[[File:Mulavarmmana Raja.jpg|thumb|250px|The name ''Shri Mū-la-va-rmma-ṇaḥ Rā-jñaḥ'' "The Lord, Prince Mulavarman" in a ''yupa'' inscription in pallawa script from Kutai. 4th-5th century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=VOGEL |first1=J. Ph. |title=The Yupa Inscriptions of King Mulavarman, from Koetei (East Borneo) |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië |date=1918 |volume=74 |issue=1/2 |pages=167–232 |jstor=20769898 |issn=1383-5408}}</ref> In other inscriptions, Mulavarman is also called "Lord of Kings".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=VOGEL |first1=J. Ph. |title=The Yupa Inscriptions of King Mulavarman, from Koetei (East Borneo) |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië |date=1918 |volume=74 |issue=1/2 |page=213 |jstor=20769898 |issn=1383-5408}}</ref>]] {{Location map | Asia | width = 250px | float = | border = | caption = Location of Kutai in Indonesia. | alt = | relief = yes | AlternativeMap = | overlay_image = | label = Kutai | label_size = | position = right | background = | mark = | marksize = | link = | lat_deg = 1.034614 | lon_deg = 116.995201 }} '''Sri Mulavarman Nala Deva''' (spelled '''Mulawarman''' in Indonesian) was the king of the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom, located in eastern Borneo around the year 400{{nbsp}}CE. What little is known of him comes from the seven ''yūpa'' inscriptions found at a sanctuary in Kutai, East Kalimantan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hall|first=D.G.E.|title=A History of South-East Asia, Fourth Edition|year=1981|publisher=Macmillan Education Ltd.|location=Hong Kong|isbn=0-333-24163-0|pages=38}}</ref> He is known to have been generous to brahmins through the giving of gifts, including thousands of cattle and large amounts of gold.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tarling|first=Nicholas|title=The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia Volume 1 Part 1 From early times to c. 1500|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England, United Kingdom|isbn=0-521-66369-5|pages=305}}</ref>
==Reign== He was the grandson of Kudungga, and the son of Asvavarman, according to one of his inscriptions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=VOGEL |first1=J. Ph. |title=The Yupa Inscriptions of King Mulavarman, from Koetei (East Borneo) |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië |date=1918 |volume=74 |issue=1/2 |page=212 |jstor=20769898 |issn=1383-5408}}</ref> The sanctuary bears the name of the founder of the dynasty, Vaprakesvara.<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|52}}
The inscriptions of Mulavarman in Brahmi script on ''"yūpa"'' sacrificial posts are the earliest known evidence of Indian influence in the Malay World, in the fourth century CE, long before the region was Indianized.<ref name="TS">{{cite book |last1=Shome |first1=Tony |title=Malay Political Leadership |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-78933-6 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pnimJ9-z98C&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=D. C. |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=1996 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1166-9 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC&pg=PA212 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mitra |first1=Karabi |title=Religion in Pre-Islamic Indonesia |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2011 |volume=72 |pages=1030 |jstor=44145714 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> The inscriptions of Mulavarman were followed about fifty years later by the inscriptions of another king, Purnavarman, in West Java.<ref name="TS"/>
==Inscriptions== {{main|Yūpa #Yūpa inscription in Indonesia}} The inscriptions of Mulavarman in Brahmi script were found on ''"yūpa"'' sacrificial posts.<ref name="TS"/>
<gallery> File:Prasasti-Yupa02.jpg|One of the yūpa Mulavarman inscriptions from Kutai, at the National Museum in Jakarta File:153 Mulavarman Inscription, Muara Kaman, Kalimantan, 5th c (23406879131).jpg|Mulavarman inscription on a yūpa, 5th century CE File:154 Mulavarman Inscription, Muara Kaman, Kalimantan, 5th c (22862209853).jpg|Mulavarman inscription on a yūpa, 5th century CE File:The word Yupa in the 154 Mulavarman Inscription, Muara Kaman, Kalimantan, 5th century CE.jpg|The word "''Yūpo''" in Brahmi in a Mulavarman Inscription, Muara Kaman, Kalimantan, 5th century CE </gallery>
==See also== *Mulawarman University, the state-university of East Kalimantan named after the king *Kodam VI/Mulawarman, the military-district of the Indonesian Army covering East, South, and North Kalimantan named after the king
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Year of death unknown Category:4th-century monarchs in Asia Category:Hindu monarchs Category:Indonesian Hindu monarchs