{{Short description|Annual event of the National Hockey League}} {{Mdy|date=May 2024|cs1-dates=ly}}
The '''NHL draft combine''', also called the '''NHL scouting combine''', is an annual event for prospective players of the National Hockey League (NHL). Prior to the NHL entry draft, the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, which manages the event, invites about 100 prospects to the combine. At the combine, prospects participate in medical testing, fitness testing, and interviews. The combine is hosted in Buffalo, New York; it previously took place near Toronto.
The combine has seen many changes since it was first held in 1994, especially to its physical fitness tests. Psychological testing began in 2007. The combine has further changed throughout the 2020s. In 2020 and 2021, it was not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022, Russian prospects in Russia have not been invited due to the country's invasion of Ukraine. The 2025 combine was of increased importance for trade discussions, as that year's entry draft was held virtually.
Many teams see interviews as especially important for assessing players; teams and prospects alike prepare for the interview process, which may include psychological assessment. Outside of the combine, teams may request that prospects complete further testing or interviews. Teams are not allowed to test prospects prior to the combine; the Arizona Coyotes were sanctioned in 2020 for doing so.
The combine has no on-ice testing, a decision that has been criticized by some researchers, fans, and team staff. Researchers and teams have varying assessments of the combine's effectiveness in identifying successful NHL players, noting variation by player position and the specific usefulness of the VO2 max test and the Wingate test.
== History == In 1994, the NHL Central Scouting Bureau held the first draft combine with 77 forwards, 49 defencemen, and 6 goaltenders.<ref name="Sportsnet_evolution">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/the-evolution-of-the-nhl-draft-combine/|title=The evolution of the NHL Draft Combine|last=Joyce|first=Gare|publisher=Rogers Media|date=June 4, 2015|website=Sportsnet.ca|accessdate=May 10, 2024}}</ref> It was hosted in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, near Toronto.<ref name="NY_Times_hist">{{Cite news |last=Higgins |first=Matt |date=2015-06-08 |title=Questions Begin at Third Draft Slot as Top Prospects Perform at Combine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/08/sports/hockey/questions-begin-at-third-draft-slot-as-top-prospects-perform-at-combine.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510194710/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/08/sports/hockey/questions-begin-at-third-draft-slot-as-top-prospects-perform-at-combine.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In Mississauga, combine events were held in a hotel and the International Centre conference center; fitness tests took place in the ballroom, and interviews in hotel rooms.<ref name="theathletic-a">{{Cite web |last=Sapurji |first=Sunaya |title=How prospects prepare for the NHL Draft Combine and what it's like to take the dreaded VO2 Max test |url=https://theathletic.com/1005104/2019/06/03/how-prospects-prepare-for-the-nhl-draft-combine-and-what-its-like-to-take-the-dreaded-vo2-max-test/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Athletic |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510200937/https://theathletic.com/1005104/2019/06/03/how-prospects-prepare-for-the-nhl-draft-combine-and-what-its-like-to-take-the-dreaded-vo2-max-test/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="goerie" /><ref name="theathletic">{{Cite web |last=Godin |first=Marc Antoine |title=How the NHL combine has entered the information age like never before |url=https://theathletic.com/379313/2018/06/04/how-the-nhl-combine-has-entered-the-information-age-like-never-before/ |accessdate=May 10, 2024 |website=The Athletic |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510202100/https://theathletic.com/379313/2018/06/04/how-the-nhl-combine-has-entered-the-information-age-like-never-before/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Early draft combines received little media attention.<ref name="Sportsnet_evolution" />
After the death of Central Scouting director E. J. McGuire in 2011, Dan Marr took on the role and began overseeing the combine.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20140606">{{Cite news |last=McKenna |first=Ken |date=2014-06-06 |title=2014 NHL Combine Video: Dan Marr, NHL Central Scouting |url=https://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/108819/2014-nhl-combine-video-dan-marr-nhl-central-scouting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815163636/https://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/108819/2014-nhl-combine-video-dan-marr-nhl-central-scouting/ |archive-date=2020-08-15 |access-date=2025-07-23 |work=Hockey's Future}}</ref> Marr had previously directed scouting and player development for the Atlanta Thrashers.<ref name="nytimes-20250607">{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Eric |date=2025-06-07 |title=How the NHL Scouting Combine has grown and evolved: From hotel ballrooms to VO2-max tests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6409164/2025/06/07/nhl-scouting-combine-history/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In 2015, the combine moved to First Niagara Center (now the KeyBank Center) and Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York, after the Buffalo Sabres submitted a bid in 2014.<ref name="buffalonews-20140601">{{Cite web |last=Vogl |first=John |date=2014-06-01 |title=HarborCenter hopes to land NHL Scouting Combine |url=https://buffalonews.com/sports/sabres/harborcenter-hopes-to-land-nhl-scouting-combine/article_bf540e95-c7a3-5392-8872-0302c4a389ac.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Buffalo News |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021037/https://buffalonews.com/sports/sabres/harborcenter-hopes-to-land-nhl-scouting-combine/article_bf540e95-c7a3-5392-8872-0302c4a389ac.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NY_Times_hist" /><ref name="goerie">{{Cite web |title=NHL combine move to Buffalo prompts on-ice testing proposal |url=https://www.goerie.com/story/sports/nhl/2015/06/07/nhl-combine-move-to-buffalo/24859343007/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Erie Times-News |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510201513/https://www.goerie.com/story/sports/nhl/2015/06/07/nhl-combine-move-to-buffalo/24859343007/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nhl-20150408">{{Cite web |title=NHL Scouting Combine features new look, location |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=761694 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=NHL |language=en |archive-date=2015-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215052918/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=761694 |url-status=dead |last=Morreale|first=Mike G.|date=2015-04-08}}</ref> A key point of the Sabres' bid was the promise of on-ice testing,<ref name="buffalonews-20140601" /> though this never materialized. The NHL initially agreed to allow the Sabres to host the combine for two years,<ref name="nhl-20150607">{{Cite news |last=Yerdon |first=Joe |date=2015-06-07 |title=Buffalo leaves lasting impression as setting for 2015 NHL Scouting Combine |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=770086 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610061810/http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=770086 |archive-date=2015-06-10 |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=NHL}}</ref> and the combine has continued to be hosted in Buffalo.<ref name="nytimes-20250607" /> Proposals to move the combine have failed, with Buffalo's proximity to Toronto being cited as a logistical advantage.<ref name="nytimes-20250607" />
