{{Short description|Hospital and museum in Peru}} {{Infobox hospital | name = National Institute of Neurological Sciences | image = Hospital de Ciencias Neurológicas.jpg | image_size = 225 | caption = Newsstand at the hospital's entrance | location = [[Jirón Áncash]] 1271 | funding = [[Ministry of Health (Peru)|MINSA]] | type = [[Hospital#Specialized|Specialised]], [[Teaching hospital|teaching]] | religious_affiliation = [[Catholic]] | patron = [[Turibius of Mogrovejo]] | beds = | speciality = | former_names = | constructed = | opened = 1669<ref name=INCN>{{Cite web |url=https://www.incn.gob.pe/historia/ |title=Historia |website=Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas}}</ref><ref name=Coello>{{Cite journal |title=Algunas notas sobre el sobre el antiguo Hospital Refugio de Incurables |journal=Arkinka |url=https://cicopperu.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/hospital-de-incurables-coello.pdf |last=Coello Rodríguez |first=Antonio |issue=273 |year=2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Refugio de incurables: 1669-2004 - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas |magazine=[[Ministry of Health (Peru)|Vida Saludable]] |url=https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/322827/Refugio_de_incurables_1669_-_2004__Instituto_Nacional_de_Ciencias_Neurol%C3%B3gicas20190621-17253-qybvmk.pdf |page=3 |issue=5 |year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=El Hospital Refugio de Incurables «Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo» de Lima, hoy Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas. Evolución Histórica 1669 a 1997 |last=Rabí Chara |first=Miguel |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas «Óscar Trelles Montes» |year=1997 |isbn=9972-9069-06 |language=es |url=https://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/minsa/1920.PDF |volume=1}}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://www.incn.gob.pe/}} }} The '''"[[Óscar Trelles Montes]]" National Institute of Neurological Sciences''' ({{langx|es|Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas «Óscar Trelles Montes»}}, '''INCN'''), also known by its former names '''Saint Turibius of Mogrovejo Hospital''' ({{langx|es|Hospital Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo}}) and '''Hospital for Incurables''' ({{langx|es|Hospital de Incurables}}), is a [[Public hospital|public specialised hospital centre]] administered by the [[Ministry of Health of Peru]]. It is dedicated to specialised care in [[neurology]], [[neurosciences]] and [[neurosurgery]]; and is also dedicated to research and teaching. Founded in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru|viceregal era]] with a Royal Decree of August 26, 1700, as the '''Refuge for Incurables''' ({{langx|es|Refugio de Incurables}}) on [[Jirón Áncash|Maravillas Street]]. It is located in the neighbourhood of [[Barrios Altos]], part of [[Lima District]].
The '''[[#Museum|Museum of Neuropathologies]]''' ({{langx|es|Museo de Neuropatologías}}), also known simply as the '''Museum of the Brain''' ({{langx|es|Museo del Cerebro}}), is housed inside the hospital.
==History== The hospital was established under the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] as the ''Refuge for Incurables'' by [[Friar]] José de Figueroa, well known for his treatment of the ill, in what was then known as [[Jirón Áncash|Maravillas Street]]. It was officialised with the Royal Decree of August 26, 1700.<ref name=INCN/><ref name=Coello/> The date was chosen as the hospital's anniversary in 1993.<ref name=INCN/> Its name came due to the public that was attended there: [[beggar]]s, [[cripple]]s, [[orphan]]s and abandoned people.<ref name=Coello/> This was the nature of the hospitals at the time, as some were divided by the [[Casta|caste system]] ([[Royal Hospital of Saint Andrew|San Andrés]] for the [[Spanish Peruvians|Spanish]], [[Plaza Italia, Lima|Santa Ana]] for the [[Indigenous Peruvians|Indians]] and [[San Bartolomé National Hospital|San Bartolomé]] for [[Black Peruvians|freed slaves]]); others were divided by occupation, such as the Espíritu Santo in Montserrat, founded in 1573 and dedicated to those involved in the [[Peruvian Navy]]; and others were divided by the public they attended.<ref name=Coello/>
The terrain where the so-called "[[cloister]] hospital"<ref name=Coello/> was built had originally belonged to the Novitiate of the College of San Antonio, belonging to the [[Company of Jesus]]. It was administered by the [[Bethlehemite Brothers]] during its early years. The [[1746 Lima–Callao earthquake|earthquake of 1746]] partially destroyed the hospital, which was reconstructed to accommodate its increasing number of patients. However, it was only after the [[José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda|Viceroy Count of Superunda]]'s efforts that the hospital was properly rebuilt under his personal supervision. In 1804, [[Gabriel de Avilés, 4th Marquis of Avilés|Viceroy Avilés]] created a women's pavilion.<ref name=Coello/>
In 1862, a supreme decree transferred ownership of the establishment to the [[Charity of Lima]], whose directory renamed it to the ''Saint Turibius of Mogrovejo Hospital'' on November 29, 1937.<ref name=INCN/><ref name=Coello/> After 113 years, the ownership of the hospital was again transferred, this time to the [[Ministry of Health (Peru)|Ministry of Health]], who renamed the hospital to its current name on April 30, 1981.<ref name=INCN/>
==Museum== {{Infobox museum | name = Museum of Neuropathologies | native_name = Museo de Neuropatologías | native_name_lang = es | image = | caption = | established = {{start date|1997|df=y}} | type = | website = {{URL|https://www.incn.gob.pe/museo-del-cerebro/|INCN Website}} }} The '''Museum of Neuropathologies''' ({{langx|es|Museo de Neuropatologías}}), also known simply as the '''Museum of the Brain''' ({{langx|es|Museo del Cerebro}}), is the museum housed inside the hospital.<ref name=Coello/> It houses a large collection of [[Organ (biology)|organs]] and is focused mostly on the [[human brain]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=El Museo del Cerebro: un interesante destino para conocer el cerebro humano |url=https://puntoseguido.upc.edu.pe/el-museo-del-cerebro-un-interesante-destino-para-conocer-el-cerebro-humano/ |last1=Gálvez |first1=Mariana |date=2019-05-27 |work=[[Peruvian University of Applied Sciences|Punto Seguido]] |last2=Fernández |first2=Sebastián}}</ref> It closed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Peru|COVID-19 pandemic in the country]] until its reopening in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Conoce el Museo del Cerebro en Lima: ¿dónde se ubica y cómo llegar? |url=https://larepublica.pe/datos-lr/2023/08/29/museo-del-cerebro-2023-como-llegar-donde-queda-direccion-horarios-precio-de-entradas-telefono-y-fotos-museos-en-lima-atmp-1559794 |date=2023-08-30 |work=[[La República]]}}</ref>
==See also== *[[Barrios Altos]] *[[Church of the Holy Christ of Wonders]]
==References== {{reflist}} {{Lima landmarks}}
[[Category:Hospitals in Lima]] [[Category:Barrios Altos]] [[Category:Hospitals established in the 17th century]]