{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=October 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Speciesbox | image = SP089671 Myosotis pansa subsp. pansa (L.B.Moore) Meudt et al. WELT Te Papa 1174338 231512.jpg | image_caption = Myosotis pansa in flower in the field | status = NE | status_system = NZTCS | status_ref = <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |pages=1–86 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref> | genus = Myosotis | species = pansa | authority = [[Lucy Moore (botanist)|(L.B. Moore)]] Meudt, Prebble, R.J. Stanley<ref name=":2"/> | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = * ''[[Myosotis pansa subsp. praeceps]]'' * ''[[Myosotis pansa subsp. pansa]]'' | range_map = Myosotis pansa - map.svg | range_map_caption = Native range of ''Myosotis pansa'': {{leftlegend|#008100|subsp. ''pansa''}} {{leftlegend|#f16924|subsp. ''praeceps''}} }}

'''''Myosotis pansa''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Boraginaceae]], [[Endemic species|endemic]] to the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. [[Lucy Moore (botanist)|Lucy Moore]] described the variety ''M. petiolata'' var. ''pansa'' in 1961, and it was raised to species level as ''M. pansa'' by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of [[Forget-me-nots|forget-me-not]] are [[Perennial plant|perennial]] rosettes with ebracteate (or partially bracteate) inflorescences and white corollas and exserted anthers.

== Taxonomy and etymology == ''Myosotis pansa'' is in the plant family [[Boraginaceae]] and was originally described as a variety of ''[[Myosotis petiolata]]'' in 1961 by [[Lucy Moore (botanist)|Lucy Moore]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=L.B. |title=Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833 |url=https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_2dd90ab4-331f-4d49-bb31-b0a843e65931&fileName=Flora%201.xml |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=(Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref> It was raised to species level as ''Myosotis pansa'' (L.B.Moore) Meudt, Prebble, R.J.Stanley and Thorsen in 2013.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Meudt |first1=Heidi |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica |last3=Stanley |first3=Rebecca J. |last4=Thorsen |first4=Mike |date=2013-01-01 |title=Morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data show that New Zealand endemic Myosotis petiolata (Boraginaceae) comprises three rare and threatened species |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54687696 |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=210 |doi=10.1071/SB13023|s2cid=82941384 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Myosotis pansa'' is morphologically most similar to the other North Island species, ''M. petiolata'' and ''[[Myosotis pottsiana|M. pottsiana]].''<ref name=":4" /> These three species are allopatric in their geographic distributions, and can be distinguished from one another by a suite of characters that includes corolla diameter (''M. pansa'': 7.6–14.3&nbsp;mm; ''M. pottsiana'': 5.3–9.8&nbsp;mm; and ''M. petiolata'': 4.2–10.5&nbsp;mm). [[File:SP002432_Myosotis_pansa_subsp._pansa_(L.B.Moore)_Meudt_et_al._WELT_Te_Papa_473079_29987.jpg|alt=Lectotype specimen of M. pansa (WELT SP002432)|left|thumb|Lectotype specimen of ''M. pansa'' (WELT SP002432)]] The lectotype specimen of ''Myosotis pansa'' was collected by [[Donald Petrie (botanist)|Donald Petrie]], south of [[Karekare, New Zealand|Karekare]], Waitakere, Auckland, and is lodged at the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]], Wellington (WELT SP002432).''<ref name=":4" />''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lectotype of Myosotis pansa |url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/473079 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=collections.tepapa.govt.nz}}</ref>

The specific epithet, ''pansa'', is based on the Latin word ''pansus'' which means to spread out. Lucy Moore did not explain why she chose this name,<ref name=":2" /> but it could refer to the spreading petal lobes mentioned in her description.''<ref name=":4" />''

Two subspecies are recognised: [[Myosotis pansa subsp. pansa|''Myosotis pansa'' subsp. ''pansa'']] and [[Myosotis pansa subsp. praeceps|''M. pansa'' subsp. ''praeceps'']]''.''<ref name=":4" /> The subspecies are [[Allopatry|allopatric]], and can be distinguished from one another based on inflorescence characteristics, i.e. subsp. ''pansa'' has completely ebracteate inflorescences whereas subsp. ''praeceps'' has partially bracteate inflorescences that cauline leaves associated with the lowest 1–3 flowers (and up to 9 flowers).<ref name=":4" />