In 2020 and 2021, the combine was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, though many teams held virtual interviews.<ref name="patriotledger">{{Cite web |last=Loftus |first=Mike |title=Norwell's Drew Commesso hopes to hear his name called early in the NHL Draft |url=https://www.patriotledger.com/story/sports/pro/2020/10/06/norwells-drew-commesso-hopes-to-hear-his-name-called-early-in-nhl-draft/42730151/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Patriot Ledger |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510213629/https://www.patriotledger.com/story/sports/pro/2020/10/06/norwells-drew-commesso-hopes-to-hear-his-name-called-early-in-nhl-draft/42730151/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Central Scouting introduced an app for players to access their profile and schedule.<ref name="nhl-20230601">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=Scouting Combine discussed on 'NHL Draft Class' podcast |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/scouting-combine-discussed-on-nhl-draft-class-podcast-344666608 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=NHL |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510195915/https://www.nhl.com/news/scouting-combine-discussed-on-nhl-draft-class-podcast-344666608 |url-status=live }}</ref> As one of few events bringing together executives from all NHL teams, the combine is also an opportunity for general managers to begin arranging possible trades for the upcoming draft.<ref name="yahoo-20230611">{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Ian |date=2023-06-11 |title=NHL scouting combine takeaways: Bedard comparisons, fitness standouts, Michkov absent |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/nhl-scouting-combine-takeaways-bedard-macdavid-fantilli-draft-2023-183744115.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="espn-20250611">{{Cite web |last=Doerrie |first=Rachel |date=2025-06-11 |title=Whose NHL draft stock rose, declined at the scouting combine? |url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/45488173/nhl-2025-draft-top-prospects-scouting-combine-notes-best-players-buzz |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=ESPN.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727190427/https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/45488173/nhl-2025-draft-top-prospects-scouting-combine-notes-best-players-buzz |url-status=live }}</ref> With the "decentralized" 2025 draft—which teams attended virtually—the combine became a more active site for these discussions.<ref name="espn-20250611" /><ref name="coloradohockeynow-20250602">{{Cite web |last=Deen |first=Aarif |date=2025-06-02 |title=Deen’s Daily: Barkov Wins Selke; Can Avs Handle Business at Draft Combine? |url=https://coloradohockeynow.com/2025/06/02/deens-daily-barkov-wins-selke-can-avs-handle-business-at-draft-combine/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Colorado Hockey Now |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727193306/https://coloradohockeynow.com/2025/06/02/deens-daily-barkov-wins-selke-can-avs-handle-business-at-draft-combine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nytimes-20250607" />
== Selection == Each year, top prospects are invited to the combine. While the exact number of players invited has changed over time, the NHL Central Scouting Bureau usually invites about 100 prospects each year.<ref name="nhl-c">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Central Scouting |url=https://link.nhl.com/centralscouting/public/ |archive-url=https://archive.ph/Wxbo6 |archive-date=2022-06-05 |website=NHL Central Scouting}}</ref><ref name="nhl-20090409">{{Cite web |last=Kimelman |first=Adam |date=2009-04-09 |title=Invitations for the NHL Scouting Combine are out |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/invitations-for-the-nhl-scouting-combine-are-out/c-417461 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411030339/https://www.nhl.com/news/invitations-for-the-nhl-scouting-combine-are-out/c-417461 |archive-date=2021-04-11 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=NHL |language=en-US}}</ref> Central Scouting publishes rankings for players eligible for the upcoming draft; players invited to the combine are all ranked.<ref name="nhl-20250601">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-01 |title=Schaefer, Frondell, Hagens set for NHL Scouting Combine spotlight |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/schaefer-frondell-hagens-headline-2025-nhl-scouting-combine |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL |archive-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727185932/https://www.nhl.com/news/schaefer-frondell-hagens-headline-2025-nhl-scouting-combine |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, 120 players were invited to the combine; Central Scouting chose about 75, and NHL teams and scouting directors voted on the rest.<ref name="nhl-20150408" /> Dan Marr, director of Central Scouting, has said: "Our goal is to have players at the combine that the teams want to interview."<ref name="nhl-20150408" /> Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian prospects playing in Russia have not been invited to the combine.<ref name="theathletic-d">{{Cite web |last=Masisak |first=Corey |title=What we're hearing about the Sharks and the NHL Draft at the scouting combine |url=https://theathletic.com/4600060/2023/06/11/sharks-2023-nhl-draft-pick/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Athletic |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510213125/https://theathletic.com/4600060/2023/06/11/sharks-2023-nhl-draft-pick/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="theathletic-c">{{Cite web |last=Godin |first=Arpon Basu and Marc Antoine |title=Basu and Godin: What we heard at the NHL Combine about the Canadiens |url=https://theathletic.com/3350951/2022/06/06/basu-and-godin-canadiens-information-was-floating-around-at-the-nhl-combine-heres-what-we-heard/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> == Structure == The combine is typically held in June. Since 2015, the combine has been held in Buffalo, New York.<ref name="nhl-20150607" /> The structure of the combine—in both activities and schedule—has changed over the years.<ref name="nhl-20150408" /> During the 2025 combine, interviews took place June 2–6, medical examinations on June 4, the VO2 max test on June 6, and other fitness tests on June 7.<ref name="nhl-20250601" /> The combine is not open to the public, though media attend.<ref name="nytimes-20250607" />
Central Scouting directors McGuire and Marr both visited the NFL Scouting Combine to observe its use of physical and medical testing.<ref name="nytimes-20250607" /> Marr leads a committee with two general managers, two assistant general managers, and two scouting directors; the combine is also reviewed by a committee of teams' strength and conditioning coaches.<ref name="espn-20190528-a">{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Chris |date=2019-05-28 |title=Why don't prospects skate at the NHL combine? |url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/insider/story/_/id/26833942/why-prospects-skate-nhl-combine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.ph/7I2x5#selection-14567.0-14571.346 |archive-date=2025-07-25 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> From 1994 to 2014, the fitness testing was overseen by kinesiologist Norman Gledhill of York University.<ref name="buffalonews-20140601" /><ref name="nhl-20140526" />
=== Medical tests === Physical examinations are intended to detect persistent injuries, history of concussions, and cardiovascular issues such as cardiomyopathy.<ref name="theglobeandmail-20120823">{{Cite news |last=Priest |first=Lisa |date=2012-08-23 |title=Behind the scenes at NHL draft picks' medical tests |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/behind-the-scenes-at-nhl-draf |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> Echocardiograms, intended to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, were introduced in 2009.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20090601">{{Cite web |last=Treff |first=Leslie |date=2009-06-01 |title=2009 NHL Draft Combine recap |url=http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/11244/2009_nhl_draft_combine_recap |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707072830/http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/11244/2009_nhl_draft_combine_recap |archive-date=2009-07-07 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Hockey's Future}}</ref><ref name="theglobeandmail-20100528">{{Cite news |date=2010-05-28 |title=Behind the scenes at NHL draft picks' medical tests |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/behind-the-scenes-at-nhl-draft-picks-medical-tests/article4321232/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021037/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/behind-the-scenes-at-nhl-draft-picks-medical-tests/article4321232/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Medical testing precedes fitness testing, and prospects must receive approval from the NHL Combine medical staff to participate in the latter.<ref name="nhl-20140526">{{Cite web |title=NHL Combine gives teams full scope of top prospects for 2014 NHL Draft |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=720546 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=NHL |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021031/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=720546 |url-status=dead |date=2014-05-26|last=Morreale|first=Mike G}}</ref> Prospects are also tested on hand–eye coordination.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20110610" />
In 2007, the combine began conducting psychological testing of prospects.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20070603">{{Cite web |last=Treff |first=Leslie |date=2007-06-03 |title=2007 NHL Draft Combine review |url=http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/9703 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606065917/http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/9703 |archive-date=2007-06-06 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Hockey's Future}}</ref> This testing was administered by Exact Sports, which also directed fitness testing at some combines.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20070603" /><ref name="hockeysfuture-20080601">{{Cite web |last=Treff |first=Leslie |date=2008-06-01 |title=2008 NHL Combine review |url=http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/10381/2008_nhl_combine_review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605004803/http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/10381/2008_nhl_combine_review/ |archive-date=2008-06-05 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Hockey's Future}}</ref><ref name="hockeysfuture-20110610">{{Cite web |last=Treff |first=Leslie |date=2011-06-10 |title=2011 Draft: More changes possibly in store for NHL combine |url=http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/13113/2011_draft_more_changes_possibly_in_store_for_nhl_combine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714041241/http://www.hockeysfuture.com/articles/13113/2011_draft_more_changes_possibly_in_store_for_nhl_combine |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Hockey's Future}}</ref> Conducted on a computer in a supervised quiet room, the test took approximately an hour to complete. The first part was a personality test that evaluated traits such as mental toughness and coachability.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20070603" /> The second part was a cognitive test, measuring "spatial awareness, decision speed, decision accuracy, concentration, and rates of mental fatigue."<ref name="hockeysfuture-20070603" /> To allow for comparison of scores under different conditions, an abbreviated version of the cognitive test was administered immediately after prospects' fitness testing.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20070603" />
=== Fitness tests === ==== Body composition ==== Prospects' height (barefoot) and wingspan (middle finger tip to middle finger tip) are measured to the nearest quarter inch.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610">{{Cite web |title=2023 NHL Combine results: Top 10 prospects in every drill |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/2023-nhl-combine-results-top-10-prospects-in-every-drill/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Sportsnet |language= |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510215110/https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/2023-nhl-combine-results-top-10-prospects-in-every-drill/ |url-status=live |date=2023-06-10}}</ref><ref name="inquirer-20220601">{{Cite web |last=Han |first=Giana |date=2022-06-01 |title=NHL draft combine: Previewing each test the top prospects will be put through this week |url=https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/nhl-draft-combine-physical-testing-flyers-20220601.html |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Inquirer.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610035845/https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/nhl-draft-combine-physical-testing-flyers-20220601.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Body fat percentage is also measured using calipers.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="lww-2008">{{Cite journal |last=Burr |first=Jaime F. |last2=Jamnik |first2=Roni K. |last3=Baker |first3=Joseph |last4=Macpherson |first4=Alison |last5=Gledhill |first5=Norman |last6=McGuire |first6=E. J. |date=2008 |title=Relationship of Physical Fitness Test Results and Hockey Playing Potential in Elite-Level Ice Hockey Players |url=https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2008/09000/relationship_of_physical_fitness_test_results_and.20.aspx |journal=The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research |language=en-US |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=1535 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181ac20 |issn=1064-8011 |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711185149/https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2008/09000/relationship_of_physical_fitness_test_results_and.20.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Weight is measured to the nearest 0.1{{nbsp}}pound.<ref name="lww-2008" /> The BodPod (an air displacement plethysmography system) measures body composition.<ref name="lww-2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Chiarlitti |first1=Nathan A. |last2=Delisle-Houde |first2=Patrick |last3=Reid |first3=Ryan E. R. |last4=Kennedy |first4=Cory |last5=Andersen |first5=Ross E. |date=2018 |title=Importance of Body Composition in the National Hockey League Combine Physiological Assessments |url=https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/FullText/2018/11000/Importance_of_Body_Composition_in_the_National.17.aspx |journal=The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research |language=en-US |volume=32 |issue=11 |pages=3135–3142 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0000000000002309 |issn=1064-8011 |pmid=29065054 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |access-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510230446/https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/FullText/2018/11000/Importance_of_Body_Composition_in_the_National.17.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Grip strength ==== A hand-grip dynamometer tests the grip strength of both hands while the arm is fully extended.