Neritidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Redirect|Nerites|the minor sea deity|Nerites (mythology)}} {{Automatic taxobox |taxon = Neritidae |image = Theodoxus fluviatilis 3.png |image_caption = An oblique left side view of a live ''Theodoxus fluviatilis'' |image2 = Theodoxus_danubialis.jpg |image2_caption = Two shells of the freshwater nerite ''Theodoxus danubialis'', scale bar in mm |authority = Rafinesque, 1815 |synonyms= |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = ''See text'' | diversity_link = | diversity_ref = <ref name="Strong 2008">Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia'' 595: 149–166. {{hdl|10088/7390}} {{doi|10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6}}.</ref> | diversity = About 110 freshwater species, some brackish water species, and some fully marine species |display_parents= 3 }}

'''Neritidae''', common name the '''nerites''', is a family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum.<ref name="WoRMS"> MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Neritininae Poey, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411639 on 2021-09-25</ref> The family Neritidae includes marine genera such as ''Nerita'', marine and freshwater genera such as ''Neritina'', and freshwater and brackish water genera such as ''Theodoxus''.

The common name "nerite" as well as the family name Neritidae and the genus name ''Nerita'', are derived from the name of Nerites, who was a sea god in Greek mythology.

==Distribution== Neritidae live primarily in the southern hemisphere, but there are some exceptions, such as a genus ''Theodoxus'' which can be found in Europe and Northern Africa <ref name="Bunje 2007">Bunje P. M. & Lindberg D. R. (2007). "Lineage divergence of a freshwater snail clade associated with post-Tethys marine basin development". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''42'''(2): 373–387. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026}}.</ref> or ''Bathynerita naticoidea''.

== Taxonomy == This family consists of the five following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * Neritinae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Neritellinae Gray, 1847; Proto neritidae Kittl, 1899 * † Neritariinae Wenz, 1938 * Neritininae Poey, 1852 ** tribe Neritinini Poey, 1852 - synonyms: Catilinae Gray, 1868; Orthopomatini Gray, 1868; Stenopomatini Gray, 1868; Septariini Jousseaume, 1894 ** tribe Theodoxini Bandel, 2001<ref name="Bandel 2001">Bandel K. (2001). "The history of ''Theodoxus'' and ''Neritina'' connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda)". ''Mittelungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut Universitat Hamburg'' '''85''': 65-164. [http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html abstract] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726131013/http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html|date=2011-07-26}}.</ref> * Smaragdiinae H. B. Baker, 1923 * † Velatinae Bandel, 2001<ref name="Bandel 2001"/>

==Genera== [[File:Red racer nerite, Vittina waigiensis from the Philippines 02.jpg|thumb|Red racer nerites, ''Vittina waigiensis'', from the Philippines. These are popular in the aquarium trade for their extremely variable shell patterns]] [[File:Zebra Nerite Snail 1.jpg|thumb|The zebra nerite, ''Vittina natalensis'', from East Africa. A common nerite snail in the aquarium trade and one of several species known as "zebra nerites"]] [[File:Neritodryas cornea 001.jpg|thumb|Two shells of ''Neritodryas cornea'']] Genera, subgenera and species within the family Neritidae include:<ref>Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}</ref> * † ''Bajanerita'' Squires, 1993 * † ''Calyptronerita'' Le Renard, 1980 * † ''Cuisenerita'' Symonds & Pacaud, 2010 * † ''Mesoneritina'' Yen, 1946 * † ''Monsneritina'' Kowalke, 2002 Subfamily Neritinae *Genus ''Bathynerita'' Clarke, 1989 *Genus ''Mienerita'' Dekker, 2000 *Genus ''Nerita'' Linnaeus, 1758 - type genus, synonyms: ''Turrita'' Wagner, 1897<ref>Bouchet, P.; Krijnen, C.; Gofas, S. (2016). ''Nerita'' Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138254 on 2017-12-07</ref> **Subgenus ''Adenerita'' **Subgenus ''Amphinerita'' **Subgenus ''Cymostyla'' **Subgenus ''Heminerita'' **Subgenus ''Ilynerita'' **Subgenus ''Linnerita'' **Subgenus ''Melanerita'' Martens, 1889 ***Species ''Nerita atramentosa'' Reeve, 1855 ***Species ''Nerita melanotragus'' Smith, E. A., 1884 **Subgenus ''Nerita'' **Subgenus ''Ritena'' **Subgenus ''Theliostyla''