== Phylogeny == ''Myosotis pansa'' was shown to be a part of the [[monophyletic]] southern hemisphere lineage of ''Myosotis'' in [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers ([[Ribosomal DNA|nuclear ribosomal DNA]] and [[chloroplast DNA]] regions).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Meudt |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica M. |last3=Lehnebach |first3=Carlos A. |date=2015-05-01 |title=Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=301 |issue=5 |pages=1455–1471 |doi=10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x |bibcode=2015PSyEv.301.1455M |s2cid=254048318 |issn=2199-6881|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Winkworth |first1=Richard C |last2=Grau |first2=Jürke |last3=Robertson |first3=Alastair W |last4=Lockhart |first4=Peter J |date=2002-08-01 |title=The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790302002105 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=180–193 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5 |pmid=12144755 |issn=1055-7903|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Multiple individuals of both subspecies of ''Myosotis pansa'' were included in two studies that phylogenetically analysed [[amplified fragment length polymorphism]]s (AFLPs).<ref name=":5">{{Cite Q|Q54687696}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite Q|Q33449014|doi-access=free}}</ref> In these analyses, ''Myosotis pansa'' was differentiated from ''M. petiolata'' and ''M. pottsiana,'' and the two subspecies were also genetically differentiated.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

== Description == ''Myosotis pansa'' plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] that are 4–67&nbsp;mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 5–60&nbsp;mm long by 4–31&nbsp;mm wide (length: width ratio 1.1–2.1: 1), usually narrowly obovate, obovate, broadly obovate, widest at or above the middle, with an [[Glossary of leaf morphology#obtuse|obtuse]] and [[retuse]] apex. The upper surface of the leaf is uniformly or patchily covered in straight, appressed, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs'''.''' The lower surface of the leaf is [[Glabrous leaves|glabrous]]. Each rosette has multiple ascending''',''' once-branched or rarely unbranched ebracteate or partially bracteate [[inflorescence]]s that are up to 490&nbsp;mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but become smaller. The flowers are 3–95 per inflorescence and each is borne on a short [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] with or without a bract. The calyx is 2–4&nbsp;mm long at flowering and 3–9&nbsp;mm long at fruiting, lobed to half to most of its length, and sparsely to densely covered in straight to curved, appressed to patent, antrorse hairs. The corolla is white and 4–11&nbsp;mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are usually obovate, broadly obovate or very broadly obovate, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully exserted. The four smooth, shiny, usually dark brown nutlets are 1.4–2.1&nbsp;mm long by 1.0–1.4&nbsp;mm wide and ovoid to broadly ovoid in shape.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Meudt |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica M. |date=2018-02-28 |title=Species limits and taxonomic revision of the bracteate-prostrate group of southern hemisphere forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae), including description of three new species endemic to New Zealand |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/SB17045 |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=48–105 |doi=10.1071/SB17045 |s2cid=90834744 |issn=1446-5701|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The pollen of ''Myosotis pansa'' is unknown.

The chromosome number of ''M. pansa'' is 2''n'' = 44 for two Auckland Museum specimens collected from Waitakere, Auckland.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter James de |last2=Murray |first2=Brian Grant |date=2002-01-01 |title=Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora—37. Miscellaneous families |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114954860 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |language=English |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.2002.9512767|bibcode=2002NZJB...40....1D |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:SP089671_Myosotis_pansa_subsp._pansa_(L.B.Moore)_Meudt_et_al._WELT_Te_Papa_1174338_231516.jpg|alt=Flowering plant of M. pansa subsp. pansa|left|thumb|Flowering plant of ''M. pansa subsp. pansa'']]

== Distribution and habitat == ''Myosotis pansa'' is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand from the Waitakere Ranges in Auckland to Waikato and northern Taranaki, from sea level to 200 m ASL. ''M. pansa'' is found on coastal cliffs, coastal scrub nearby grassy slopes''.''<ref name=":4" />

== Conservation status == The two subspecies of ''M. pansa'' are listed as Threatened (subsp. ''pansa'' is Nationally Endangered and subsp. ''praeceps'' is Nationally Vulnerable) in the most recent assessment (2017-2018) of the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System|New Zealand Threatened Classification]] for plants.<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |pages=45 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons}} * [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=myosotis+pansa#tab_mapView ''Myosotis pansa'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q17416949|from2=Q76375609}}

[[Category:Myosotis|pansa]] [[Category:Endemic flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Endangered flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Plants described in 1961]]