 28500838 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Khakoo SI, Rajalingam R, Shum BP, Weidenbach K, Flodin L, Muir DG, Canavez F, Cooper SL, Valiante NM, Lanier LL, Parham P | title = Rapid evolution of NK cell receptor systems demonstrated by comparison of chimpanzees and humans | journal = Immunity | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 687–98 | date = Jun 2000 | pmid = 10894168 | doi = 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80219-8 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Shum BP, Flodin LR, Muir DG, Rajalingam R, Khakoo SI, Cleland S, Guethlein LA, Uhrberg M, Parham P | title = Conservation and variation in human and common chimpanzee CD94 and NKG2 genes | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 168 | issue = 1 | pages = 240–52 | date = Jan 2002 | pmid = 11751968 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.240 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Hikami K, Tsuchiya N, Yabe T, Tokunaga K | title = Variations of human killer cell lectin-like receptors: common occurrence of NKG2-C deletion in the general population | journal = Genes and Immunity | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 160–7 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12618865 | doi = 10.1038/sj.gene.6363940 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Miyashita R, Tsuchiya N, Hikami K, Kuroki K, Fukazawa T, Bijl M, Kallenberg CG, Hashimoto H, Yabe T, Tokunaga K | title = Molecular genetic analyses of human NKG2C (KLRC2) gene deletion | journal = International Immunology | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–8 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14688071 | doi = 10.1093/intimm/dxh013 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ortega C, Romero P, Palma A, Orta T, Peña J, García-Vinuesa A, Molina IJ, Santamaría M | title = Role for NKG2-A and NKG2-C surface receptors in chronic CD4+ T-cell responses | journal = Immunology and Cell Biology | volume = 82 | issue = 6 | pages = 587–95 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15550116 | doi = 10.1111/j.0818-9641.2004.01284.x | s2cid = 2275210 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Gumá M, Busch LK, Salazar-Fontana LI, Bellosillo B, Morte C, García P, López-Botet M | title = The CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor constitutes an alternative activation pathway for a subset of CD8+ T cells | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 35 | issue = 7 | pages = 2071–80 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 15940674 | doi = 10.1002/eji.200425843 | s2cid = 19284874 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}}

Category:Clusters of differentiation