{{Short description|Persian historian and calligrapher}} {{Infobox historian | name = Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi | image = <!-- Image of Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi, if available --> | caption = | birth_date = <!-- Date of birth not specified --> | birth_place = Rawand, near Kashan, Persia (now Iran) | death_date = After 1207 | death_place = | occupation = Historian, Calligrapher | notable_works = * ''Rahat al-sudur wa ayat al-surur'' | era = Medieval Islamic Period | main_interests = History of the Seljuk Empire | influences = | influenced = }}

'''Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi''' ({{langx|fa|محمد بن علی راوندی}}; died after 1207), was a Persian{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1995}} historian who wrote the ''Rahat al-sudur wa ayat al-surur'' during the fall of the Great Seljuk Empire and the subsequent invasion by the Kharwarzmian empire.

The only source that gives details about Rawandi's life is his own book. He was from a scholarly family from Rawand near Kashan, and studied Hanafi fiqh in Hamadan from 1174 to 1184.{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1995}} As a calligrapher, Rawandi was brought to court to craft a ''Quran'' for Toghrul III and gained the sultan's favor. After Toghrul's incarceration, Rawandi gained the patronage of Shihab al-Din al-Kashani, who urged him to write the ''Rahat al-sudur''. Rawandi had intended to dedicate his book to Süleymanshah II, but dedicated it to Kaykhusraw I, following the latter's accession as Sultan of Rum. Later the ''Rahat al-sudur'' was translated into Turkish during the reign of Murad II.{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1995}}

Rawandi died after 1207.{{sfn|Özgüdenli|2017}}

==Modern era== In 1921, the ''Rahat al-sudur'' was published by Muhammad Iqbal (died 1938).{{sfn|Bosworth|2001|p=15}} It was recognized by Iqbal, Edward G. Browne and Mirza Muhammad Qazwini as a source in other texts, namely ''Jami' al-tawarikh'' of Rashid al-Din Hamadani (died 1318), ''Rawdat al-safa'' of Mirkhvand (died 1498) and ''Tarikh-i guzida'' of Hamdallah Mustawfi (died after 1339/40).{{sfn|Bosworth|2001|p=15}}

==References== {{reflist}}

== Sources == * {{cite book |title=The History of the Seljuq Turks: from the Jāmi al-Tawārīkh : an Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq nama |translator-first=Kenneth Allin |translator-last=Luther |editor-first=C.E. |editor-last=Bosworth |publisher=Curzon Press |year=2001 }} * {{cite book |last1=Durand-Guédy|first1=David |title=Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25700-9}} * {{EI2|last1=Hillenbrand|first1=Carole|authorlink1=Carole Hillenbrand|volume=8|title=Rāwandī|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/rawandi-SIM_6253}} * {{EI3|last=Özgüdenli|first=Osman G.|year=2017|title=Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev I|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_32073}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Peacock|editor1-first=A.C.S.|editor2-last=Yildiz|editor2-first=Sara Nur|title=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East|date=2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0857733467}}

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Category:12th-century calligraphers Category:12th-century Iranian historians Category:Scholars from the Seljuk Empire Category:Historians from the Sultanate of Rum Category:Calligraphers of the medieval Islamic world Category:13th-century calligraphers Category:People from Kashan Category:12th-century Persian-language writers