{{Short description|UNIX workstation series}} {{About|the UNIX workstation series produced by Sony|the windowing system by Sun Microsystems|NeWS}} {{Infobox information appliance | name = Sony NEWS | title = | aka = | logo = | image = sony news.jpg | caption = Sony NEWS workstation: 2x 68030 @ 25 MHz, 1280x1024 256-color display | developer = | manufacturer = Sony | family = | type = Computer hardware | generation = | release_date = {{Start date|1987|01}} | availability = | lifespan = | price = | discontinued = 1998 | units_sold = | units_shipped = | media = | os = NEWS-OS | power = | system_on_chip = | cpu = 680x0 and MIPS | memory = | storage = | memory_card = | display = | graphics = | sound = | input = | controllers = | camera = | touchpad = | connectivity = | currentfw = | platform = | online_services = | dimensions = | weight = | top_game = | compatibility= | predecessor = | successor = | related = | marketing_target = | website = {{URL|http://www.sony.co.jp/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-12.html}} }} [[File:Sony NeWS NWS-3710 01.JPG|thumb|Sony NWS-3710 front]] [[File:Sony NeWS NWS-3710 02.JPG|thumb|Sony NWS-3710 front detail]] [[File:Sony NeWS NWS-3710 03.JPG|thumb|Sony NWS-3710 with front door open]] [[File:Sony NeWS NWS-3710 05.JPG|thumb|Rear view of the Sony NWS-3710]]
The '''Sony NEWS''' ("Network Engineering Workstation", later "NetWorkStation") is a series of Unix workstations sold during the late 1980s and 1990s. The first NEWS machine was the NWS-800, which originally appeared in Japan in January 1987 and was conceived as a desktop replacement for the VAX series of minicomputers.<ref name="sonyhistory">[http://www.sony.co.jp/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-12.html SONY History 第12章 苦闘する新分野への進出 第2話 社内ベンチャーから生まれた「NEWS」] - Sony official Web site (Japanese)</ref><ref>[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/work/0005.html IPSJ Computer Museum - Historical Computers in Japan, Workstations - Sony NWS-800 Series (Prototype)]</ref>
==History==
===1980s=== Sony's NEWS project leader, Toshitada Doi, originally wanted to develop a computer for business applications, but his engineers wanted to develop a replacement for minicomputers running Unix that they preferred to use:<ref name="sony-history-news">{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-12.html|title=Sony History: NEWS – An Independent Venture|access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>
{{blockquote|In the beginning, Doi's concept of the workstation was a device, which was essentially an extension of current [MIPS (Media Information Products and System) Business Group] projects. He saw it as consisting of "a 32-bit CPU developed in a short time with unrestricted applications." Basically, he thought of it as an OA computer. However, the engineers Doi selected for his team did not listen to what Doi told them to do. They wanted to develop a workstation that could replace the VAX Super Mini Computer developed by Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC). This was a computer that the engineers often fought with each other to use while at MIPS because of the limited number. They wanted to develop something they themselves could use for their own day to day work.}}
Initial development of the NEWS was completed in 1986 after only one year of development. It launched at a lower price than competitors ({{Currency|5600|USD}}–16,300), and it outperformed conventional minicomputers.<ref name="sony-history-news"/> After a successful launch, the line expanded and the new focus for the NEWS became desktop publishing and CAD/CAM.<ref name="sony-history-news"/>
In 1989, three workstations based on Motorola 68030 were introduced: NWS-1750 (with a single CPU), NWS-1830 and NWS-1850 (with 2 CPUs). The computers were equipped in optical disk drive using erasable cartridges allowing to store 594 MB of data.<ref name="byte_2_89_sony_nws">{{Cite magazine |title=Sony's No-Baloney Workstation |magazine=BYTE |url=https://archive.org/details/198902ByteMagazineVol1402PersonalWorkstationMacSE/page/74/mode/2up |access-date=2025-12-31 |pages=74 |volume=14 |issue=2/1989 |issn=0360-5280}}</ref>
===1990s=== In 1991, Sony broadened the NEWS range with the 3250 portable workstation, reportedly described in product literature as a laptop but weighing 18 pounds and having more in common with portable computers, being "designed to be set up on a desk and plugged in". Featuring an 11-inch monochrome liquid crystal display with a resolution of {{nowrap|1120 x 780}} and keyboard with "75 full travel keys", the machine was fitted with an internal hard drive and a 3.5-inch floppy drive. A SCSI port permitted the addition of other storage devices, and Ethernet, parallel and serial ports were provided, along with a mouse port and audio in/out ports for audio processing. In terms of its fundamental computing facilities, the system employed a 20 MHz MIPS R3000 CPU with R3010 floating-point coprocessor, offered 8 MB of RAM expandable to 36 MB, running an implementation of Unix System V Release 4 and providing an Open Software Foundation Motif graphical environment. In the United States, a configuration with 240 MB hard drive cost $9,900, with the 406 MB configuration costing $11,900.<ref name="byte199103_news3250">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/eu_BYTE-1991-03_OCR/page/n57/mode/1up | title=Sony's Portable News | magazine=Byte | date=March 1991 | access-date=18 June 2022 | last1=Smith | first1=Ben | pages=46, 48 }}</ref>
Early PlayStation development kits were based on Sony NEWS hardware, with added PlayStation hardware.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.retroreversing.com/official-playStation-devkit | title=Official PlayStation 1 Development Kit (Hardware) · RetroReversing }}</ref> Nintendo also developed its first-party Super NES titles on Sony NEWS hardware.<ref>[https://wiki.raregamingdump.ca/index.php/other.7z other.7z - Rare Gaming Dump]</ref>
The Sony NEWS was unable to break into the U.S. market, where Sun Microsystems was dominant, and also did not fare well in Europe.<ref name="sony-history-news"/>
The NEWS platform was later used for video-on-demand applications, and for Internet server applications.