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="nhl-2015">{{Cite report |url=http://avalanche.nhl.com/v2/ext/draft/2015/Combine/2015_Combine_Fitness_Test_Event_Summary_FINAL.pdf |title=2015 Combine Fitness Test Event Summary |date=2015 |publisher=NHL |access-date=2014-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614183554/http://avalanche.nhl.com/v2/ext/draft/2015/Combine/2015_Combine_Fitness_Test_Event_Summary_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2016-06-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==== Aerobic fitness (VO2 max) ==== Prospects' aerobic fitness is measured via VO2 max.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /> Wearing a heart rate monitor and a mask to monitor oxygen utilization, the prospect must maintain a minimum number of revolutions per minute (RPM).<ref name="espn-20190528">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-28 |title=Guide to the NHL scouting combine: What to expect from each test |url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/23639169/guide-nhl-scouting-combine-expect-test |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=ESPN.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193741/https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/23639169/guide-nhl-scouting-combine-expect-test |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nhl-2015" /> Prospects are allowed to stand while pedaling.<ref name="nhl-2015" /> Resistance increases over the course of the test. The test concludes when the prospect fails to maintain the requisite RPM, or if the prospect experiences chest pain or difficulty breathing.<ref name="inquirer-20220601" /><ref name="nhl-2015" /> After the test, prospects complete a two-minute cool-down, during which their heart rate recovery is monitored.<ref name="nhl-2015" /> Prospects may feel sick or vomit after the test.<ref name="theathletic-a" />
==== Anaerobic fitness (Wingate test) ==== Prospects' anaerobic fitness is measured via the Wingate Cycle Ergometer Test, which is conducted on a stationary bicycle.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /> Considered "one of the most notorious and feared tests of the combine",<ref name="espn-20190528" /><ref name="inquirer-20220601" /> the Wingate test is intended to measure a prospect's "explosive" leg power and fatigue.<ref name="inquirer-20220601" /><ref name="theelmonters">{{Cite web |last=Rosner |first=Stefen |title=NHL Combine Fitness Tests: What They Measure |url=https://www.theelmonters.com/p/nhl-combine-fitness-tests-schaefer-misa-hagens |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=www.theelmonters.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624021128/https://www.theelmonters.com/p/nhl-combine-fitness-tests-schaefer-misa-hagens |url-status=live }}</ref> Prospects receive strong verbal encouragement while completing the test.<ref name="rissjournal-20220113">{{Cite journal |last1=Schleper |first1=Alexander |last2=Ewharekuko-Rempel |first2=Meaghan |last3=Scribbans |first3=Trisha |last4=Anzalone |first4=Robert |last5=Villar |first5=Rodrigo |date=2022-01-13 |title=Effects of Dynamic Warm-Up on Anaerobic Performance: A Randomized, Counterbalanced, and Cross-Over Study |url=https://rissjournal.org/en/effects-of-dynamic-warm-up-on-anaerobic-performance-a-randomized-counterbalanced-and-cross-over-study-13248 |journal=Research in Sports Science |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=39–46 |doi=10.5152/rss.2021.21007 |archive-date=2025-06-10 |access-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610041151/https://rissjournal.org/en/effects-of-dynamic-warm-up-on-anaerobic-performance-a-randomized-counterbalanced-and-cross-over-study-13248 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="thehockeywriters-20230610">{{Cite web |last=Bay |first=Jim |date=2023-06-10 |title=The Most Grueling Prospect Test at the NHL Combine |url=https://thehockeywriters.com/most-grueling-prospect-test-nhl-combine/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=The Hockey Writers |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610034325/https://thehockeywriters.com/most-grueling-prospect-test-nhl-combine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prospects may feel sick or vomit after the test.<ref name="espn-20190528" /><ref name="nytimes-20250531">{{Cite news |last=Shinzawa |first=Fluto |date=2025-05-31 |title=How NHL combine participants prep for their 'biggest job interview': Wingate, weighted chin-ups, more |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6377797/2025/05/31/nhl-draft-scouting-combine-preparation/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610041151/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6377797/2025/05/31/nhl-draft-scouting-combine-preparation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Spiegel |first=Jackie |title=NHL draft combine: Top prospects wrap up testing, here’s how the final day went |url=https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/nhl-draft-combine-flyers-william-horcoff-anton-frondell-james-hagens-20250607.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607235359/https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/nhl-draft-combine-flyers-william-horcoff-anton-frondell-james-hagens-20250607.html |date=2025-06-07 |archive-date=2025-06-07 |access-date=2025-07-21 |work=Inquirer.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
Prior to the 2018 combine, prospects had to cycle for 30{{nbsp}}seconds with increasing resistance.<ref name="espn-20190528" /> Prospects would warm up for two minutes at low resistance, then sprint for 30{{Nbsp}}seconds with resistance of 7.5%<ref name="rissjournal-20220113" /> or 9%<ref name="lww-2008" /> of their body weight.
Beginning in 2018, the total testing period was 45{{Nbsp}}seconds: 10{{Nbsp}}seconds of cycling followed by alternating 5-second intervals of rest and cycling.<ref name="espn-20190528" /><ref name="nhl-20180602">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-02 |title=NHL Scouting Combine, Day Six: History made by prospect from England |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/2018-scouting-combine-what-we-learned-298899554 |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL |archive-date=2025-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723012823/https://www.nhl.com/news/2018-scouting-combine-what-we-learned-298899554 |url-status=live }}</ref> The changed format was intended to better resemble a prospect's performance in an on-ice shift.<ref name="theathletic" /> The test is preceded by a two-minute warm-up period.<ref name="nhl-20230610">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=2023 NHL Combine Fitness Testing Breakdown |url=https://www.nhl.com/avalanche/news/2023-nhl-combine-fitness-testing-breakdown-344806364 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Colorado Avalanche}}</ref><ref name="nhl">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Wingate Cycle Ergometer Test |url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/wingate-cycle |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610034223/https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/wingate-cycle |url-status=live }}</ref> Revolutions are recorded for the 5-second cycling intervals, and "power output is calculated for both the peak five second period and the 30 second duration";<ref name="nhl-20230610" /><ref name="nhl" /> this measurement method was also used prior to 2018.<ref name="nhl-2015" /> The resistance remains constant throughout the test.<ref name="thehockeywriters-20230610" /> For the 2023 combine, resistance was set at 9% of the prospect's body weight.<ref name="thehockeywriters-20230610" />
==== Jumping ==== Prospects are measured on their horizontal and vertical jumping abilities.
