Myosotis venosa

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Speciesbox | image = SP111281^B Myosotis venosa Colenso WELT Te Papa 1958597 650319.jpg | image_caption = flowers of Myosotis venosa showing exserted anthers | status = NU | status_system = NZTCS | status_ref = <ref name="NZTCS"/> | genus = Myosotis | species = venosa | authority = [[William Colenso|Colenso]]<ref name = ":5" /> }}

'''''Myosotis venosa''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Boraginaceae]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]]. [[William Colenso]] described the species in 1896. Plants of this species of [[Forget-me-nots|forget-me-not]] are [[Perennial plant|perennial]] rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are fully exserted.

== Taxonomy and etymology == ''Myosotis venosa'' Colenso is in the plant family [[Boraginaceae]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Myosotis venosa |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/myosotis-venosa/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |language=en}}</ref> The species was originally described in 1896 by [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann|William Colenso]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=L.B. |title=Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833 |url=https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_2dd90ab4-331f-4d49-bb31-b0a843e65931&fileName=Flora%201.xml |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=(Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Colenso |first=William |date=1896-01-01 |title=Phaenogams: a description of a few more newly discovered indigenous plants; being a further contribution towards the making known the botany of New Zealand |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121147642 |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute |volume=28 |pages=591–611}}</ref> The most recent treatment of this species was done by [[Lucy Moore (botanist)|Lucy B. Moore]] in the ''Flora of New Zealand.<ref name=":2" />''

The original description lists a specimen collected at the Ruahine Range by [[Edward Weston Andrews]] lodged at [[Kew Herbarium]] as the type.''<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />''

''Myosotis venosa'' is morphologically most similar to ''[[Myosotis forsteri]]'' in its habit and leaves.''<ref name=":2" />'' The two species can be distinguished based on anther exsertion: in ''M. forsteri'' the anthers are usually included inside the corolla tube, whereas in ''M. venosa'' the anthers are fully exserted.''<ref name=":2" />'' Whether these two species are distinct from one another requires taxonomic revision.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis venosa |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/myosotis-venosa/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |language=en}}</ref>

== Phylogeny == The sole sampled individual of ''M. venosa'' was shown to be included in the southern hemisphere lineage of ''Myosotis'' in [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers ([[Ribosomal DNA|nuclear ribosomal DNA]] and [[chloroplast DNA]] regions) of New Zealand ''Myosotis''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica |last3=Lehnebach |first3=Carlos A. |date=2014-11-07 |title=Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54789770 |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |language=English |volume=301 |issue=5 |pages=1455–1471 |doi=10.1007/S00606-014-1166-X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved.<ref name=":0">{{Cite Q|Q30707919}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Nevertheless, ''M. venosa'' clustered near the sampled individuals of ''M. forsteri'' in the nuclear ribosomal DNA network, and it clustered with samples of other North Island and northern South Island species in the chloroplast DNA network.<ref name=":1" />

== Description == ''Myosotis venosa'' plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have long, narrow [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] that are about as long the leaf blades and easily distinguished from the leaf blades. The rosette leaves are c. 70 mm long by c. 20 mm wide, and broadly oval, with an [[apiculate]] tip. The upper leaf surface has densely distributed, patent to erect hairs, whereas the hairs on the lower leaf surface are similar but sparsely distributed. Each rosette has few to many ascending to erect, sometimes branched ebracteate [[Inflorescence|inflorescences]] that are 100–300 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but are smaller, and become smaller, narrower and sessile toward the top of the inflorescence. The flowers are many per inflorescence, and each is borne on a short [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]], without a bract. The calyx is 4–6 mm long at flowering and fruiting, lobed to one-half of its length or less, and with hairs mostly on the margins and ribs, some of which are hooked near the base of the calyx. The corolla is white, with a cylindrical tube, and small scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully exserted, completely surpassing the scales. The nutlets are c. 1.5 mm long by 1.0 mm wide.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

The [[pollen]] of ''Myosotis venosa'' is unknown.

The [[chromosome number]] of ''M. venosa'' is unknown.

Flowering December–February; fruiting December–April.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

== Distribution and habitat == ''Myosotis'' ''venosa'' is a [[forget-me-not]] that is found in montane forest habitats, often near streams, in the Volcanic Plateau, Ruahine Range and Tararua Range in the North Island, and in Western Nelson, South Island of New Zealand.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis venosa in GBIF |url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/map?taxon_key=5660595 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

== Conservation status == ''Myosotis venosa'' is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon with the qualifiers Data Poor "DP" and Sparse "Sp" on the most recent assessment (2017–2018) under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System|New Zealand Threatened Classification]] system for plants.<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |pages=45 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref>

== Gallery == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="170px"> File:SP111282^A_Myosotis_venosa_Colenso_WELT_Te_Papa_1951293_643585.jpg File:SP111282^A_Myosotis_venosa_Colenso_WELT_Te_Papa_1951293_655410.jpg File:SP111281^A_Myosotis_venosa_Colenso_WELT_Te_Papa_1951292_643532.jpg File:SP111281^A_Myosotis_venosa_Colenso_WELT_Te_Papa_1951292_643450.jpg </gallery>

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons}}

* [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=myosotis+venosa#tab_mapView ''Myosotis venosa'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium] {{Taxonbar|from=Q17416915}} [[Category:Myosotis|venosa]] [[Category:Endemic flora of New Zealand]]