| Murato | |
|---|---|
| Chholo | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | near Lake Poopó |
| Ethnicity | Uru-Murato of Lake Poopó |
| Extinct | 17th century[1] 1? (2012)[2] |
Uru–Chipaya?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | chho1235 |
 Murato | |
Murato (Chholo) is the language of the Uros of Lake Poopó in Bolivia.[3] The Murato have shifted to Aymara, but preserve some vocabulary of their original language; a number of rememberers of the language were found, and some data was collected from them.[4][5]
Geographical distribution
The Uru-Murato live in three villages on the eastern shores of Lake Poopó, Llapallapani, located near Santiago de Huari, Villañeque, near Challapata, and Puñaca, near the city of Poopó.[5]
History
The Uru-Murato speak either Aymara, Quechua or Spanish, with a tendency to replace Aymara with Quechua. Three linguistic studies on the language exist; one by Barragán lists a total of 21 words and numerals from 1 to 10, another by Alavi Mamami (2008) presented at the XVIII Reunión Anual de Etnología, including 20 words and their equivalents in the Uru language of Irohito, and the numerals from 1 to 10 again, and a third recording an untranslated monlogue in the language from Daniel Moricio Choque, a former leader of the Uru-Murato, though he claimed he did not know much of it. All three studies were conducted in different locations.[5]
Name
Choque referred to the language he recorded as chholo, though he also called it puquina, similarly to the Uru language of Irohito and the related Chipaya.[5]
Classification
Very few of the words in Chholo correspond with those in Uru-Chipaya. The following words are derived from Uru-Chipaya:[5]
| gloss | Chholo |
|---|---|
| designation | xax chhuni qot chhuni |
| bird | wiskala |
| birds | visklanaka |
| young | thowa |
A number of Chholo words are also derived from Aymara:[5]
| gloss | Chholo |
|---|---|
| brother | jila |
| sister | kullaka |
| (too) much | anchaki |
| well | wale- |
It is speculated that some of the non-Uru-Chipaya words were fabricated, though they could have also been inherited.[5]
Morphology
The following suffixes can be identified in Chholo, though without any indication of their grammatical meaning:[5]
| Chholo |
|---|
| -kcha- / -qcha |
| -ksha- / -qsha |
| -wa |
References
- ^ Hannß, Katja (2014-07-01). "The Uru of Ch'imu: an investigation of Walter Lehmann's material". STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 67 (2): 175–211. doi:10.1515/stuf-2014-0013. ISSN 2196-7148.
- ^ Crevels, Mily (2012-01-13). "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking". In Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. De Gruyter. pp. 167–234. doi:10.1515/9783110258035.167. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3. Retrieved 2025-03-22.
- ^ Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysken, Pieter (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-48685-2.
- ^ Alain Fabre 2005, "Uru-Chipaya", in: Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamicanos. [1] retrieved 2021/12/22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Crevels, Emily Irene; Muysken, Pieter (2009). Lenguas de Bolivia: Ámbito andino (in Spanish). Plural editores. p. 117. ISBN 978-99954-1-236-4.