In the standing long jump (also called the horizontal jump), prospects begin standing still and jump forward as far as they can. They are allowed to use their arms to assist the movement.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="inquirer-20220601" /> The standing long jump was added in 1998.<ref name="nhl-d">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Horizontal Jump|url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/horizontal-jump |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records }}</ref>
A force plate measures a prospect's direction, strength, and timing during three jump types: a standard vertical jump with arm swing, a vertical jump with hands on hips, and a squat jump. Prospects are allowed three attempts for each jump type, and their highest jump is recorded.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /> The test is intended to measure a prospect's ground reaction force.<ref name="nhl-20230610" /> The force plate was introduced in 2015.<ref name="nhl-20150607" /><ref name="nhl-e">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Force Plate Vertical Jump |url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/vertical-jump |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records }}</ref>
==== Bench press ==== Prospects bench press 50% of their body weight for three repetitions. Starting with arms fully extended, they lower the barbell to their chest, pause, and push it upward rapidly. The power (watts/kilogram) and velocity of each attempt is recorded using a linear positional transducer for velocity based training.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="nhl-a">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Bench Press |url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/bench-press |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records |archive-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727023744/https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/bench-press |url-status=live }}</ref> The prospect's best score, measured in watts/kilogram, is reported.<ref name="nhl-a" />
The test's current format, measuring velocity at 50% body weight, began in 2018.<ref name="nhl-20180602" /> The test was changed to give teams "more information to work with than just brute strength", according to Marr.<ref name="theathletic" /> In 2015, the test measured the maximum amount of repetitions at 70–80% of the prospect's body weight.<ref name="nhl-2015" /> Before that, the test measured the maximum amount of repetitions of a 150-pound bench press at a pace of 25 repetitions per minute.<ref name="lww-2008" />
==== Functional movement screen ==== The functional movement screen (FMS) was introduced to the combine in 2013.<ref name="nhl-b">{{Cite web |title=Combine test could provide red flag for injuries |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=671816 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=NHL |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021032/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=671816 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="journal">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowan |first1=Chip P. |last2=Kuropkat |first2=Christiane |last3=Gumieniak |first3=Robert J. |last4=Gledhill |first4=Norman |last5=Jamnik |first5=Veronica K. |date=May 2015 |title=Integration of the functional movement screen into the National Hockey League Combine |journal=Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=1163–1171 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0000000000000757 |issn=1533-4287 |pmid=25719918}}</ref> In the functional movement screen, prospects complete seven tests of their mobility and stability to determine functional limitations or asymmetries. The seven tests evaluate the prospects' deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability pushup, and rotary stability. For each test, they receive a score, 0–3, which accumulates to a final score out of 21.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="inquirer-20220601" /> Lower scores may indicate risk of future injury.<ref name="nhl-b" /> In the 2013 combine, the mean total score was 15.2. The highest-scoring category was the trunk stability push-up, with 68% receiving a 3; the lowest-scoring category was the rotary stability task, with 1% receiving a 3.<ref name="journal" />
Prospects may be unable to start or complete the FMS test due to acute musculoskeletal injury.<ref name="journal" />
==== Agility (shuttle run) ==== Prospects complete two 5–10–5-yard shuttle runs—one to the left, and one to the right. Also called ''pro-agility'', this test has been conducted since 2014.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /><ref name="nhl-f">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Pro Agility Test |url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/pro-agility-test |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records }}</ref> Prospects' agility was previously tested via the hexagon agility test,<ref name="lww-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Nightingale |first=Steven C. |last2=Miller |first2=Stuart |last3=Turner |first3=Anthony |date=2013 |title=The Usefulness and Reliability of Fitness Testing Protocols for Ice Hockey Players: A Literature Review |url=https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2013/06000/The_Usefulness_and_Reliability_of_Fitness_Testing.34.aspx |journal=The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research |language=en-US |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=1742 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736948 |issn=1064-8011 |archive-date=2025-07-25 |access-date=2025-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725001049/https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2013/06000/The_Usefulness_and_Reliability_of_Fitness_Testing.34.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> in which prospects hopped with feet together around a hexagon in each direction, and their completion time was recorded.<ref name="lww-2007">{{Cite journal |last=Farlinger |first=Chris M. |last2=Kruisselbrink |first2=L. Darren |last3=Fowles |first3=Jonathon R. |date=2007 |title=Relationships to Skating Performance in Competitive Hockey Players |url=https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/2007/08000/relationships_to_skating_performance_in.44.aspx |journal=The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research |language= |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=915 |issn=1064-8011}}</ref>
==== Pull-up ==== Maintaining correct technique, the prospects complete as many pull-ups as they can.<ref name="sportsnet-20230610" /> Added in 2014,<ref name="inquirer-20220601" /><ref name="nhl-g">{{Cite news |title=Prospects Samuel Bennett and Kasperi Kapanen experience highs and lows at NHL Scouting Combine |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=721356 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023172413/http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=721356 |archive-date=2015-10-23 |access-date=2025-07-27 |work=NHL.com}}</ref> the test is intended to assess prospects' forearm and upper arm flexor muscular strength, endurance, and core stability.<ref name="nhl-h">{{Cite web |title=Combine - Pull Ups |url=https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/pull-ups |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=NHL Records |archive-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727025343/https://records.nhl.com/draft/combine/pull-ups |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Y-balance ==== The Y-balance test was added in 2015.<ref name="nhl-20150607" /><ref name="nhl-20150606">{{Cite news |last=Kimelman |first=Adam |date=2015-06-06 |title=Wingate, balance test offer challenges for prospects |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/blogpost.htm?id=40131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607152646/http://www.nhl.com/ice/blogpost.htm?id=40131 |archive-date=2015-06-07 |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=NHL}}</ref> In the test, which seeks to simulate a skating stride,<ref name="nhl-20150606" /> the prospect stands on one leg and extends the other leg in three different directions.<ref name="inquirer-20220601" /> The test is intended to identify prospects who are "at greater risk for lower extremity injury".<ref name="inquirer-20220601" />
=== Interviews === In addition to physical testing, prospects are interviewed by teams interested in them.<ref name="theathletic-b" /> Interviews take place in 15–20 minute blocks.<ref name="theathletic-b">{{Cite web |last=Dayal |first=Harman |title=What is an NHL draft prospect interview actually like? The secrets behind the process |url=https://theathletic.com/4602483/2023/06/12/nhl-draft-prospects-2023/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nhl-20100525">{{Cite web |title=Combine testing gives teams a feel for prospects |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=530130 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=NHL |language= |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510194352/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=530130 |url-status=live |date=2010-05-25|last=Kimelman|first=Adam}}</ref><ref name="hockeysfuture-20090601" /><ref name="espn-20250611" /> Teams vary in their approach to interviews. Interviewers may include the general manager, scouts, advisors, and psychologists.<ref name="theathletic-b" /><ref name="espn-20250611" /> Sometimes, the team's president or owner will participate.<ref name="espn-20190528" /> The NHL can provide interpreters for players who are not comfortable with their English-speaking abilities.<ref name="theathletic-b" /> Some players also take part in dinner meetings; teams usually take 3–4 players to dinner during the combine week.<ref name="thehockeynews-20230626">{{Cite web |last=Doerrie |first=Rachel |date=2023-06-26 |title=NHL Draft Mailbag: What Goes On Behind the Scenes |url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/nhl-draft-mailbag-what-goes-on-behind-the-scenes |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Hockey News |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524045711/https://thehockeynews.com/news/nhl-draft-mailbag-what-goes-on-behind-the-scenes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="espn-20250611" /> In 2018, the Detroit Red Wings took about 20 players to dinner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Helene St |title=Detroit Red Wings use draft combine, steak dinner to size up prospects |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red-wings/2018/06/02/red-wings-draft-possibilities-steak-dinner-combine/666150002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510201209/https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red-wings/2018/06/02/red-wings-draft-possibilities-steak-dinner-combine/666150002/ |date=2018-06-02 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Detroit Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref>
According to Elite Prospects, interviews have increasingly been characterized by "custom psychological assessments, tailored interview strategies, and scripted hypotheticals designed to disarm rehearsed responses".<ref name="eliteprospects-20250606" /> Prospects are trained on how to answer questions, often by their agents.<ref name="inquirer-20220603">{{Cite web |last=Han |first=Giana |date=2022-06-03 |title=NHL draft combine: Math quizzes, silly questions and character vetting — inside a prospect's interview with the Flyers |url=https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/flyers-nhl-draft-combine-interviews-20220603.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Philadelphia Inquirer |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510194626/https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/flyers-nhl-draft-combine-interviews-20220603.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="theathletic-b" /><ref name="hockeysfuture-20110610" /><ref name="eliteprospects-20250606">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Cam |date=2025-06-06 |title=The Evolution of the NHL Draft Combine: From Muscle to Mind and Why it Matters |url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/news/nhl/the-evolution-of-the-nhl-draft-combine-from-muscle-to-mind-and-why-it-matters |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Elite Prospects |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610041151/https://www.eliteprospects.com/news/nhl/the-evolution-of-the-nhl-draft-combine-from-muscle-to-mind-and-why-it-matters |url-status=live }}</ref> Interviews often include a set of general questions about the prospect's history, style of play, and personality.<ref name="theathletic-b" /><ref name="sportsnet-20230612">{{Cite web |title=Scout's Analysis: Observations from the 2023 NHL Draft Combine |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/scouts-analysis-observations-from-the-2023-nhl-draft-combine/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Sportsnet |date=2023-06-12|last=Bukala|first=Jason|last2=Cosentino|first2=Sam}}</ref> European players may be asked about their contract status in their home league.<ref name="sportsnet-20230612" /> Prospects may be asked to analyze a video of their own game, or of the team's.<ref name="sportsnet-20230612" /><ref name="espn-20250611" /><ref name="theathletic-b" /> Questions are usually centered around prospects' on-ice performance, and interviewers may try to ask difficult questions to see how players react when challenged.<ref name="espn-20190528" /><ref name="theathletic-b" /><ref name="inquirer-20220603" /> Interviews are also used to assess a prospect's character and ability to fit into the team's culture.<ref name="startribune">{{Cite web |last=Russo |first=Michael |title=NHL prospects do it all but dance |url=https://www.startribune.com/nhl-prospects-do-it-all-but-dance/124138114/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021031/https://www.startribune.com/nhl-prospects-do-it-all-but-dance/124138114/ |date=2011-06-19 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Star Tribune |agency=The Canadian Press}}</ref><ref name="inquirer-20220603" /><ref name="inquirer-a">{{Cite news |last=Spiegel |first=Jackie |title=Q&A: Brent Flahr on the Flyers’ draft strategy, the strength of this year’s center class, and the combine |url=https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/brent-flahr-2025-nhl-draft-strategy-centers-goalies-combine-20250604.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604091816/https://www.inquirer.com/flyers/brent-flahr-2025-nhl-draft-strategy-centers-goalies-combine-20250604.html |date=2025-06-04 |archive-date=2025-06-04 |access-date=2025-07-27 |work=Inquirer.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Some teams, such as the Montreal Canadiens, have asked unusual questions like: "What kind of animal would you be?"<ref name="theathletic-b" /><ref name="cbc-20230610">{{Cite news |last=Clipperton |first=Joshua |date=2023-06-10 |title=NHL teams, prospects have plenty to talk about at scouting combine |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl-scouting-combine-june-10-1.6872533 |access-date=2024-05-11 |work=CBC |agency=The Canadian Press}}</ref><ref name="thescore-20250622">{{Cite web |last=Wegman |first=Josh |date=2025-06-22 |title=NHL draft survey: Prospects talk player comps, strange interview questions |url=https://thescore.com/nhl/news/3297936 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=theScore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="edmontonsun-20140626">{{Cite web |url=https://edmontonsun.com/2014/06/26/interview-phase-for-nhl-prospects-has-them-answering-some-pretty-bizarre-questions |title=NHL teams ask prospects pretty bizarre questions |access-date=2024-05-24 |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524033353/https://edmontonsun.com/2014/06/26/interview-phase-for-nhl-prospects-has-them-answering-some-pretty-bizarre-questions |url-status=live |date=2014-06-26|last=Tychkowski|first=Robert|website=Edmonton Sun}}</ref><ref name="espn-20250611" />
== Assessment outside of the combine == Prior to the combine, prospects may be interviewed by regional scouts or be asked to fill out questionnaires.<ref name="espn-20250611" /><ref name="thehockeynews-20230626" /> Teams may ask prospects to complete personality assessment forms, and they may psychoanalyze prospects through these forms or via interviews run by psychologists.<ref name="theathletic" /> Psychological testing may also take place outside of the combine week.<ref name="sportsnet">{{Cite web |title=How NHL teams benefit from the Draft Combine interview process |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/nhl-teams-benefit-draft-combine-interview-process/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.sportsnet.ca |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524054006/https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/nhl-teams-benefit-draft-combine-interview-process/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="startribune" /> Daniel Tkaczuk reported that at his draft combine in 1997, some teams conducted extra physical testing, provided puzzles or IQ tests, and conducted personality tests, and one team conducted x-ray scans on him.<ref name="thehockeynews-20110605">{{Cite web |last=Tkaczuk |first=Daniel |date=2011-06-05 |title=Inside NHL draft combine interviews |url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/inside-nhl-draft-combine-interviews |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Hockey News |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510215311/https://thehockeynews.com/news/inside-nhl-draft-combine-interviews |url-status=live }}</ref>
Prospects may be individually invited to interview further or conduct more fitness testing; these meetings may include skating, which is not part of the combine.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20080601" /><ref name="hockeysfuture-20090601" /><ref name="thehockeynews-20190604">{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Ryan |date=2019-06-04 |title=The NHL Draft Combine is over – but some teams are still running tests |url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/the-nhl-draft-combine-is-over-but-some-teams-are-still-running-tests |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=The Hockey News |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021037/https://thehockeynews.com/news/the-nhl-draft-combine-is-over-but-some-teams-are-still-running-tests |url-status=live }}</ref> Teams may also request additional medical information or psychological testing from prospects they are interested in.<ref name="hockeysfuture-20110610" /><ref name="startribune" />
In 2020, the Arizona Coyotes were forced to forfeit two draft picks—their 2020 second-round pick and their 2021 first-round pick—after violating NHL policy regarding physical assessment of draft-eligible players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cluff |first=Jeremy |title=Arizona Coyotes forfeit first-round pick, second-round pick for scouting violations |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/nhl/coyotes/2020/08/26/arizona-coyotes-sanctioned-nhl-scouting-combine-violations/5635439002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021031/https://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/nhl/coyotes/2020/08/26/arizona-coyotes-sanctioned-nhl-scouting-combine-violations/5635439002/ |date=2020-08-26 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=The Arizona Republic |language=en-US}}</ref> The Coyotes had illegally conducted physical testing on draft-eligible players prior to the 2020 combine.<ref name="espn-20200826">{{Cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Emily |date=2020-08-26 |title=Coyotes forfeit two draft picks for combine testing violations |url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/29746833/coyotes-forfeit-two-draft-picks-combine-testing-violations |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> The NHL does not allow teams to physically test prospects prior to the combine, though they may conduct psychological testing and interviews.<ref name="nytimes-20200203">{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Craig |date=2020-02-03 |title=Did the Coyotes violate Combine Testing Policy? A ruling may hinge on semantics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/1580020/2020/02/03/did-the-coyotes-violate-combine-testing-policy-a-ruling-may-hinge-on-semantics/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=31 Thoughts: Jets chapter nearing end, but Byfuglien story isn't over |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/31-thoughts-dustin-byfuglien-winnipeg-jets-contract/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524053414/https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/31-thoughts-dustin-byfuglien-winnipeg-jets-contract/ |date=2020-02-05 |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.sportsnet.ca |language=en}}</ref> After the 2019 NHL combine, ''The Hockey News'' reported that seven teams hosted their own assessment activities, which ranged from "merely scheduling more interviews" to "a full-blown schedule with medical tests, on-ice workouts and more physical challenges".<ref name="thehockeynews-20190604" /> In 2018 and 2022, the Montreal Canadiens hosted their own European combine for players not invited to the NHL combine.<ref name="theathletic-c" /><ref name="nhl-20180607">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-07 |title=Canadiens hosting combine at Bell Sports Complex |url=https://www.nhl.com/canadiens/news/canadiens-hosting-combine-at-bell-sports-complex-298969560 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Montreal Canadiens |language=en}}</ref>
== Research and reception == === Evaluation of prospects based on combine performance === Scouts and executives may value perceived effort, rather than prospects' actual performance.<ref name="foxsports">{{Cite web |title=What impact does NHL combine have? |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/nhl/what-impact-does-nhl-combine-have |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX Sports |language=en-US |date=2011-06-04 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510222133/https://www.foxsports.com/stories/nhl/what-impact-does-nhl-combine-have |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nationalpost-20130513">{{cite news |last=Traikos |first=Michael |date=May 13, 2013 |title=NHL Scouting Combine gives prospects a chance to fill in the gaps |url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/hockey/nhl/nhl-scouting-combine-gives-prospects-a-chance-to-fill-in-the-gaps |accessdate=May 10, 2024 |newspaper=National Post}}</ref><ref name="sportsnet-20230612" /> Prospects may drop in rankings due to a lack of demonstrated "competitive drive" in fitness tests;<ref name="thehockeynews-20120616">{{cite magazine |last=Thompson |first=Tom |date=June 16, 2012 |title=How the NHL Draft Combine has grown over the years |url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/how-the-nhl-draft-combine-has-grown-over-the-years |accessdate=May 10, 2024 |magazine=Hockey News}}</ref> some less-known prospects may benefit from good results that help them gain recognition.<ref name="eliteprospects-20250606" /> Jason Bukala, former scouting director for the Florida Panthers, said that fitness testing does not significantly impact prospects' rankings.<ref name="sportsnet-20230612" />
In the modern combine, interview performance is generally seen by teams as more consequential than fitness testing.<ref name="thehockeynews-20120616" /><ref name="edmontonsun-20140626" /><ref name="eliteprospects-20250606" /> According to Arizona Coyotes amateur scouting director Tim Bernhardt, some teams disproportionately value player interviews.<ref name="theathletic-b" /> Players with strong ties to the NHL (such as through an NHL-player father or uncle) may be more confident and therefore perform better in interviews.<ref name="theathletic-b" />