The NEWS division at Sony was dissolved in 1998.
==Hardware== The Sony NEWS originally came equipped with a dual 680x0 (68020 or 68030) processor configuration running at 16-25 MHz<ref name="byte_2_89_sony_nws" />. Later, the Sony NEWS was moved to the MIPS architecture, with MIPS III and MIPS IV microprocessors such as the R3000,<ref name=byte1990_12>{{cite magazine | magazine = BYTE | date= December 1990 | first= Tom | last = Yager | title = Sony NeWS and MIPS Magnum: A Double Shot of RISC | volume = 15 | issue = 13 | pages = 172–175 | url = https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1990-12/page/n213/mode/1up }}</ref> R4000, R4400, R4600, R4700, and R10000. The fastest MIPS processors used in Sony NEWS workstations run at 200 MHz.<ref name="katsu_hw">{{cite web| url=http://katsu.watanabe.name/doc/sonynews/model.html| author=Katsu Watanabe| title=SONY NEWS Series hardware specifications| access-date=2015-12-10}}</ref>
Both 680x0 and MIPS models share the same case, which has a large door covering a 3 1/2" micro-diskette drive and a 5.25-in expansion bay, which can house a SCSI tape or CD-ROM drive. The details of the door are slightly different: two windows for the 680x0 models, while the MIPS ones have a single large window. Also hidden by the cover are a reset button and a series of DIP switches used to configure some bootup parameters.
On the back are 3 expansion slots, one of which normally houses a video card. Underneath those are connectors for SCSI, network (an AUI connector), serial (CH0, normally used for console, and CH1), parallel, and a keyboard.
==Software==
===NEWS-OS=== Originally, the Sony NEWS team had to decide which version of Unix to use: BSD or AT&T System V. The project leader was interested in the potential commercial support for System V, but the engineering team preferred BSD because it had rich networking features, including TCP/IP. Eventually BSD was chosen because they believed that computer networks would be important in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://itpro.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/COLUMN/20060912/247835/|title=NEWS --- 一人1台を実現したワークステーション|date=20 September 2006|access-date=4 February 2014 |language=ja}}</ref>
NEWS-OS releases were based on three different versions of Unix:<ref name="news_os_versions">{{cite web|url=http://katsu.watanabe.name/doc/sonynews/newsos.html|title=Sony NEWS-OS Releases}}</ref>
* NEWS-OS 1.x: 4.2BSD, Shift JIS, introduced in 1987 * NEWS-OS 2.x: 4.2BSD, Shift JIS, introduced in 1987 * NEWS-OS 3.x: 4.3BSD, EUC, introduced in 1988 * NEWS-OS 4.x: 4.3BSD, EUC, introduced in 1990 * NEWS-OS 5.x: SVR4.2, EUC, introduced in 1992 * NEWS-OS 6.x: SVR4.2, EUC, introduced in 1993
Prior to NEWS-OS 3.9, all versions of NEWS-OS were released exclusively for the 680x0 series of processors. NEWS-OS 3.9 was released in both CISC ("C") versions and RISC ("R") versions, for the 680x0 and the MIPS architecture, respectively. For example, NEWS-OS 3.9 was released as "NEWS-OS 3.9C" and "NEWS-OS 3.9R", with the same functionality in both the CISC and RISC versions. The NEWS-OS 4.x series was also released in both CISC and RISC versions.<ref name="news_os_versions"/>
===Third-party software=== Yukihiro Matsumoto originally implemented the Ruby programming language on the 4.3BSD-based NEWS-OS 3.x, but later migrated his work to SunOS 4.x, and finally to Linux.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-4.ibm.com/software/developer/library/ruby.html |title=IBM developerWorks – Ruby: a new language |author=Maya Stodte |date=February 2000 |access-date=3 March 2014 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818164241/http://www-4.ibm.com/software/developer/library/ruby.html |archive-date=August 18, 2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://osdir.com/ml/lang-ruby-general/2002-08/msg02494.html|title=lang-ruby-general: Re: question about Ruby initial development|author=Yukihiro Matsumoto|date=August 2002|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> In 1999, Ruby was known to work across many different operating systems, including NEWS-OS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/170|title=ruby-talk: Re: hah, check these errors|author=Yukihiro Matsumoto|date=5 January 1999|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
==See also== * EWS-UX
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Sony NEWS}} * [http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-12.html#block3 Sony History: NEWS – An Independent Venture] * [http://katsu.watanabe.name/doc/sonynews/model.html SONY NEWS Series hardware specifications] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080321103102/http://www.xi.kaiyodai.ac.jp/FTP/newsos.6.1.html Xi FTP service] software repository for NEWS-OS 6.1 * [http://www.tollari.org/news.php webpage about SONY NEWS 1580] webpage about Sony NEWS 1580{{dead link|date=November 2023}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141106100847/http://www.tollari.org/news.php webpage about SONY NEWS 1580(web archive)] webpage about Sony NEWS 1580 * [http://netbsd.org/ports/news68k/faq.html FAQ on running netbsd on a SONY NEWS 68030-based (news68k) workstation]. A version for the [http://www.netbsd.org/ports/newsmips/ RISC] version is also available. * [http://www.netbsd.org/ports/newsmips/history.html History for the Sony NEWS workstations]
{{Sony Corp}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sony News}} Category:Berkeley Software Distribution Category:Computer workstations Category:MIPS architecture Category:Sony hardware Category:UNIX System V