Myosotis glauca

{{use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{speciesbox | image = Myosotis glauca 13366573.jpg | image_caption = Myosotis glauca plant, fruiting | status = NV | status_system = NZTCS | status_ref = <ref name="NZTCS"/> | genus = Myosotis | species = glauca | authority = [[George Simpson (botanist)|G.Simpson]] & J.S.Thomson) [[Peter James de Lange|de Lange]] & Barkla<ref name="Threatened plants of New Zealand">{{Cite book |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4837096 |title=Threatened plants of New Zealand |date=2010 |publisher=Canterbury University Press |isbn=978-1-877257-56-8 |editor-last=De Lange |editor-first=Peter J. |location=Christchurch, N.Z |oclc=456176236}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Myosotis pygmaea'' var. ''glauca'' [[George Simpson (botanist)|G.Simpson]] & J.S.Thomson }}

'''''Myosotis glauca''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] Boraginaceae, [[Endemic species|endemic]] to the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]]. [[George Simpson (botanist)|George Simpson]] and J.S. Thomson described ''M. pygmaea'' var. ''glauca'' in 1942, and [[Peter James de Lange|Peter de Lange]] and John Barkla recognized it at species rank in 2010. Plants of this species of [[Forget-me-nots|forget-me-not]] are [[Perennial plant|perennial]] with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, white corollas, and often [[glaucous]] grey leaves.

== Taxonomy and etymology == ''Myosotis glauca'' (G.Simpson & J.S.Thomson) de Lange & Barkla is in the plant family [[Boraginaceae]], was originally described as ''M. pygmaea'' var. ''glauca'' in 1942 by [[George Simpson (botanist)|George Simpson]] and J.S. Thomson, and was later recognized at species rank by [[Peter James de Lange|Peter de Lange]] and John Barkla in 2010.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=L.B. |title=Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833 |url=https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_2dd90ab4-331f-4d49-bb31-b0a843e65931&fileName=Flora%201.xml |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=(Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=George |last2=Thomson |first2=J.S. |date=1942 |title=Notes on Some New Zealand Plants and Descriptions of New Species (No. 2) |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1942-72.2.7.3 |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand |language=en |volume=72 |pages=21–40 |access-date=2022-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis glauca |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/myosotis-glauca/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Threatened plants of New Zealand">{{Cite book |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4837096 |title=Threatened plants of New Zealand |date=2010 |publisher=Canterbury University Press |isbn=978-1-877257-56-8 |editor-last=De Lange |editor-first=Peter J. |location=Christchurch, N.Z |oclc=456176236}}</ref> In the most recent taxonomic revision, it is continued to be recognized at the species level, and is morphologically most similar to the other bracteate-prostrate species endemic to New Zealand in the pygmy subgroup, i.e. ''Myosotis brevis'' and ''M. antarctica.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Prebble |first1=Jessica M. |last2=Symonds |first2=V. Vaughan |last3=Tate |first3=Jennifer A. |last4=Meudt |first4=Heidi M. |date=2022-05-05 |title=Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/SB21031 |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |language=en |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=63–94 |doi=10.1071/SB21031 |s2cid=248603363 |issn=1446-5701|doi-access=free }}</ref> ''Myosotis glauca'' differs from these two species in its straight, appressed trichomes and (usually) glaucous grey leaves.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prebble |first1=Jessica M. |last2=Meudt |first2=Heidi M. |last3=Tate |first3=Jennifer A. |last4=Symonds |first4=V. Vaughan |date=2018-03-18 |title=Bolstering Species Delimitation in Difficult Species Complexes by Analyzing Herbarium and Common Garden Morphological Data: A Case Study Using the New Zealand Native Myosotis pygmaea Species Group (Boraginaceae) |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2018/00000043/00000001/art00022 |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=266–289 |doi=10.1600/036364418X697058|s2cid=90243293 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The lectotype specimen of ''Myosotis glauca'' was designated by [[Lucy Moore (botanist)|Lucy Moore]] and is lodged at the Allan Herbarium (CHR) of [[Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research]] (CHR 75722).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis glauca |url=https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/CHR%2075722?collection=CHR&searchCollection=CHR&query=CHR%2075722&currentDisplayTab=list&pageNumber=0&sortField=relevance |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=scd.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref> There is an isolectotype at the [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]] (AK 210591).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis glauca |url=https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/record/am_naturalsciences-object-392064?k=ak210591&dept=Botany&c=ecrm%3AE20_Biological_Object&ordinal=0 |access-date=2022-07-06 |publisher=[[Auckland War Memorial Museum]]}}</ref>

The [[specific epithet]], ''glauca'', is derived from Latin and refers to the dull greyish-green [[glaucous]] leaves of species.

