{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Neurochondrin''' (also known as its murine homologue, '''Norbin''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCDN'' gene.<ref name="pmid15007648">{{cite journal | vauthors = Istvánffy R, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Floss T, Wurst W | title = Expression of neurochondrin in the developing and adult mouse brain | journal = Development Genes and Evolution | volume = 214 | issue = 4 | pages = 206–209 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15007648 | doi = 10.1007/s00427-004-0396-2 | s2cid = 45134242 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NCDN neurochondrin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23154}}</ref>
This gene encodes a leucine-rich cytoplasmic protein, which is highly similar to a mouse protein norbin that negatively regulates Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation and may be essential for spatial learning processes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described.<ref name="entrez"/>
Norbin can modulate signaling activity and expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5; modulating mice with targeted deletion of NCDN in the brain have phenotypic traits usually found in the rodent models of schizophrenia, including disruptions in prepulse inhibition.<ref name="pmid20007903">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Westin L, Nong Y, Birnbaum S, Bendor J, Brismar H, Nestler E, Aperia A, Flajolet M, Greengard P | display-authors = 6 | title = Norbin is an endogenous regulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling | journal = Science | volume = 326 | issue = 5959 | pages = 1554–1557 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 20007903 | pmc = 2796550 | doi = 10.1126/science.1178496 | bibcode = 2009Sci...326.1554W }}</ref> Furthermore, norbin protein expression is altered in the schizophrenia brain.<ref name="pmid25778620">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matosin N, Fernandez-Enright F, Fung SJ, Lum JS, Engel M, Andrews JL, Huang XF, Weickert CS, Newell KA | display-authors = 6 | title = Alterations of mGluR5 and its endogenous regulators Norbin, Tamalin and Preso1 in schizophrenia: towards a model of mGluR5 dysregulation | journal = Acta Neuropathologica | volume = 130 | issue = 1 | pages = 119–129 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25778620 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-015-1411-6 | s2cid = 12360955 | url = https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1538&context=ihmri | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Norbin also plays a role in regulating antimicrobial responses in neutrophils.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pantarelli C, Pan D, Chetwynd S, Stark AK, Hornigold K, Machin P, Crossland L, Cleary SJ, Baker MJ, Hampson E, Mandel A, Segonds-Pichon A, Walker R, van 't Veer C, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Okkenhaug K, Pitchford S, Welch HC | display-authors = 6 | title = The GPCR adaptor protein norbin suppresses the neutrophil-mediated immunity of mice to pneumococcal infection | journal = Blood Advances | volume = 5 | issue = 16 | pages = 3076–3091 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34402884 | doi = 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002782 | pmc = 8405187 }}</ref>
'''Neurochondrin''' proteins induce hydroxyapatite resorptive activity in bone marrow cells resistant to bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of macrophage- and osteoclast-mediated resorption. Expression of the gene is localised to chondrocyte, osteoblast, and osteocyte in the bone and to the hippocampus and Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum in the brain.<ref name="PUB00011398">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishiduka Y, Mochizuki R, Yanai K, Takatsuka M, Nonomura T, Niida S, Horiguchi H, Maeda N, Fukamizu A | display-authors = 6 | title = Induction of hydroxyapatite resorptive activity in bone marrow cell populations resistant to bafilomycin A1 by a factor with restricted expression to bone and brain, neurochondrin | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1450 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–98 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10231559 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00039-7 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Dateki M, Horii T, Kasuya Y, Mochizuki R, Nagao Y, Ishida J, Sugiyama F, Tanimoto K, Yagami K, Imai H, Fukamizu A | display-authors = 6 | title = Neurochondrin negatively regulates CaMKII phosphorylation, and nervous system-specific gene disruption results in epileptic seizure | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 21 | pages = 20503–20508 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15790563 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M414033200 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki R, Dateki M, Yanai K, Ishizuka Y, Amizuka N, Kawashima H, Koga Y, Ozawa H, Fukamizu A | display-authors = 6 | title = Targeted disruption of the neurochondrin/norbin gene results in embryonic lethality | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 310 | issue = 4 | pages = 1219–1226 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14559245 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.153 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tchernev VT, Mansfield TA, Giot L, Kumar AM, Nandabalan K, Li Y, Mishra VS, Detter JC, Rothberg JM, Wallace MR, Southwick FS, Kingsmore SF | display-authors = 6 | title = The Chediak-Higashi protein interacts with SNARE complex and signal transduction proteins | journal = Molecular Medicine | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–64 | date = January 2002 | pmid = 11984006 | pmc = 2039936 | doi = 10.1007/bf03402003 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ohoka Y, Hirotani M, Sugimoto H, Fujioka S, Furuyama T, Inagaki S | title = Semaphorin 4C, a transmembrane semaphorin, [corrected] associates with a neurite-outgrowth-related protein, SFAP75 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 280 | issue = 1 | pages = 237–243 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11162505 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4080 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki R, Ishizuka Y, Yanai K, Murakami K, Koga Y, Fukamizu A | title = Corrigendum to 'Molecular cloning and expression of human neurochondrin-1 and -2'(1) | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression | volume = 1490 | issue = 3 | pages = 367–368 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10684983 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00236-5 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki R, Ishizuka Y, Yanai K, Koga Y, Fukamizu A, Murakami K | title = Molecular cloning and expression of human neurochondrin-1 and -2 | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression | volume = 1446 | issue = 3 | pages = 397–402 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10524216 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00120-7 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–39 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9628581 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}}
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