M94 Group

{{Short description|Galaxy cluster in the constellations Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici}} {{Galaxy cluster | name = M94 Group | image = |caption = Messier 94, the brightest galaxy in the M94 Group. | epoch=J2000 | ra =<ref name="garcia1993">{{cite journal | author=A. Garcia | title=General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement | date=1993 | volume=100 | pages=47–90 | bibcode=1993A&AS..100...47G}}</ref><ref name="giuricinetal2002">{{cite journal |author1=G. Giuricin |author2=C. Marinoni |author3=L. Ceriani |author4=A. Pisani | title=Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups | journal=Astrophysical Journal | date=2000 | volume=543 | issue=1 | pages=178–194 | bibcode=2000ApJ...543..178G | doi=10.1086/317070|arxiv = astro-ph/0001140 |s2cid=9618325 }}</ref> | dec=<ref name="garcia1993" /><ref name="giuricinetal2002" /> | constellation = Canes Venatici & Coma Berenices | member_no = 16–24<ref name="garcia1993" /><ref name="giuricinetal2002" /><ref name="nbg" /> | brightest_member = M94,<ref name="giuricinetal2002" /> M106,<ref name="garcia1993" /> | other_names = NGC 4736 Group,<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad | title=NAME CVn I Group | access-date=2006-10-30}}</ref> Canes Venatici I Group,<ref name="simbad" /> Canes Venatici Cloud,<ref name="simbad" /> LGG 291,<ref name="garcia1993" /> NOGG H 617,<ref name="giuricinetal2002" /> NOGG P1 636,<ref name="giuricinetal2002" /> NOGG P2 647<ref name="giuricinetal2002" />}}

The '''M94 Group''' ('''Canes I Group''' or '''Canes Venatici I Group''') is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away<ref name="karachentsev2005">{{cite journal | author=I. D. Karachentsev | title=The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups | journal=Astronomical Journal | date=2005 | volume=129 | issue=1 | pages=178–188 | bibcode=2005AJ....129..178K | doi=10.1086/426368|arxiv = astro-ph/0410065 | s2cid=119385141 }}</ref> in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster)<ref name="tully1982">{{cite journal | author= R. B. Tully | title=The Local Supercluster | journal=Astrophysical Journal | date=1982 | volume=257 | pages=389–422 | bibcode=1982ApJ...257..389T | doi=10.1086/159999| doi-access=free }}</ref> and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.

Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be from a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group. Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appear to be moving with the expansion of the universe.<ref name="karachentsev2005" /><ref name="karachentsevetal2003">{{cite journal |author1=I. D. Karachentsev |author2=M. E. Sharina |author3=A. E. Dolphin |author4=E. K. Grebel |author5=D. Geisler |author6=P. Guhathakurta |author7=P. W. Hodge |author8=V. E. Karachentseva |author9=A. Sarajedini |author10=P. Seitzer | title=Galaxy flow in the Canes Venatici I cloud | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2003 | volume=398 | issue=2 | pages=467–477 | bibcode=2003A&A...398..467K | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021598|arxiv = astro-ph/0210414 |s2cid=6310283 }}</ref>

==Members==

The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog,<ref name="nbg">{{cite book | author=R. B. Tully | date=1988 | title=Nearby Galaxies Catalog | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge | isbn=0-521-35299-1}}</ref> the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog,<ref name="garcia1993" /> and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al.<ref name="giuricinetal2002" />

{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Members of the M94 Group''' |- ! Name ! Type<ref name="ned">{{cite web | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database | work=Results for various galaxies | url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ | access-date=2006-11-06}}</ref> ! R.A. (J2000)<ref name="ned" /> ! Dec. (J2000)<ref name="ned" /> ! Redshift (km/s)<ref name="ned" /> ! Apparent Magnitude<ref name="ned" /> |- | IC 3687 | IAB(s)m | {{RA|12|42|15.1}} | {{DEC|+38|30|12}} | 354 ± 1 | 13.7 |- | IC 4182 | SA(s)m | {{RA|13|05|49.5}} | {{DEC|+37|36|18}} | 321 ± 1 | 13.0 |- | M94 | (R)SA(r)ab | {{RA|12|50|53.0}} | {{DEC|+41|07|14}} | 308 ± 1 | 9.0 |- | NGC 4144 | SAB(s)cd | {{RA|12|09|58.6}} | {{DEC|+46|27|26}} | 265 ± 1 | 12.1 |- | NGC 4190 | Im pec | {{RA|12|13|44.8}} | {{DEC|+36|38|03}} | 228 ± 1 | 13.4 |- | NGC 4214 | IAB(s)m | {{RA|12|15|39.2}} | {{DEC|+36|19|37}} | 291 ± 3 | 10.2 |- | NGC 4244 | SA(s)cd | {{RA|12|17|29.6}} | {{DEC|+37|48|26}} | 244 | 10.9 |- | NGC 4395 | SA(s)m | {{RA|12|25|48.9}} | {{DEC|+33|32|48}} | 319 ± 1 | 10.6 |- | NGC 4449 | IBm | {{RA|12|28|11.9}} | {{DEC|+44|05|40}} | 207 ± 4 | 10.0 |- | UGC 6817 | Im | {{RA|11|50|53.0}} | {{DEC|+38|52|49}} | 242 ± 1 | 13.4 |- | UGC 7559 | IBm | {{RA|12|27|05.2}} | {{DEC|+37|08|33}} | 218 ± 5 | 14.2 |- | UGC 7577 | Im | {{RA|12|27|40.9}} | {{DEC|+43|29|44}} | 195 | 12.8 |- | UGC 7698 | Im | {{RA|12|32|54.4}} | {{DEC|+31|32|28}} | 331 ± 1 | 13.0 |- |M64<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 64 |url=https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=simbad.u-strasbg.fr}}</ref> |SABa |12h 56m 43.7s | +21° 40’ 57” |408 ± 4<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redshift data for Messier Galaxies |url=http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/supp/redshift.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=www.messier.seds.org}}</ref> |9.36 |- | UGC 8320 | IBm | {{RA|13|14|27.9}} | {{DEC|+45|55|09}} | 192 ± 1 | 12.7 |}

Additionally, NGC 4105 and DDO 169 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.

The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members. The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group.<ref name="garcia1993" /> However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group.<ref name="giuricinetal2002" /><ref name="nbg" />

M64 is thought to be located in the group as an isolated member. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Messier 64 (NGC 4826) Blackeye Galaxy {{!}} Coma Berenices |url=https://www.go-astronomy.com/messier.php?Messier=M64 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=www.go-astronomy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Israel |first=F. P. |date=January 2009 |title=CI and CO in nearby galaxy centers. The bright galaxies NGC 1068 (M 77), NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826 (M 64), and NGC 7469 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&A...493..525I/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=493 |issue=2 |pages=525–538 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810655 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

==Canes Venatici Cloud== This galaxy group is sometimes erroneously called the ''Canes Venatici Cloud,'' a larger structure of which it is a member. A galaxy cloud is a supercluster substructure. The CVn Cloud used in this manner is identified by Tully and de Vaucoleurs.

==See also== * M96 Group * Sculptor Group * Canes II Group (CVn II Group)

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * {{commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:M94 Group}} Category:M94 Group Category:Galaxy clusters Category:Virgo Supercluster Category:Canes Venatici Category:Coma Berenices