=== Testing battery === The combine has been criticized for lack of on-ice tests by some researchers,<ref name="doi-20060901">{{Cite journal |last1=Vescovi |first1=Jason D |last2=Murray |first2=Teena M |last3=Fiala |first3=Kelly A |last4=VanHeest |first4=Jaci L |date=2006-09-01 |title=Off-ice performance and draft status of elite ice hockey players |url=https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.3.207 |journal=International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=207–221 |doi=10.1123/ijspp.1.3.207 |issn=1555-0273 |pmid=19116435}}</ref><ref name="lww-2013" /> fans,<ref name="espn-20190528-a" /> and scouts and general managers.<ref name="goerie" /> E.{{nbsp}}J. McGuire and Dan Marr, each of whom have served as director of NHL Central Scouting, said that some prospects may be unfit for on-ice testing due to fatigue or injury from the recent IIHF World U18 Championship or Memorial Cup playoffs, and many top prospects have already been observed skating in-person or on video.<ref name="nhl-20090409" /><ref name="espn-20190528-a" /> Additionally, Marr said that there are logistical concerns for on-ice testing, including equipment, staffing, insurance, and scheduling issues.<ref name="espn-20190528-a" /> In 2019, Marr said that there was consensus among NHL teams that on-ice testing was not necessary for the combine.<ref name="espn-20190528-a" /> Marr stated, "There likely is not as much value in testing things like a player's shot or passing ability in a static environment compared with skating. There's also no great way to test a player's hockey sense, which is one of the primary attributes teams care about. All of those things are best observed in game situations."<ref name="espn-20190528-a" />
Generally, researchers have found little or no correlation between off-ice testing and on-ice performance.<ref name="doi-20060901" /><ref name="lww-2013" /> Some off-ice tests, such as the Wingate test, have been shown by researchers to be of "limited use" in predicting on-ice performance.<ref name="lww-2013" /> According to Elite Prospects, teams consider the agility test, the VO2 max test and the Wingate test to be the "best predictors of how swiftly a player would make it into the NHL and how well they would initially perform".<ref name="eliteprospects-20250606" />
=== Predictive power === NHL players usually reach peak performance by their mid–late 20s, so teams must attempt to project the development of teenage prospects.<ref name="journal-20220601">{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Jeremy N. |last2=Thompson |first2=Kyle M. A. |last3=Jamnik |first3=Veronica K. |last4=Gledhill |first4=Norman |last5=Burr |first5=Jamie F. |date=2022-06-01 |title=Relationship of Fitness Combine Results and National Hockey League Performance: A 25-Year Analysis |journal=International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=908–916 |doi=10.1123/ijspp.2021-0317 |issn=1555-0273 |pmid=35245896}}</ref> Kinesiologist Norman Gledhill, who oversaw the combine's physical testing for about two decades,<ref name="buffalonews-20140601" /><ref name="nhl-20140526" /> has conducted research with colleagues on the predictive power of fitness testing for hockey players. In an analysis of fitness testing at the 1994–2007 combines, they found that "VO2 max and peak leg power were the most common predictors of successfully transitioning to the NHL, getting playing time, and contributing offensively" for prospects' first seasons in the league.<ref name="journal-20220601" /> They also found that high upper body strength (as measured by push-ups, bench press repetitions, isometric push strength, and grip strength) is associated with lower career performance.<ref name="journal-20220601" /> The researchers also note that prospects in attendance at the combine do not represent a random sample; they are selected for their high performance.<ref name="journal-20220601" /><ref name="lww-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Tarter |first=Barry C |last2=Kirisci |first2=Levent |last3=Tarter |first3=Ralph E |last4=Weatherbee |first4=Steve |last5=Jamnik |first5=Veronica |last6=McGuire |first6=E J |last7=Gledhill |first7=Norman |date=2009 |title=Use of Aggregate Fitness Indicators to Predict Transition into the National Hockey League |url=https://journals.lww.com/00124278-200909000-00028 |journal=Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research |language=en |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=1828–1832 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b4372b |issn=1064-8011}}</ref> === Player position === Skaters and goaltenders are subject to the same tests at the combine.<ref name="wku-2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Marcotte-L'Heureux |first1=Viviane |last2=Charron |first2=Jeremie |last3=Panenic |first3=Robert |last4=Comtois |first4=Alain Steve |date=2021 |title=Ice Hockey Goaltender Physiology Profile and Physical Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |url=https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3028&context=ijes |journal=International Journal of Exercise Science |volume=14 |issue=6}}</ref> The testing of goaltenders receives relatively less attention than the testing of skaters; tests at the combine are not "specifically designed to assess actions usually performed by goaltenders".<ref name="wku-2021" /> The relative importance of off-ice testing differs by prospect position; a 2008 study concluded that "emphasis on anthropometry should be used when comparing elite-level forwards, whereas peak anaerobic power and fatigue rate are more useful for differentiating between defense."<ref name="journal-20080922">{{cite journal |last1=Burr |first1=Jamie F |last2=Jamnik |first2=Roni K |last3=Baker |first3=Joseph |last4=Macpherson |first4=Alison |last5=Gledhill |first5=Norman |last6=McGuire |first6=EJ |date=September 22, 2008 |title=Relationship of physical fitness test results and hockey playing potential in elite-level ice hockey players |journal=J Strength Cond Res. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=1535–1543 |doi=10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181ac20 |pmid=18714234}}</ref> A 2009 study created a composite index based on draft combine performance, finding that a score in the 90th percentile "is associated with 72% and 60% probability of playing in the NHL within 4 years after the draft for defensemen and forwards, respectively".<ref name="lww-2009" /> A comparison of strength, power, and flexibility performance across multiple studies found that "forwards demonstrated a significantly better performance in all of the parameters followed by defenders, and finally, goaltenders, except for flexibility, which showed the reverse order".<ref name="wku-2021" /> Goaltenders tend to have lower VO2 max results than skaters.<ref name="wku-2021" />
Measurements of body composition may be expected to vary by position. Forwards and goaltenders tend to have similar body mass, with defencemen being heavier.<ref name="wku-2021" /> Defencemen are also slightly taller than forwards, and have a higher body mass index.<ref name="lww-2018" /> Goaltenders have a higher body fat percentage than skaters; this "may be explained by the lower cardiovascular demands of this player position".<ref name="wku-2021" />
== References == <references />
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite report |url=http://www.metodikaikozpont.hu:80/edzoi/5nhl.pdf |title=Detailed Assessment Protocols For NHL Entry Draft Players |last1=Gledhill |first1=N. |last2=Jamnik |first2=V. |date=2007 |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810131310/http://www.metodikaikozpont.hu:80/edzoi/5nhl.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-10 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web |last=McGourty |first=John |date=2010-05-27 |title=Combine invitees get ready for physical tests |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=530326 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021038/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=530326 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=NHL |language=en}} * {{Cite web |last=Morreale |first=Mike G |date=2012-05-24 |title=Combine provides NHL teams with well-rounded look |url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=632652 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510213329/https://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=632652 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=NHL |language=en}}
Category:NHL entry draft