== Phylogeny == ''Myosotis glauca'' was shown to be a part of the [[monophyletic]] southern hemisphere lineage of ''Myosotis'' in [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers ([[Ribosomal DNA|nuclear ribosomal DNA]] and [[chloroplast DNA]] regions).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Meudt |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica M. |last3=Lehnebach |first3=Carlos A. |date=2015-05-01 |title=Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=301 |issue=5 |pages=1455–1471 |doi=10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x |s2cid=14686750 |issn=2199-6881}}</ref> Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Winkworth |first1=Richard C |last2=Grau |first2=Jürke |last3=Robertson |first3=Alastair W |last4=Lockhart |first4=Peter J |date=2002-08-01 |title=The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790302002105 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=180–193 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5 |pmid=12144755 |issn=1055-7903|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The one sequenced individual of ''M. glauca'' usually grouped with another pygmy subgroup species, ''M. antarctica'' (including ''M. drucei''), as well as with the cushion species, ''M. uniflora,'' among other species.<ref name=":0" /> In a study analyzing microsatellite markers developed specifically for the pygmy subgroup of southern hemisphere ''Myosotis'', all populations of ''M. glauca'' cluster together in the different analyses.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prebble |first1=Jessica M. |last2=Meudt |first2=Heidi M. |last3=Tate |first3=Jennifer A. |last4=Symonds |first4=V. Vaughan |date=2019 |title=Comparing and co‐analysing microsatellite and morphological data for species delimitation in the New Zealand native Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12096 |journal=Taxon |language=en |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=731–750 |doi=10.1002/tax.12096 |s2cid=208604617 |issn=0040-0262|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prebble |first1=Jessica M. |last2=Tate |first2=Jennifer A. |last3=Meudt |first3=Heidi M. |last4=Symonds |first4=V. Vaughan |date=2015-06-09 |title=Microsatellite markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) amplify across species1 |journal=Applications in Plant Sciences |volume=3 |issue=6 |article-number=apps.1500027 |doi=10.3732/apps.1500027 |issn=2168-0450 |pmc=4467761 |pmid=26082880}}</ref>

== Description == ''Myosotis glauca'' plants are single rosettes. The rosette leaves have [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] 2–9 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 4–17 mm long by 2–7 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.3–3.5: 1), narrowly oblanceolate to broadly obovate, widest at or above the middle, dull greyish-green ([[glaucous]]) or sometimes bright green, with an [[Glossary of leaf morphology#obtuse|obtuse]] apex. The upper surface of the leaf is sparsely covered in straight, appressed to patent, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs, whereas the lower surface of the leaf is usually glabrous or with sparsely distributed hairs on the mid vein only. Each rosette has multiple prostrate, bracteate [[inflorescence]]s that are up to 12 cm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves but decrease in size and become sessile toward the tip. Each inflorescence has up to 19 flowers, each borne on a short [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]], with a bract. The calyx is 2–3 mm long at flowering and 3–8 mm long at fruiting, lobed to a quarter or half its length, and usually with hairs only along the calyx ribs. The corolla is white, up to 4 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully included. The four smooth, shiny, nutlets are usually 1.2–1.5 mm long by 0.8–1.2 mm wide and are ovoid in shape.<ref name=":1" />

The chromosome number of ''M. glauca'' is unknown.

''M. glauca'' has ''M. australis'' type pollen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis glauca pollen |url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/topic/10494 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=collections.tepapa.govt.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=HM |date=2016-10-01 |title=Pollen morphology and its taxonomic utility in the Southern Hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=475–497 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343 |s2cid=89118799 |issn=0028-825X}}</ref>

It flowers during the months September–March and fruits October–April, with the main flowering and fruiting period December–January.<ref name=":1" />

<gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Myosotis glauca 13366576.jpg|Fruiting plant File:Myosotis glauca 111408220.jpeg|Fruiting plant File:SP093282 Myosotis glauca (G.Simpson & J.S.Thomson) de Lange & Barkla WELT Te Papa 1289058 389798.jpg|Pollen grain </gallery>

== Distribution and habitat == ''Myosotis glauca'' is a [[forget-me-not]] endemic to the mountains of the South Island of New Zealand. It is mainly found in Otago, but is also known from south Canterbury, from 180–1500 m ASL. ''M. glauca'' is found in tussock-grassland, turf and the edges of tarns or streams.<ref name=":1" />

== Conservation status == The species is listed as "Threatened - Nationally Vulnerable" on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System|New Zealand Threatened Classification]] system for plants, with the qualifiers "DP" (Data Poor) and "Sp" (Sparse).<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |page=45 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref> A recent taxonomic revision recommended maintaining this conservation status, but replacing qualifier "DP" with "RR" (Range Restricted).<ref name=":1" />

== References == {{Reflist|refs=}}

== External links ==

* [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=myosotis+glauca#tab_mapView ''Myosotis glauca'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium] * {{commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Myosotis|glauca]] [[Category:Endemic flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Endangered flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Plants described in 1942]]