Subfamily † Neritariinae * † ''Neritaria'' Koken, 1892

Subfamily Neritininae * ''Clithon'' Montfort, 1810<ref>Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2016). ''Clithon'' Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=737507 on 2017-12-07</ref> * ''Clypeolum'' Récluz, 1842<ref>Bouchet, P. (2016). ''Clypeolum''. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=873719 on 2017-12-07</ref> * ''Fluvinerita'' Pilsbry, 1932<ref name="Bandel 2001"/> ** ''Fluvinerita tenebricosa'' * † ''Manana'' Gabuniya, 1949 * † ''Mananopsis'' Gabuniya, 1949 * ''Nereina'' de Cristofori & Jan, 1832 * ''Neripteron'' Lesson, 1831<ref>Bouchet, P. (2016). ''Neripteron'' Lesson, 1831. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818409 on 2017-12-07</ref> ** ''Neripteron vespertinum'' (Sowerby II, 1849)

* ''Neritina'' Rafinesque, 1815 **Subgenus ''Dostia'' * † ''Neritinopsis'' Gabuniya, 1953 * ''Neritodryas'' Martens, 1869 * ''Neritona'' Martens, 1869 * † ''Neritoplica'' Oppenheim, 1892 * ''Puperita'' Gray, 1857<ref>WoRMS (2009). Puperita Gray, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205488 on 2010-05-03</ref> * ''Septaria'' Férussac, 1807<ref>WoRMS (2009). ''Septaria''. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206410 on 2010-05-03</ref> * † ''Superior'' Francois, 1953 * ''Theodoxus'' Montfort, 1810 * † ''Velatella'' Meek, 1873 * ''Vitta'' Mörch, 1852<ref>Neubauer, Thomas A.; Bouchet, P.; Sartori, André F. (2016). ''Vitta'' Mörch, 1852. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818782 on 2017-12-07</ref> * ''Vittina'' H. B. Baker, 1923

Subfamily Smaragdiinae *Genus ''Gaillardotia'' Bourguignat, 1877 *Genus ''Magadis'' Melvill & Standen, 1899 * Genus ''Smaragdella'' Baker, 1923 * Genus ''Smaragdia'' Issel, 1869<ref>WoRMS (2009). ''Smaragdia'' Issel, 1869. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138255 on 2010-05-03</ref> *Genus ''Smaragoista''

Subfamily † Velatinae * † ''Velates'' Montfort, 1810

==Synonyms== * † ''Agapilia'' Harzhauser & Kowalke, 2001 : synonym of ''Vitta'' Mörch, 1852 * ''Navicella'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of ''Septaria'' Férussac, 1807 (junior synonym) * † ''Ninniopsis'' Tomlin, 1930: synonym of † ''Theodoxus (Ninniopsis)'' Tomlin, 1930 represented as ''Theodoxus'' Montfort, 1810 (original rank) * ''Orthopoma'' Gray, 1868: synonym of ''Septaria'' Férussac, 1807 * ''Orthopomatini'' Gray, 1868: synonym of ''Neritininae'' Poey, 1852 * ''Paranerita'' Bourne, 1908: synonym of ''Vittina'' H. B. Baker, 1923 (Invalid: junior homonym of ''Paranerita'' Hampson, 1901 [Lepidoptera]) * ''Pseudonerita'' H. B. Baker, 1923: synonym of ''Neripteron (Pseudonerita)'' H. B. Baker, 1923 represented as ''Neripteron'' Lesson, 1831 * ''Serenia'' Benson, 1856: synonym of ''Neritona'' Martens, 1869 (unavailable name: established in synonymy) * ''Tanalia'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Neritona'' Martens, 1869 * ''Theodoxia'' Bourguignat, 1877: synonym of ''Theodoxus'' Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus) * ''Theodoxis'' Montfort, 1810: synonym of ''Theodoxus'' Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)

==References== {{Reflist}} * Starobogatov, Y. I. (1970). Fauna Molliuskov i Zoogeograficheskoe Raionirovanie Kontinental'nykh Vodoemov Zemnogo Shara [The Molluscan Fauna and Zoogeographical Zoning of the Continental Water Bodies of the World]. Nauka. Leningrad. 372 p., 12 tables

== External links == {{Commons category|Neritidae}} * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29534435 Gray, J. E. (1868). Notes on Catillus, Humphrey, or Navicella, Lamarck, with descriptions of two new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867: 993-1000] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25127200 Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1-2): 1-397] * Bourne G. C. (1908). "Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. I. The Neritidae." ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' '''1908''': [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo1908431983zool#page/810/mode/2up 810]-887. * [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0642/report.pdf Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642] {{PD-notice}}

Category:Neritidae Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque