Myosotis concinna

{{use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{speciesbox | image = SP105620_Myosotis_concinna_Cheeseman_WELT_Te_Papa_1592440_400278.jpg | image_caption = Myosotis concinna flowers | status = NU | status_system = NZTCS | status_ref = <ref name="NZTCS"/> | genus = Myosotis | species = concinna | authority = [[Thomas Cheeseman|Cheeseman]], 1885<ref name="Cheeseman">{{cite Q|Q115527957}}</ref> }}

'''''Myosotis concinna''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] Boraginaceae, [[Endemic species|endemic]] to the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]]. [[Thomas Cheeseman]] described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of [[Forget-me-nots|forget-me-not]] are large, [[Perennial plant|perennial]] rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

== Taxonomy and etymology == ''Myosotis concinna'' is in the plant family [[Boraginaceae]] and was described in 1885 by [[Thomas Cheeseman]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=L.B. |title=Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833 |url=https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_2dd90ab4-331f-4d49-bb31-b0a843e65931&fileName=Flora%201.xml |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Myosotis concinna |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/myosotis-concinna/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Cheeseman"/>

''Myosotis concinna'' is morphologically similar to two other ebracteate-erect species, the northern South Island endemic ''[[Myosotis brockiei|M. brockiei]],'' and the Australian endemic ''[[Myosotis exarrhena|M. exarrhena]].'' ''M. concinna'' can be distinguished from ''M. brockiei'' by its yellow corollas (vs. white in ''M. brockiei''), hairs appressed (vs. erect) on the margins, and hairs parallel to the mid vein on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf (vs. oblique or perpendicular).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |date=2021 |title=Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113613782 |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=252–304 |doi=10.1071/SB20028|s2cid=234771910 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The lectotype specimen of ''Myosotis concinna'' was collected by Thomas Cheeseman from [[Mount Owen (New Zealand)|Mt Owen]], Western Nelson and is lodged at the [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]] Herbarium (AK 7549).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lectotype of Myosotis concinna |url=https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/record/am_naturalsciences-object-381911?k=AK7549&ordinal=0 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www.aucklandmuseum.com}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> There is also an isolectotype at the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]] (WELT SP002360).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Isolectotype of Myosotis concinna |url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/1090229 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=collections.tepapa.govt.nz}}</ref>

The specific epithet, ''concinna'', is derived from the Latin ''concinnus'' meaning elegant, pretty or neat.<ref name=":1" />

== Phylogeny == ''Myosotis concinna'' was shown to be a part of the [[monophyletic]] southern hemisphere lineage of ''Myosotis'' in [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers ([[Ribosomal DNA|nuclear ribosomal DNA]] and [[chloroplast DNA]] regions).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Meudt |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Prebble |first2=Jessica M. |last3=Lehnebach |first3=Carlos A. |date=2015-05-01 |title=Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=301 |issue=5 |pages=1455–1471 |doi=10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x |bibcode=2015PSyEv.301.1455M |s2cid=254048318 |issn=2199-6881|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships, including those of the sole individual sequenced of ''M. concinna,'' were not well resolved.<ref name=":0" />

== Description == ''Myosotis concinna'' plants are single rosettes that often grow together to form loose tufts or clumps. The rosette leaves have [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] 5–48 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 16–59 mm long by 4–15 mm wide (length: width ratio 2.2–6.2: 1), usually lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, usually widest at or above the middle, with an [[Acute (botany)|acute]] apex. The upper surface of the leaf are densely covered in mostly flexuous, appressed to patent, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are usually oriented parallel to the mid vein. The hairs on the edge of the leaves are similar but always appressed, and the hairs on the underside of the leaf are similar but mostly retrorse (backward-facing). Each rosette has 1–4 erect, branched, ebracteate [[inflorescence]]s that are up to 300 mm long and are bifurcating in a forked 'V' shape at the tips. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller, and decrease in size toward the tip. Each inflorescence has up to 40 flowers, each borne on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] up to 7 mm long at fruiting, and each without a bract. The calyx is 4–6 mm long at flowering and 6–9 mm long at fruiting, lobed to half or three-quarters its length, and densely covered in antrorse, flexuous or curved, mostly patent hairs, some of which are retrorse. The corolla is yellow (rarely grey blue or purple), up to 16 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, flat petals that are obovate, broadly obovate or very broadly obovate, and small scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully exserted above the scales. The four smooth, shiny, medium to dark brown nutlets are 2.0–3.3 mm long by 0.9–1.7 mm wide and narrowly ovoid in shape.<ref name=":1" />

The chromosome number of ''M. concinna'' is unknown.

The pollen of ''M. concinna'' is unknown.

It flowers and fruits from November–January, with the main flowering and fruiting period in January.<ref name=":1" />

<gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:SP105620_Myosotis_concinna_Cheeseman_WELT_Te_Papa_1592440_400277.jpg|Floral detail File:SP105617 Myosotis concinna Cheeseman WELT Te Papa 1592434 400231.jpg|Rosette leaves File:SP105620_Myosotis_concinna_Cheeseman_WELT_Te_Papa_1592440_400273.jpg|Flowering individual File:SP102775 Myosotis antarctica subsp. antarctica Hook.f. WELT Te Papa 1426265 389843.jpg|Pollen grain </gallery>

== Distribution and habitat == ''Myosotis concinna'' is a [[forget-me-not]] endemic to the Owen Range, Kahurangi National Park, Western Nelson, South Island of New Zealand from 1050 to 1700 m ASL. It is an obligate calcicole found in south-facing marble bluffs and scree in southern beech forest or above treeline.<ref name=":1" />

== Conservation status == The species is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System|New Zealand Threatened Classification]] system for plants, with the qualifier "RR" (Range Restricted).<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |pages=45 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== References == {{Reflist|refs=}}

== External links ==

* [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=myosotis+concinna#tab_mapView ''Myosotis concinna'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium] * {{commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Myosotis|concinna]] [[Category:Endemic flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Endangered flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman]] [[Category:Plants described in 1885]]